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Zika virus is transmitted to people primarily
through
the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito.
These
are the same mosquitoes that
spread dengueand chikungunya viruses.
These mosquitoes typically lay eggs in and near
standing water in things like buckets, bowls,
animal
dishes, flower pots and vases. They prefer to
bite
people, and live indoors and outdoors near
people.
Mosquitoes that spread chikungunya, dengue,
and
Zika are aggressive daytime biters. They can
also
bite at night.
Mosquitoes become infected when they feed on
a
person already infected with the virus. Infected
mosquitoes can then spread the virus to other
people through bites.
Rarely, from mother to child
A mother already infected with Zika virus near
the
time of delivery can pass on the virus to her
newborn around the time of birth, but this is
rare.
It is possible that Zika virus could be passed
from
mother to fetus during pregnancy. This mode of
transmission is being investigated.
To date, there are no reports of infants getting
Zika
virus through breastfeeding. Because of the
benefits
of breastfeeding, mothers are encouraged to
breastfeed even in areas where Zika virus is
found.
Through infected blood or sexual contact
Spreads of the virus through blood transfusion
and
sexual contact have been reported.
Symptoms
About 1 in 5 people infected with Zika virus
become
ill (i.e., develop Zika).
The most common symptoms of Zika are fever,
rash,
joint pain, or conjunctivitis (red eyes). Other
common symptoms include muscle pain and
headache. The incubation period (the time from
exposure to symptoms) for Zika virus disease is
not
known, but is likely to be a few days to a week.
The illness is usually mild with symptoms lasting
for
several days to a week.
Zika virus usually remains in the blood of an
infected person for a few days but it can be
found
longer in some people.
Severe disease requiring hospitalization is
uncommon.
Deaths are rare.
Diagnosis
The symptoms of Zika are similar to those
ofdengue and chikungunya, diseases spread
through
the same mosquitoes that transmit Zika.
See your healthcare provider if you develop the
symptoms described above and have visited an
area
where Zika is found.
If you have recently traveled, tell your
healthcare
provider when and where you travelled.
Your healthcare provider may order blood tests
to
look for Zika or other similar viruses like
dengue or
chikungunya.
Treatment
No vaccine or medications are available to
prevent
or treat Zika infections.
Treat the symptoms:
Get plenty of rest.
Drink fluids to prevent dehydration.
Take medicine such as acetaminophen to relieve
fever and pain.
Do not take aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), like ibuprofen
and
naproxen. Aspirin and NSAIDs should be
avoided
until dengue can be ruled out to reduce the risk
of
haemorrhage (bleeding). If you are taking
medicine for another medical condition, talk to
your healthcare provider before taking
additional
medication.
If you have Zika,prevent mosquito bites for the
first
week of your illness.
During the first week of infection, Zika virus
can
be found in the blood and passed from an
infected
person to another mosquito through mosquito
bites.
An infected mosquito can then spread the virus
to
other people.
Prevention
No vaccine exists to prevent Zika virus disease
(Zika).
Prevent Zika by avoiding mosquito bites (see
below).
Mosquitoes that spread Zika virus bite mostly
during the daytime.
Mosquitoes that spread Zika virus also spread
dengue and chikungunya viruses.
When travelling to countries where Zika virus
or
other viruses spread by mosquitoes are found,
take
the following steps:
Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants.
Stay in places with air conditioning or that use
window and door screens to keep mosquitoes
outside.
Sleep under a mosquito bed net if you are
overseas
or outside and are not able to protect yourself
from
mosquito bites.
UseEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA)-
registered insect repellents. All EPA-registered
insect
repellents are evaluated for effectiveness.
Always follow the product label instructions
Reapply insect repellent as directed.
Do not spray repellent on the skin under
clothing.
If you are also using sunscreen, apply sunscreen
before applying insect repellent.
If you have a baby or child:
Do not use insect repellent on babies younger
than 2 months of age.
Dress your child in clothing that covers arms
and
legs, or
Cover crib, stroller, and baby carrier with
mosquito netting.
Do not apply insect repellent onto a child’s
hands,
eyes, mouth, and cut or irritated skin.
Adults: Spray insect repellent onto your hands
and
then apply to a child’s face.
Treat clothing and gear with permethrin or
purchase
permethrin-treated items.
Treated clothing remains protective after
multiple
washings. See product information to learn how
long the protection will last.
If treating items yourself, follow the product
instructions carefully.
Do NOT use permethrin products directly on
skin.
They are intended to treat clothing.
If you have Zika, protect others from getting
sick
During the first week of infection, Zika virus
can be
found in the blood and passed from an infected
person to another mosquito through mosquito
bites.
An infected mosquito can then spread the virus
to
other people.
To help prevent others from getting sick, avoid
mosquito bites during the first week of illness.
Countries and territories with active Zika virus
transmission
AMERICAS
Barbados
Bolivia
Brazil
Colombia
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, US territory
Costa Rica
Curacao
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
French Guiana
Guadeloupe
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Martinique
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Saint Martin
Suriname
S. Virgin Islands
Venezuela
OCEANIA/PACIFIC ISLANDS
American Samoa
Samoa
AFRICA
Cape Verde