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“how Africans Under Develop Africa ” by TerryCarr(m): 7:54am On Sep 02, 2012
“HOW AFRICANS UNDER DEVELOP AFRICA ”
CredoWriters: Wakdok, Samuel Stephen.



Recalling our undergraduate days in the University of Jos , many of us in the department of Economics like others in Sociology, History, Political Science, Law etc were captivated by Walter Rodney’s book “How Europe Underdeveloped Africa”. The title was as inviting to those with Marxist philosophy/leanings as much as the content of the book. Dr. Rodney’s book is a clarion call for us to regret colonialism and chat down neo-colonialism. Of course the West has exploited and still exploits Africa ; her land, resources and people, but have they always done this alone? Has the West whether as explorers or colonialists, as investors or neo-colonialists, as Aid providers or Creditors succeeded in exploiting Africa without the active collaboration of Africans?



Without confining Walter Rodney’s book or title of his book to the recess of history, rather in trying to juxtapose his work on the reality that has revealed itself over time we must seek to elucidate “How Africans under develop Africa”. It is inundating and heart breaking to x-ray why Africa is underdeveloped and how Africans are still under developing Africa .



[b]In pre-colonial Africa , it was Africans who raided villages and towns especially on the west coast, captured fellow Africans and sold them as slaves to the white slave drivers. Lagos thrived on this and king Kosoko was very comfortable with slave trade in his domain. No sooner had Spain pulled out of Western Sahara in 1976 than Morocco invaded and annexed the territory. In spite of all the international outcry and pressure, atrocities are still committed against the people of Western Sahara .



[b]The capitalists assisted Mobuto Sese Seko to kill Patrice Lumumba in Congo renamed Zaire and now DR Congo. His remains was burnt to ashes, put in a plane and scattered over the country to prevent even his ghost from resurrecting. Mobuto went on to become one of the worst despots of all times and was richer than his country until the rebel forces of Laurent Kabila pushed him out in May 1997. Today after nearly two decades of wars and conflicts, DR Congo is among the most dangerous countries in the word. Despites having the largest contingent of UN Peace keepers in the world; it has been dubbed the rape capital of the world because of the mass velocity of rapes especially in its eastern region by both government and rebel forces.



When Idi Amin Dada took over power in Uganda in 1971 he taught the world a hybrid of what illiteracy, cruelty and power drunkenness can do. He did not spare any one be it his wife, Central Bank Governor, Archbishop or judges. Before he was ousted by Tanzania forces in 1979 he had turned Uganda ’s currency into toilet money and littered the streets of Uganda with blood of 300,000 Ugandans and Asians. Yoweri Museveni came to office in 1986 as a soldier and shouted to the world that the problem of Africa were despotic leaders. He just won another presidential term to rule Uganda despite opposition’s claims of rigging the elections. Joseph Koni’s the lord resistance Army rebel forces have been fighting a war in northern Uganda with atrocities like rape and limb cutting spreading into South Sudan, Central African Republic .



Robert Gabriel Mugabe became the white man’s nemesis in the then Southern Rhodesia after he successfully fought both the British colonialists and Ian Smith who had declared unilateral independence from Britain . A charismatic leader took Zimbabwe to independence in 1980 and it became one of the best economies in Africa . Today Mugabe is gunning for another term in 2012, and has helped the West to wreck Zimbabwe ’s economy with sanctions. Zimbabwe had the sole privilege of achieving what was called “run-away inflation” hitting millions in percent of inflation at the height of its economies and printing single currency of billion Zimbabwean dollars. One third of Zimbabweans live in exile or are seeking economic/political asylum.[/b]



The United States and Apartheid South African backed rebel forces UNITA led by Jonas Savimbi fought one of the bitterest civil wars Africa had ever seen in Angola against the Marxist regime of Dos Santos. It took the killing of Savimbi in February 2002 for the war to end. Today Angola is trying to rebuild but decades of war and Jose’ Eduardo Dos Santos 36 years in power have not improved the lot of average Angolans.



Master Sergeant Samuel Doe who shot himself into power in 1981 took Liberia to the brink until the civil war led by Charles Taylor broke out in 1989. The war destabilised the region of West Africa with many lives lost both citizens and peace keepers; and scattered Liberian refugees across West Africa for about 20 years. The war also spread to Sierra Leone because of the urge to control its diamond as a financing tool. Many citizens were brutally murdered and many others who survived were left limbless. Ivory Coast which was the model of political and economic stability and it once housed the headquarters of the African Development Bank had its serenity shattered after the 1999 coup of General Guei. The world’s number one producer of Cocoa experienced a bitter civil war between 2000 and 2003. The last presidential election stand off between Laurent Gbagbo and Allasan Quattara almost took Ivory Coast back to the precipice.



Togo, Gabon and Guinea all had despots who ruled for over 30 years with Togo and Gabon having the sons succeeding their fathers. Equatorial Guinea with its oil wealth has less than a million people. Yet the oil wealth has not improved the lot of the populace but only the family and cronies of President Teodore Obiang Nguema Mbasago who has spent over thirty years in power. He is also the current chairman of the African Union which boasts of a good number of sit tight leaders. Little wonder the African Peer Review Mechanism cannot add much value to Africa .



The wars between North and South Sudan which ended with the Comprehensive Pease Agreement of 2005 led to the independence of the South in July 2011 after more than a million deaths in one of Africa ’s longest wars. Western Sudan has also seen enough carnage since 2002 where the government back supporter of APC have been attacking the people of Darfur creating the world’s worst humanitarian crisis. Omar El Bashir is wanted by the International Criminal Court on charges of Genocide. Sudan was the first international headquarters of al qaeda which has seen the distribution of terrorism around Africa and the word. Somalia ’s case is seemingly hopeless, that country is the number one failed state in the world. After years of misrule by former leaders they have gone for twenty years without a functional government with tribal war lords, pirates and lately the Islamic extremist al shabash making the country lawless. About a million Somalis are now at the risk of death because of famine in the horn of Africa . Chad and Niger house the poorest regions of the world. The 2008 post election violence in Kenya left over a thousand people dead, closely replicated by the 2011 post election violence in Nigeria which killed over two hundred people. The story of Nigeria is a pathetic one. Once baptised the giant of Africa , a country with rich human and natural resources has been brought to the brink due to years of bad leadership. The mother of all carnages took place in Rwanda as the 1994 Rwandan genocide left an estimated one million people dead in 100 days. Sub-Saharan Africa’s last absolute monarch in the landlocked Swaziland only parades virgins on a yearly basis to choose a new wife from annually. He is mostly abroad and spends little or no time in his country.



The northern part of Africa which seemed to be better off economically was in the firm grip of despots. Revolutions in that part have left thousands dead, scattered the economies and disrupted tourism which was their mainstay. Libya ’s Gaddafi has given the west an excuse to seek to re-colonise that country.



From North to South, East to West except for a few countries and leaders, the story of Africa is the same. Economic woes, insecurity, civil wars, internal strives and conflicts, ethnic and religious cleansing, looting of public wealth, capital flight, lack of infrastructure and capacity development have become the hallmarks of Africa’s underdevelopment. With the vast presence of arable lands, ironically Africa is heavily dependent on food imports and food aids. With cheap and abundant labour, Africa cannot generate employment to transform her economy and empower her people.



The elasticity of corruption in Africa is like an unchained spirit. Trillions of dollars meant for the development of the continent have been stolen and stashed in foreign lands by African leaders both dead and living, past and present. The penchant for misuse of public goods and massive show of shamelessness are so high.



[b]Everything the developed West have ever done is first to secure the future of their citizens, but the reverse is the case in Africa . The military dictatorships in Latin America and Indonesia laid solid foundations for those regions economic success stories of today, where as the military juntas in Africa regrettably were the very ones who institutionalised corruption. The Greeks gave the world democracy, The Romans gave the world the Senate, the British gave the world a Parliament, and the United States gave the world the Presidency. In all these we see a commitment by both the leaders and the led to develop a system which will drive the transformation of their polity, economy and people. Democratic regimes have not done much to expedite the cause of Africa’s transformation; rather countries like Nigeria operate the most expensive yet wasteful democracies in the world. Africans have the highest impudence at breaking laws and over the years the rule of law does not hold any significance in the lives of the people especially those who have access to the tools of power. No African country is likely to the Millennium Development Goals by the target year of 2015, as basic as these goals are like poverty reduction, water and sanitation, reduction in infant and maternal mortality among the others. While people and leaders in other parts of the world are making progress to improve their nations and people, Africans are deliberately making efforts to under develop Africa . Africa has been underdeveloped with the blood of Africans on the streets of Africa more by fellow Africans than anyone else. Shame![/b]
the sad part is it is not to far from the truth sad http://credoworld..com/2011/09/how-africans-under-develop-africa.html

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Re: “how Africans Under Develop Africa ” by Gbawe: 8:19am On Sep 02, 2012
TerryCarr: the sad part is it is not to far from the truth

It is indeed the truth. What is written below is what Africans themselves must first learn to discern and neutralise if we are to move forward. We can "neutralise" Africans under-developing Africa, if ordinary Africans learns to hold leader accountable , and insist they deliver, instead of making excuses for them. Ultimately, it is African leaders who, by far, fail Africans the most.


While people and leaders in other parts of the world are making progress to improve their nations and people, Africans are deliberately making efforts to under develop Africa . Africa has been underdeveloped with the blood of Africans on the streets of Africa more by fellow Africans than anyone else. Shame!

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Re: “how Africans Under Develop Africa ” by TerryCarr(m): 8:26am On Sep 02, 2012
Gbawe:

It is indeed the trut[/b]h. What is written below is what Africans themselves must first learn to discern and neutralise if we are to move forward. We can "neutralise" Africans under-developing Africa, if ordinary Africans learns to hold leader accountable , [b]and insist they deliver, instead of making excuses for them. Ultimately, it is African leaders who, by far, fail Africans the most.


agreed

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Re: “how Africans Under Develop Africa ” by LongOne1(m): 11:54am On Sep 02, 2012
Yeah, yeah, so we all know what is wrong, now what steps do we take? It’s easy to come up with statements like Gbawe’s, but what practical systems can we put in place to ensure we learn from the past to prevent our possibly bleak future?

Suggestions or ideas, anyone?
Re: “how Africans Under Develop Africa ” by PaulJohn1: 1:33pm On Sep 02, 2012
Long One: Yeah, yeah, so we all know what is wrong, now what steps do we take? It’s easy to come up with statements like Gbawe’s, but what practical systems can we put in place to ensure we learn from the past to prevent our possibly bleak future?

Suggestions or ideas, anyone?

I don't think it's a big deal that we Africans can't solve, but the people who govern we Africans are just too close to dumb. We africans see ourselves as enemy, won't think twice before making moves. Like a white S/African said, "we africans can't rule ourselves, and if we're given the opportunity we'll kill ourselves". Isn't it glaring it's true?!
A good example of this is that of Sudan. This country was the Africas biggest country, which is not up to four states in some countries of over 30 states outside Africa. But turned against themselves, fought with themselves, killed themselves and was broken up.
Isn't that shameful enough?
Our people need orientation. We need to know the world doesn't end where we are.
We need to learn from ours and others mistakes. We need to stop seeing ourselves as inferior.
Of course it's getting late, but I wish we change before we finally lost it.
Re: “how Africans Under Develop Africa ” by dasparrow: 1:41pm On Sep 02, 2012
Long One: Yeah, yeah, so we all know what is wrong, now what steps do we take? It’s easy to come up with statements like Gbawe’s, but what practical systems can we put in place to ensure we learn from the past to prevent our possibly bleak future?

Suggestions or ideas, anyone?

African leaders can start by not being string puppets to the west and her leaders. Africans leaders can start by putting the interest of their citizens first rather than the interest of the IMF, World Bank, UN and whoever else including themelves. Africans as a people can start by having some dignity and self respect and stop acting as if the white man is a 'demi god.' As Africans, we can start by loving and respecting ourselves and each other because no one will love and respect us if we don't love and respect ourselves. If we loved ourselves, we will put aside petty ethnic and cultural differences and squabbles and work together towards the betterment and progress of our people, our nations and the black African continent at large.

I think that the biggest enemy of the black African is tribalism, lack of racial solidarity, self centeredness and greed. Tribalism and lack of racial solidarity hinders people from working together for their common good and like I always say, a house divided amongst or against itself can never stand. Self centeredness is the reason why our leaders don't care for the common man they rule over as long as they the leaders and their immediate family and friends are comfortable. They don't feel ashame when they travel abroad and see how other countries function quite well while the African countries they preside over are in shambles and reeking with poverty.

Self centeredness and greed is what is causing our African leaders to see nothing wrong in plunging our countries into poverty while they loot our national wealth and store it up in bank accounts in western nations. As Africans, we need a complete change of mindset. We need to start loving ourselves, caring for one another, stop practicing self hate and having the back of other racial groups at the expense of our people; stop worshipping the west and her citizens, patronize black African businesses both at home and abroad, spend our holiday vacations in other countries around black Africa rather than spending our vacations in north america and europe thereby boosting their tourism industry while ours suffer. As Africans, we should not copy-copy everything the west does in terms of politics and leadership style because what works for them will or may not exactly work for us.

We should encourage more trade partnerships with fellow black African countries and we should stop dancing to the tune of the white man's whistle. Our school curriculums should include African history from a young age because it's obvious we need to re-educate ourselves and remind ourselves of who we are and what great people we used to be before the europeans and arabs invaded Africa unannounced. By re-educating ourselves, we rid ourselves of inferiority complex and self hate which has become so prevalent amongst Africans and those who once descended from Africa. Our children should be watching African TV programming like it used to be back in the days when I used to watch 'Tales by moonlight' and Chinua Achebe's 'Things fall apart' as a child and not some stupid oyibo/western TV programming that glorifies all the unglorifiable.

If we don't lift ourselves up, no one else will. Let's stop waiting for the white man to solve our problems because only we Africans can solve our own problems. The western nations are doing well because their leaders put their citizens' interest first. When are African leaders going to place the interests of their citizens' first over that of non black African foreigners? When?

Enough said.

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Re: “how Africans Under Develop Africa ” by Chubhie: 3:03pm On Sep 02, 2012
You will notice that most of the aforementioned so called African leaders are strong men with raw power to do as they wished........

Africa needs strong institutions, not strong men - Barack Obama
Re: “how Africans Under Develop Africa ” by Gbawe: 4:28pm On Sep 02, 2012
Long One: Yeah, yeah, so we all know what is wrong, now what steps do we take? It’s easy to come up with statements like Gbawe’s, but what practical systems can we put in place to ensure we learn from the past to prevent our possibly bleak future?

Suggestions or ideas, anyone?

Sometimes, some things can only follow after natural evolution complements deliberate efforts. I am talking of the sort of "natural evolution" that sees man gaining more useful intelligence because he is better read, more exposed, has more opportunities and has gained the lesson that must be learnt from the mistake of his fathers and forebears. I personally think Africans will naturally evolve enough politically to the extent we will make a decent job of leading ourselves. Leadership can rise up to be effective if the populace understand how to choose the most effective leaders, make minimum non-negotiable demands on such leaders and force them out if development is not seen.

The "deliberate effort" aspect is the efforts of the most intelligent and learned Africans in society doing their best sensitizing the majority, instead of cynically exploiting and deliberately dividing them, of the concept that power is vested in the people. Once the majority is aware of its powers, it will check misrule, brazen corruption and leadership ineptitude fairly easily and consistently. This is what Africa needs the most to move forward i.e an aware populace not afraid to make demands or show ineffective leaders the door.

We know for example that it is wrong for Nigeria , a very poor Nation, to currently exist under the bloated Governance in place currently. We know too that our federal structure is insincere and designed to enrich a small percentage of "leaders". The problem is that most Nigerians are not politically sophisticated enough to demand, with overwhelming majority action, that this must change.

In most Nations of the world where the majority are politically sophisticated, hideous misrule and corruption, such as seen in Africa, will simply not be tolerated. The position of leaders become untenable very quickly if they stray too far from delivering in relation to the resources at their disposal. Once quality leaders begin to come in and succeed each other continuously, the system will evolve and we will see African nation enjoying decent leadership. This is even the case now with strong showings from some African Nations erstwhile written off as "Basket cases".

From leading ourselves well at home, we will trade and deal with non-Africans more effectively. The key is getting the average African to be a politically sophisticated animal to the extent he will not stand for others misruling him. That is the job of evolution and everyone - especially the brightest plus best placed in society like leaders, scholars, social critic etc.
Re: “how Africans Under Develop Africa ” by Callotti: 5:41pm On Sep 02, 2012
Nice reading. . . the truth and nothing but the gospel truth!
So help me 'Okija shrine'! kiss

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Re: “how Africans Under Develop Africa ” by Nobody: 6:03pm On Sep 02, 2012
Well said
Re: “how Africans Under Develop Africa ” by pazienza(m): 1:32am On Sep 03, 2012
Nice thread,but i have to correct some misconceptions.

I don't know about other african tribes,but i know that even before the barbaric hellenes migrated from central asia to displace the original people occupying the ancient land called grecce today, igbo tribes were already practicing democracy. The greeks might have given democracy to the rest of the world,but not to igbo tribes.

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Re: “how Africans Under Develop Africa ” by TerryCarr(m): 9:56am On Sep 03, 2012
here are the Millennium Development Goals
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are eight international development goals that all 193 United Nations member states and at least 23 international organizations have agreed to achieve by the year 2015. The goals are:

1. eradicating extreme poverty and hunger,
2. achieving universal primary education,
3. promoting gender equality and empowering women
4. reducing child mortality rates,
5. improving maternal health,
6. combating HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases,
7. ensuring environmental sustainability, and
8. developing a global partnership for development
most African nations won't make them sad sad
Re: “how Africans Under Develop Africa ” by TerryCarr(m): 1:11am On Sep 04, 2012
Re: “how Africans Under Develop Africa ” by TerryCarr(m): 10:02pm On Sep 10, 2012
Re: “how Africans Under Develop Africa ” by Nobody: 11:46pm On Sep 12, 2012
awesome thread terry. smiley

I own a book about the DRC and Mobutu called "In the Footsteps of Mr. Kurtz: Living on the Brink of Disaster in Mobutu's Congo"

Man!!! That man right there? Straight up MADMAN!! undecided

Messed up what happened to P. Lumumba. The only thing remaining of that brother is a tooth which one of his Belgian friends keeps locked up and only showed once during an interview. undecided undecided

That is what the man got for wanting to rid DRC and all of Africa of colonial influence. Murder and defamation by Belgians and some of the very Africans he tried to represent. SMH.

This dictator attitude of the leaders MUST GO!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SrW7KTQ3PVY

These men are the cream of a large crop of megalomanic and psychotic 'leaders' that have plagued the African continent for the past forty years. The heartache, misery and suffering caused by these men is truly appalling.

In order of appearance:
Mobutu Sese Seko, Sani Abacha, Idi Amin Dada, Hastings Kamuzu Banda, Siad Barre, Jean Bedel Bokassa, P.W. Botha, Gnassingbe Eyadema, Muammar Gaddafi, Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Robert Mugabe, Macias Nguema, Jonas Savimbi, Ian Smith and Charles Taylor.

Paul Biya of Cameroon should have made that list. tongue

Africa needs to make men like them be just a thing of the PAST.
Ppl need to start voting for leaders based on what they DO and not what they SAY or how they look.
Re: “how Africans Under Develop Africa ” by Nobody: 11:49pm On Sep 12, 2012
THIS THREAD SHOULD MAKE FRONT PAGE!!

Like seriously!

1 Like

Re: “how Africans Under Develop Africa ” by akintun: 12:25am On Sep 13, 2012
I can't read dis now becos it is too long. D simple truth is dat Europeans are still under- developing African. We are in a trap and it would be very difficult 4 us to get out of it. African leaders are corrupt, and we would have been better off without dis corrupt leaders and greedy bankers, pension funds, and discount houses who milk d country daily. D Europeans make it extremely difficult 4 us to develop by borrowing us money at extremely high interest rate, and dey know dat no gov can succeed without borrowing. Just imagine if we can borrow money at d interest rate Europeans borrow.
Re: “how Africans Under Develop Africa ” by TerryCarr(m): 12:27am On Sep 13, 2012
akintun: I can't read dis now becos it is too long. D simple truth is dat Europeans are still under- developing African. We are in a trap and it would be very difficult 4 us to get out of it. African leaders are corrupt, and we would have been better off without dis corrupt leaders and greedy bankers, pension funds, and discount houses who milk d country daily. D Europeans make it extremely difficult 4 us to develop by borrowing us money at extremely high interest rate, and dey know dat no gov can succeed without borrowing. Just imagine if we can borrow money at d interest rate Europeans borrow.
you should sad
Re: “how Africans Under Develop Africa ” by PhysicsQED(m): 2:49am On Sep 13, 2012
MsDarkSkin:
This dictator attitude of the leaders MUST GO!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SrW7KTQ3PVY



Paul Biya of Cameroon should have made that list. tongue

Why is Felix Houphouet-Boigny on that list?

Also Jonas Savimbi never ruled his country and he and his group were directly funded by the West.
Re: “how Africans Under Develop Africa ” by TheDauraMallam: 9:47am On Jun 05, 2015
In this age of Information, ignorance is a choice. I have every single book and documentary I am recommending. Just ask and I'll send you download links.

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt3134580/
Sons of Africa (2014)
[img]http://pxhst.co/avaxhome/92/a2/0029a292.jpeg[/img]
57 min | Documentary, Adventure, Biography
Uganda's Idi Amin and Tanzania's Julius Nyerere were bitter enemies who went to war in 1978. Today, the dictator Amin is reviled as the 'Butcher of Uganda', while the socialist Nyerere is revered as the 'Founding Father of Tanzania.' Nyerere's army forced Amin and his family into exile in 1979, ending Idi Amin's blood soaked regime. In SONS OF AFRICA, the two leaders' sons attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain, on a journey of peace and reconciliation.


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyaTWKv44Hs

http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/3324803-historical-dictionary-of-civil-wars-in-africa
Historical Dictionary of Civil Wars in Africa (Historical Dictionaries of War, Revolution, and Civil Unrest) by Arnold Guy, Guy Arnold
[img]http://pxhst.co/avaxhome/0f/05/000b050f.jpeg[/img]
Ever since the end of World War II, and even more so since 1960, when seventeen African colonies became independent of colonial rule, the African continent has been ravaged by a series of wars. These wars have ranged from liberation struggles against former colonial powers to power struggles between different factions in the aftermath of independence. They have ranged from border wars between newly independent states to civil wars between ethnic groups. As with many conflicts, outside forces were drawn into these wars, and major powers outside the continent intervened on one side or the other for a variety of reasons: political ideology, Cold War considerations, ethnic alignments, and stemming the flow of violence.

Whether referring to Algeria's struggle for independence from French colonial rule, Nigeria's internal struggles to achieve a balanced state after the British departure, the Rwandan genocide of 1994, or the current ethnic cleansing in Darfur, the second edition of the Historical Dictionary of Civil Wars in Africa covers all of the wars that have occurred in Africa since independence. This is done through a chronology broken down by country, a list of acronyms and abbreviations, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and cross-referenced dictionary entries covering the wars, conflicts, major political and military figures, child soldiers, mercenaries, and blood diamonds


https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/20726932-where-the-air-is-sweet
Where the Air Is Sweet by Tasneem Jamal
[img]http://pxhst.co/avaxhome/dd/37/003037dd.jpeg[/img]
An epic family saga that charts three generations of an Indian family in Uganda

In 1972, dictator Idi Amin expelled 80,000 South Asians from Uganda. Though many had lived in East Africa for generations, they were forced to flee in ninety days as their country descended into a surreal vortex of chaos and murder.

Spanning the years between 1921 and 1975, Where the Air Is Sweet tells the story of Raju, a young Indian man drawn to Africa by the human impulse to seek a better life, and three generations of his family, who carve a life for themselves in a racially stratified colonial and post-colonial society. Where the Air Is Sweet is the story of a family: their loves, their griefs and, finally, their sudden expulsion at the hands of one of the world's most terrifying tyrants.


https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/550133.Unspeakable_Truths
Unspeakable Truths: Confronting State Terror and Atrocity by by Priscilla B. Hayner
[img]http://pxhst.co/avaxhome/9d/e6/0031e69d.jpeg[/img]
This book is a profound exploration of truth commissions around the world, and the anguish, injustice, and the legacy of hate they are meant to absolve. Hayner examines twenty major truth commissions established around the world paying special attention to South Africa, El Salvador, Argentina, Chile, and Guatemala.
Re: “how Africans Under Develop Africa ” by Nobody: 8:07am On Jun 21, 2021
We thought it was at it worst then, look at Africa now
Re: “how Africans Under Develop Africa ” by IJOBA11: 9:30am On Jun 21, 2021
MTSEEEEEEEW I WAS EXPECTING TO HEAR YOUR INTERNALISTS AND EXTERNALISTS ARGUMENTS angry
Re: “how Africans Under Develop Africa ” by ivolt: 9:36am On Jun 21, 2021
You have to be very blind to blame "whites" for Africa's predicaments.

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