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Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... - Culture - Nairaland

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Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by Nobody: 8:00pm On Feb 15, 2013
Malinke People

The Mandinka, Malinke (also known as Mandinko or Mandingo) are one of the largest ethnic groups in West Africa with an estimated population of eleven million (the other 3 major ethnic groups in the region being the non-related Fula, Hausa and Songhai). They belong to the larger Mandé group of peoples.
They are the descendants of the Mali Empire, which rose to power under the rule of the great Mandinka king Sundiata Keita. The Mandinka in turn belong to West Africa's largest ethnolinguistic group, the Mandé, who account for more than twenty million people (including the Dyula, Bozo, Bissa and Bambara). Today, over 99% of Mandinka in Africa are Muslim.[1][2]
The Mandinka live primarily in West Africa, particularly in the Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Sierra Leone, Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Liberia, Guinea-Bissau, Niger, Mauritania and even small communities in the central African nation of Chad. Although widespread, the Mandinka do not form the largest ethnic group in any of the countries in which they live except the Gambia. Most Mandinkas live in family-related compounds in traditional rural villages. Mandinka villages are fairly autonomous and self-ruled, being led by a chief and group of elders. Mandinkas live in an oral society. Learning is traditionally done through stories, songs and proverbs.
Originally from Mali, the Mandinka gained their independence from previous empires in the thirteenth century, and founded an empire which stretched across West Africa. They migrated west from the Niger River in search of better agricultural lands and more opportunities for conquest. Through a series of conflicts, primarily with the Fula-led Kingdom of Fouta Djallon, about half of the Mandinka population converted from indigenous beliefs to Islam. During the 16th, 17th and 18th century as many as a third of the Mandinka population were enslaved and shipped to the Americas through capture in conflict and therefore a significant portion of the African Americans in the United States are descended from the Mandinka people.[3]

History

See also: Mali Empire
The Mandinka migrated west from the Niger River basin in search of better agricultural, land, and more opportunities for conquest. The Mandés founded the empire of Kaabu, comprising twenty small kingdoms. Some upper-class or urban Mandinkas converted to Islam during the reign of the great Mansa Musa (1312–1337 AD).
The majority of the Mandinka were still animists at the beginning of the 18th century. Through a series of conflicts, primarily with the Fula-led Kingdom of Fouta Djallon and amongst sub-states of the Kaabu, about half of the Senegambian Mandinka were converted to Islam while as many as a third were sold into slavery to the Americas through capture in conflict. Today, the majority of Mandinka are Muslim. A significant portion of African-Americans in North America are descended from Mandinka people.[3]


Sketch map of West Africa to show area of Mandinka peoples, languages and influence, 1906
In eastern areas (northern Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso and Southern Mali), Mandinka communities are often built around long distance trade routes. These people, often called Dyula after the Mandé word for "merchant", built communities in trading centers, spaced along trade routes, and near mining and agricultural centers, beginning during the Mali Empire. These merchant networks formed the lynchpin of trade between the desert-side upper Niger River cities (Djenné and Timbuktu, for example), highland production areas (the goldfields of Bambouk or agricultural centre of Kankan), and the coast. This last link became more important with the advent of Portuguese and other European trading posts in the 17th century, and much of the overland trade connecting the coast and interior (including the African slave trade) was controlled by Dyula merchants.


Sketch map of West Africa to show area of Mandinka peoples, languages and influence, 1906

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandinka_people

1 Like

Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by Nobody: 8:03pm On Feb 15, 2013
Population in all country: 13 Million ( this might be an underestimation)

The Gambia 714,000 (42%)
Guinea 3,063,431 (30%)
Mali 2,638 988 (22%)
Côte d'Ivoire 3,123,420 (20%)
Burkina Faso 1,984,200 (15%)
Niger 1,900,901 (15%)
Guinea-Bissau 208,180 (13%)
Mauritania 306 900 (10%)
Sierra Leone 465,813 (8%)
Liberia 245,300 (7.4%)
Senegal 687,822 (7%)
Chad 461,785 (5%)


Subdivisions

The Manding tongues, and what distinguishes one from the rest and relationships among all of them are matters that continue to be researched. In addition, the nomenclature - being a mixture of indigenous terms and words applied by English and French speakers since before colonization - makes the picture complex and even confusing.
The Mandinka people speak varieties from the first two groups; the differences between the western and eastern branches manifest themselves primarily phonetically. While dialects of the western group usually have 10 vowels (5 oral and 5 long/nasal), the eastern group, typified by Bambara, has 14 vowels (7 oral and 7 nasal):

Manding-West
Kassonke – Western Maninka (Mali, Senegal)
Mandinka (Senegal, Gambia)
Kita Maninka (Mali)
Jahanka (Guinea; one of several dialects under this name)


Manding-East
Marka (Dafin) (Burkina Faso)
Bambara–Dyula (Northeastern Manding; Mali, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast)
Eastern Maninka (Southeastern Manding; multiple varieties)
Bolon (Burkina Faso)
In addition, Sininkere (Burkina Faso) is of unclear placement within Manding.
Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by pazienza(m): 8:13pm On Feb 15, 2013
There is really a need to re-draw the colonial map of africa. There is no need why people of the same stock should be balkanized by people who know nothing about them.

2 Likes

Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by Nobody: 8:13pm On Feb 15, 2013
Mandinka Sudivision of Cote d'Ivoire

Northwest
Maninka Forest
Wassulu
Koyaka
Diomande
Toura
Mahou
Mahouka
Wodienekan

Northeast
Dioula/Dyula

Related group: Soninke

Mandinka faces from Cote d'Ivoire



[img]http://rs.gapmultimedia.eu/pictures/2409/2409_125743.jpg[/img]



2 Likes

Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by Nobody: 8:23pm On Feb 15, 2013

2 Likes

Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by Nobody: 8:25pm On Feb 15, 2013
pazienza: There is really a need to re-draw the colonial map of africa. There is no need why people of the same stock should be balkanized by people who know nothing about them.

yea true
Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by Nobody: 8:28pm On Feb 15, 2013
will be back
Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by Nobody: 5:18am On Mar 01, 2013
Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by Nobody: 2:52am On Mar 09, 2013
Update this Wonderful Thread When you Get a Chance smiley
Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by Nobody: 2:54am On Mar 09, 2013
i will, looking for more info wink
Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by Nobody: 6:32am On Mar 09, 2013
You Shoulda Put that Pretty Black Lady I posted in the other thread in Here. These Ha People.
Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by Nobody: 6:54am On Mar 09, 2013
♥Royal♥Charm♥:
You Shoulda Put that Pretty Black Lady I posted in the other thread in Here. These Ha People.

nah, she aint Mandinka lol
Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by Nobody: 6:55am On Mar 09, 2013
What is She?...

You Can Tell By Her Name?
Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by Nobody: 6:59am On Mar 09, 2013
♥Royal♥Charm♥:
What is She?...

You Can Tell By Her Name?

yea by her name she is southern akan (Avikam or Alladjan)
Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by Nobody: 7:01am On Mar 09, 2013
Sybellah:

yea by her name she is southern akan (Avikam or Alladjan)


*Takes Notes*

Can you Write 5 Southern Akan(Avikam or Alladjan) Last Names for me quickly please?
smiley
Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by Nobody: 7:11am On Mar 09, 2013
♥Royal♥Charm♥:



*Takes Notes*

Can you Write 5 Southern Akan(Avikam or Alladjan) Last Names for me quickly please?
smiley

Bogui, Cayo and maybe Diby (Diby is common among Akan), the Avikam are almost extinct lool kd, but they are very few
i can't think of 5, i don't know them well
Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by Nobody: 7:13am On Mar 09, 2013
Sysy:

Bogui, Cayo and maybe Diby (Diby is common among Akan), the Avikam are almost extinct lool kd, but they are very few
i can't think of 5, i don't know them well
extinct? What do u mean?
Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by Nobody: 7:14am On Mar 09, 2013
CAMEROONPRIDE: extinct? What do u mean?

en voi de dispa.
ils ne sont pas beaucoup oooh
Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by Nobody: 7:18am On Mar 09, 2013
Sysy:

en voi de dispa.
ils ne sont pas beaucoup oooh
ont les as tue? Ou bien ils sont juste pas nombreux
Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by Nobody: 4:57pm On Mar 09, 2013
CAMEROONPRIDE: ont les as tue? Ou bien ils sont juste pas nombreux

naa ils sont peu nombreux c'est pour ca
Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by Nobody: 8:52pm On Mar 09, 2013
Bambara language

Bambara, also known as Bamana, and Bamanankan by speakers of the language, is a language spoken in Mali, and to a lesser extent Burkina Faso and Senegal, by as many as six million people (including second language users). The Bambara language is the language of people of the Bambara ethnic group, numbering about 4,000,000 people, but serves also as a lingua franca in Mali (it is estimated that about 80 percent of the population speak it as a first or second language). It is a Subject–object–verb language and has two tones.

Classification

Bambara is a language/dialect of the Manding language cluster, a cluster of languages whose ethnic-speakers generally trace their cultural history to the ancient city of Manding, where modern-day Kita, Mali now exists.[2] Bambara is classified as part of the larger, very broad Mandé group. Dialects of Manding are generally considered (among native speakers) to be mutually intelligible – dependent on exposure or familiarity with dialects between speakers – and spoken by approximately 20 million people in the countries Burkina Faso, Senegal, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast and the Gambia.[3]


The historic extent of the Bambara people.

Alphabet and litterature


t uses seven vowels a, e, ɛ, i, o, ɔ and u (the letters approximate their IPA equivalents). Writing was introduced during the French occupation and literacy is limited, especially in rural areas. Although written literature is only slowly evolving (due to the predominance of French as the "language of the educated"wink, there exists a wealth of oral literature, which is often tales of kings and heroes. This oral literature is mainly tradited by the "Griots" (Jɛliw in Bambara) who are a mixture of storytellers, praise singers and human history books who have studied the trade of singing and reciting for many years. Many of their songs are very old and are said to date back to the old kingdom of Mali.

Geographical Distribution

Bambara is spoken throughout Mali as a lingua franca. The language is most widely spoken in the areas east, south, and northeast of Bamako, where native speakers and/or those that identify as members of the Bambara ethnic group are most densely populated. These regions are also usually considered to be the historical geographical origin of Bambara people, particularly Segou, Sikasso, after diverging from other Manding groups.[4]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bambara_language
Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by Nobody: 8:56pm On Mar 09, 2013
Soninke Language

The Soninke language (Soninke: Sooninkanxanne[1]) is a Mande language spoken by the Soninke people of West Africa. The language has an estimated 1,096,795 speakers, primarily located in Mali, and also (in order of numerical importance of the communities) in Senegal, Ivory Coast, The Gambia, Mauritania, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea and Ghana. It enjoys the status of a national language in Mali, Senegal, and Mauritania.
The language is relatively homogeneous, with only slight phonological, lexical, and grammatical variations.
Linguistically, its nearest relatives are the Bozo languages, centered around the Inner Niger Delta.
It is may be that the Imraguen and Nemadi are dialects of Soninke, but this is not certain.

Total population by countries

Population totale 1 703 000 (estim. 2009)

Populations significatives par régions
Mali 976 000
Sénégal 260 000
Gambie 160 000
Côte d'Ivoire 154 000
Mauritanie 140 000
France 9 300
Guinée-Bissau 5 200
Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by Nobody: 9:06pm On Mar 09, 2013
Soninke different names according to their region:

Aswanik, Dafing, Dafi, Dyakanke, Gadyaga, Maraka, Maraxa, Marka, Marka Soninké, Saracole, Sarakolé, Sarakollé, Sarakule, Sarawule, Saraxole, Seraculeh, Serahuli, Serakhulle, Silabe, Soniake, Soninkés, Sonninké, Toubakai, Wakore1.

Saracole by the Wolof
Toubakai or Wakore by the Songhai
Maraka by the Bambaras
Wangara by the Malinkes


Names of Soninke origins (note that these names are also common with the Mandinka and Bambara): Cisse, Toure, Doucoure (Dukureh), Barro, Kante, Drame, Kamara, Kebe, Sylla, Cissoko, Soumare

They are mainly Muslim Sunnit.
Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by Nobody: 9:16pm On Mar 09, 2013
Wassulu Language


Wassulu region in West Africa

Wassoulou (var. Wassulu, Wassalou, Ouassalou) is an historic region in southwest Mali, northeast Guinea (Prefectures of Kankan, Kerouané, Beyla, and Siguiri) and the area west of the Sankarani river and south of the Niger River in Mali and Côte d'Ivoire. Centered around the town of Yanfolila, (in the Cercle of Yanfolila, and the Sikasso Region, 150 km south of Bamako), historic Wassoulou has an estimated population of 160,000. Other towns in Wassoulou include Madina Diassa and Bougouni. The region is named for the Wassoulou river valley.
Wassoulou is not the name of any formal governmental entity in any of the three modern nations into which it falls, but rather an historic, cultural region. It should not be confused with the formal Regions of Mali, the Regions of Côte d'Ivoire, or the Regions of Guinea.

Culture

Wassoulou is best known internationally as the birthplace of Wassoulou music, a style which blends traditional and modern influences with strong female vocalists and a pentatonic hunter's harp. Wassoulou music is one of the two forms of West African music ethnomusicologists believe to be the origin of the American blues, which developed out of music forms dating back to the American slave trade from West Africa. Some of the most famous residents of Wassoulou include the singers Oumou Sangare, Ramata Diakite and Coumba Sidibe.
Wassoulou's cultural importance is reflected in the development of internet resources, and the creation of Radio Wassoulou broadcasting from Yanfolila.
[edit]Language
Wassoulou is also a dialect of the Eastern Maninkakan language, and is closely related to Kankan Mandinka. Speakers of Wassoulou number some 73,500 in Guinea, with 41,200 speakers estimated in Mali, where the closely related Bamanankan is also spoken. In the far northwest of Côte d'Ivoire there are some 21,000 Wassoulou speakers, where it is related to Wojenaka Maninka.
Inhabitants are known as Wassulu, Wassulunka or Wassulunke.

History

The Wassoulou area is a center for the mingling of several ethnic groups. The nomadic Fula people, who were believed to have emigrated from the Fouta Djallon highlands to the west, integrated into the indigenous Mandé people and adopting their language and customs sometime prior to the 18th century, at roughly the same time Islam spread into the area. There are also large populations of Bambara peoples native to Wassoulou.
Wassoulou is also the name of an Islamic state, the Wassoulou Empire (1870-1898), ruled by Samori Ture and centered around his capital, Bissandugu. Samori overthrew the older Wassoulou state of Fama Dyanabufarina Modi in 1870, and expanded his empire from there, taking the Wassoulou name. While the history of the Mandinka Wassoulou states remain unclear, the small kingdoms of Kenedugu and Wassulu existed from at least the 1650s CE, benefiting from gold mining and trade in the area.
Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by Nobody: 9:18pm On Mar 09, 2013
Wassulu Empire

will be back
Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by BlackKenichi(m): 9:42pm On Mar 09, 2013
I didn't know there were/are Mande speaking peoples in Ghana!
Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by Nobody: 9:45pm On Mar 09, 2013
Black Kenichi: I didn't know there were/are Mande speaking peoples in Ghana!

yea me neither, i thought their north was mainly Gur speaking, should ask maybe otumfour if these info are accurate
Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by Nobody: 7:21am On Mar 10, 2013
The School Teacher up in this bish...

God I Love Ms. Bellz Posts.

Im Up in Her Classroom Everyday, #LowKey
Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by Nobody: 8:01am On Mar 10, 2013
roflll smh
Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by Nobody: 4:59pm On Mar 13, 2013
smiley
Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by manutayo(m): 3:00pm On Mar 14, 2013
..
Re: Mandinka/Malinke/Dioula people of Mali, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Burkina... by Nobody: 3:01am On Mar 15, 2013
I post what I find smiley if u find any those bootilicious pics, may u please post it? Thx

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