Hey yo!! I am Dekatron. . . Unlike teempa.kguy and johnydon22, I am not well known on here. . . . Well, I am an Engineering student , I feel happy with practicals than theory. The mentioned guys are Students of Pure Sciences (physics).




Without wasting much time, I'd be taking us through BASIC ELECTRONICS. It gon be a continuous series - up until level of ROBOTICS (Lol. Okay, scaring you?? Naahh!! The discipline isn't that hard like you think- its hard though, no lie) . . . . I plan to start a blog on this but then. . . .nairaland is family!!






Brief profile :-

Name :- Dekatron


Hobby(ies) :- Electronics, programming (not so beginner in Java, beginner in C++, boss in QBASIC, Enthusiast in FORTRAN, beginner in Python, More than Enthusiast, but not professional in Arduino C)


Discipline :- EEE


Level :- 200



Anyway . . . . I'd love to cc some bawsses :-

teempakguy, johnydon22, aksat (actually, he made me love Electronics even more. He told me about microcontrollers), princejude ( I always price something from him, but never bought anything. The time I wanted to buy, that I had cash , he didn't have) antiparticle (he holds a PhD in EEE, works at the top processor making company HQ. . . Also my sponsor. You na boss). I'd like to call him 'Dr' here. . Usisky, baba11 (meself don learn EEE ) . . . . Robinhez, sirwere, mathchic, . . . Others!!

following like CIA Agent

Okay, so. . . Shall we start??




Due to the fact that I have seen so so so many ARDUINO tutorials, that are . . . Well, abandoned with no proper tutorials, I took it on myself to one day, come back here to teach the same. .


So, list (basic) for this tutorial :-
1. Arduino board (I use the MOST COMMON duino -- the almighty arduino uno R3) you can get at

www.jutronix.com , www.hub360.com , www.khispa.com


Cc :- princejude, hub360, khispa :- anybody that wants to be the official vendor for this glorious thread (trust me, it will blow), holla me through my number. . . . Henceforth, do not be pissed if my prices don't agree with your prices as I am not your official partner here.

I bought my uno for #3,000


2. Multimeter (not necessarily the 7,000 ones. . . . The one I would be using cost me just #450) . . Preferably digital. . . Why digital?? Remind me to tell you the reason later on.


3. Jumper wires (costs #350 or so on www.khispa.com . . . You can get female to male , male to male. .

Lemme explain :- just like female humans have kitty-cat, jumper wires have 'heads that contain holes'. When you slot the 'male head' that looks like pin into the female head, it 'keys' together to form part of the completed circuit. . . We shall see later on.



4. Diode. . . This is my BEST component!! Costs around 5-10 naira per piece on jutronix.com . . One thing is that :- jutronix replies on time & also the more you buy, the less you pay per commodity!! . . .


6. Resistors -- they are the MOST USED electronic component. . Am sure you that are science students did 'RESISTOR CONNECTION IN SERIES AND PARALLEL' during SSCE (physics)


Potentiometers/switches :- for varying resistance, thus light and volume regulation. . . We all know what switches do na


LED :- They are types of diodes. . . LEDs emit light when they are biased in a forward manner. . . Simply, the are directional components.


Optional :-

Transistors :- Amplify current/signals




Anything I forgot, I'd add as time goes on!!


Leggo. . . First, we talk about all the above we mentioned.

Kul

Registers my presences grabs seat and sips river Niger water ...

beginner in C++, boss in QBASIC, Enthusiast in FORTRAN, beginner in Python, More than Enthusiast, but not professional in Arduino C)

WTF is this English bro English

Yay ! I have always wanted to read an arduino tutorial here.
Following like fangirls on twitter

johnydon22:
Registers my presences grabs seat and sips river Niger water ...



WTF is this English bro English

in english.

"If conputers were dragons, I would be a dragon lord. If they were pythons, I would be harry potter. I wine and dine with code, I speak with solid state intelligence. I am programmer."

[quote author=johnydon22 post=44784750][/quote]in layman english.
"I know how to communicate with computers and calculating machines"

Follows thread

I FORGOT SOMETHING VERY VERY IMPORTANT :-


Breadboard.


I hated BB before, but its really really a necessary component.



We have two three division of boards (lemme call it that). We have :-
Permanent - PCB
Temporary - BB
Semi-permanent - VB

PCB = Printed circuit boards

VB = VEROBOARD/PERFBOARDS

Bread boards = BB





our circuit would be hosted/built on a board. . . Boards allow conduction of current among our components. . Boards allow the current to flow from one part to another. . . Later we shall see definitions.




@y'all welcome

teempakguy, you know C for Arduino?? You na boss na. You will learn it sharpaly


johnydon22. E mean say :- I have idea about Java (more than a beginner), I am proficient in QBASIC, I know Arduino C to a level I can write fairly complex codes on my own without help, I can write fairly advanced FORTRAN programs, I can read and understand what a c++ program is, though I can't write pass 'hello world! , I can write little programs in python (Simple/Compound interest, Quadratic equation, etc) I started that like four days ago. . . . Na wetin I write o.



Loading . . .

Dekatron:


I FORGOT SOMETHING VERY VERY IMPORTANT :-


Breadboard.


I hated BB before, but its really really a necessary component.



We have two three division of boards (lemme call it that). We have :-
Permanent - PCB
Temporary - BB
Semi-permanent - VB

PCB = Printed circuit boards

VB = VEROBOARD/PERFBOARDS

Bread boards = BB





our circuit would be hosted/built on a board. . . Boards allow conduction of current among our components. . Boards allow the current to flow from one part to another. . . Later we shall see definitions.




@y'all welcome

teempakguy, you know C for Arduino?? You na boss na. You will learn it sharpaly


johnydon22. E mean say :- I have idea about Java (more than a beginner), I am proficient in QBASIC, I know Arduino C to a level I can write fairly complex codes on my own without help, I can write fairly advanced FORTRAN programs, I can read and understand what a c++ program is, though I can't write pass 'hello world! , I can write little programs in python (Simple/Compound interest, Quadratic equation, etc) I started that like four days ago. . . . Na wetin I write o.



Loading . . .

just keep em coming, mate.

Even if I can't keep up with individual updates, I will read in bulk. You just saved me the trouble of hunting for arduino for dummies pdf.

Eventually, I will learn C . Right now, I have a mountain of skills to master. But I'll definitely get to electronics.

Dekatron:


I FORGOT SOMETHING VERY VERY IMPORTANT :-


Breadboard.


I hated BB before, but its really really a necessary component.



We have two three division of boards (lemme call it that). We have :-
Permanent - PCB
Temporary - BB
Semi-permanent - VB

PCB = Printed circuit boards

VB = VEROBOARD/PERFBOARDS

Bread boards = BB





our circuit would be hosted/built on a board. . . Boards allow conduction of current among our components. . Boards allow the current to flow from one part to another. . . Later we shall see definitions.




@y'all welcome

teempakguy, you know C for Arduino?? You na boss na. You will learn it sharpaly


johnydon22. E mean say :- I have idea about Java (more than a beginner), I am proficient in QBASIC, I know Arduino C to a level I can write fairly complex codes on my own without help, I can write fairly advanced FORTRAN programs, I can read and understand what a c++ program is, though I can't write pass 'hello world! , I can write little programs in python (Simple/Compound interest, Quadratic equation, etc) I started that like four days ago. . . . Na wetin I write o.



Loading . . .

I love your passion for programming. As we all know that passion and intelligence are the greatest abilities that humanity possess.

To boost your programming skills bro, I wanna ask if you are an advocate of discrete mathematics, automata, formal and propositional logic, complex variables (just insights), and pseudo code & algorithm?

All those languages are just instructional dialects (syntax) used in communicating with the computer.


I also have passion for embedded systems, microcontroller design, robotics and mechatronics.

I will see if I can derive the passion from here.
As for the multimeter, am using analogue type and not digital.
Hope that is not a concern?

HCpaul:


I love your passion for programming. As we all know that passion and intelligence are the greatest abilities that humanity possess.

To boost your programming skills bro, I wanna ask if you are an advocate of discrete mathematics, automata, formal and propositional logic, complex variables (just insights), and pseudo code & algorithm?

All those languages are just instructional dialects (syntax) used in communicating with the computer.


I also have passion for embedded systems, microcontroller design, robotics and mechatronics.

I will see if I can derive the passion from here.
As for the multimeter, am using analogue type and not digital.
Hope that is not a concern?

I am familiar with algorithms and pseudocodes. . I used them before doing a major programming exercise. . Yes, I am interested in WHATEVER mathematical. . Though I am not exceptionally bright in it.




As for the multimeter, no problem. . . Though it requires more expertise to understand very well without stopping to read (values) very well. . . If for sensing alone, analogues are better. . . But for better values, digitals it is. . All in all, NO PROBLEM!!

Dekatron:




I am familiar with algorithms and pseudocodes. . I used them before doing a major programming exercise. . Yes, I am interested in WHATEVER mathematical. . Though I am not exceptionally bright in it.




As for the multimeter, no problem. . . Though it requires more expertise to understand very well without stopping to read (values) very well. . . If for sensing alone, analogues are better. . . But for better values, digitals it is. . All in all, NO PROBLEM!!

Thanks bro....
Am highly interested in your tutorials.
I cherish your mentality.

Heard my name....Anyways, Are you a Physicist, Computer Engineer, or Elect/Elect Engineer.
For all your microcontrollers/ arduino
components and shields buy from us on
konga ; konga.com/faithtechnologies.
Fast Nationwide Delivery Guaranteed.
Also visit my NL thread for updates on your next arduino projects

Say whaaaa?

arduino:
Heard my name....Anyways, Are you a Physicist, Computer Engineer, or Elect/Elect Engineer.
For all your microcontrollers/ arduino
components and shields buy from us on
konga ; konga.com/faithtechnologies.
Fast Nationwide Delivery Guaranteed.
Also visit my NL thread for updates on your next arduino projects

I never called you. I just mentioned a microcontroller unit.



You want to advertise on MY thread? Contact me!




Hello guys. Today, we'd be talking about the components we mentioned yesterday. Resistors, diodes, capacitors.

Okay. . Guys. . . So, I uhm . . Couldn't continue with the update. . I was on my way to the electronics store to get some stuffs





Anyway . . As I waa saying, we'd talk about the components today. . . However, the android phone I'd have used to upload pictures is dead. . That means that pictures would come LATER.




So, whats a resistor??


Just like I'd tell my students (I teach JAMB, POST-JAMB, NECO, WAEC, SSS3 classes PHYSICS, MATH and little Chemistry & biology. . . Met some girls sha. . story for another day), I am not going to tell you TEXTBOOK definition. I'd EXPLAIN IT!!



A resistor to simply put, is an electronic component that offers opposition to the amount of current (I) flowing in a circuit. . See it like this :- Water flows in a pipe, then you block it, but allow the obstacle to have a hole to come out. Definitely, the amount of water flow from the pipe would become smaller. .



Voltage is the water, current is the rate at which the water flows. RESISTOR is the obstacle. Just as you would have the amount of holes (which is directly proportional to water flow) differs due to some reasons, likewise resistors have varying RESISTANCE (amount of opposition to flow of current). Its measured in ohms. . . . We have many values :- 1k (NB - When I say K, I mean 1,000 or 10^3), 220k, 270k, 10k . .. . Etc. . . I wrote a program in java to calculate the value of the resistance. How??



Every resistor (through hole which we would be using here as we are not doing PCB) has COLOUR BANDS. What did I say?? COLOUR BANDS!! It has bands of colours and each colour means something.

Black = 0,
Brown =1
Red = 2
. . . Like that. . I'd write in full. I dont want to forget some things as I am typing from head. . .


So, you just put the value of your colours in my program & bam!! You've got the answer!! We have MANY software like that (Apps) on Google play. . Download if you don't wanna cram how each resistor looks like to know their values.



The bands are of different numbers. We have :- 3,4,5 bands. . .


Confused?? Don't be.



When you see a resistor, it has colour bands or lemme say :- STRIPES. .These stripes vary from 3 - 5 numbers.


Take for example :-

The resistor has three bands. The first is red. Second black, third white. . And it has a golden colour as the EXTREME colour. The resistor's value in ohms is :-

Red = 1.
Black = 0
White = 9.
VALUE = 10 *10^9 ohms.

The first colour is red which has a value of 1. You write that down.

The second colour is black which is 0. You write it TOGETHER with the value 1. Making 10. . You dont multiply like that o.

Then, 10 is constant. Since we have three bands, the third would :-

10 raised to power that colour. In this case, white which is 9. Therefore it is 10^9


You get me??



The last last colour which is gold means endurance. . Gold is 5% of the total value. ... In this case, find the 5% of 10 * 10^9 ohms. . Subtract it, from the initial value, then add it.


When you subtract, you get a value. Thats the minimum range possible the resistor can take. When you add, thats the max. So, that is the range (lowest to highest)





Another way apart from using softwares/Apps and calcuator, it is to use what we call :-

MULTIMETER. Thats a tutorial on its own.

Now, any question on Resistors?? Atleast for now??

No shares, No likes, No comments. . . . . . Mtcheww

Dekatron:
No shares, No likes, No comments. . . . . . Mtcheww

hehehe
Class rep said we shouldn't disturb the class with unnecessary noise (shares, likes and comments) when lectures are going on...

Nobody cares if I am alive or dead.....anyway, had phone and data prob...




So.... we stopped at RESISTORS. . We've talked about reading them.



so...... lets briefly talk about diodes!!


the first pic is of resistors....the second is for diode

Dekatron naa

Following..
Would be glad if you can start with the basics, all those PMB, VB, ACB sounds Italian to me
I'm considering the thought of going into Programming..

Hey guys!! I had only Whatsapp data plans. That's why I haven't come to update the thread.... Be back in a bit....... Teem, pele.. Lol

Still following

Hey!! I am not dead yet!! Serious apologies to them gus that are still following…. Besides, my PC has spoilt and it hasn’t been funny at all. Apologies once again.



I am going to save us a lot of bullshit and just jump into one of the main koko of the thread- how to use an Arduino board.


Wait!! Do you know what an Arduino board is? Hahaha!! Sounds funny and ridiculous – I know. But no offence!! Even Sheldon Cooper doesn’t know everything! Let us briefly talk about it.

Arduino is a microcontroller development board. A microcontroller is an IC (Integrated -circuit) that is really smart. It has its own memory inbuilt and quite small- since it is actually a more specific something. A microcontroller works on the principle of logic gates and ….well; let us just stop there for now.
Have you ever wondered how eateries and shops and supermarkets do their this ‘sliding message’? have you ever wondered how the car key remote works or how the automatic pumping machine works? Or how the DVD know where you stopped the particular disc or how a microwave knows that a particular temperature has been reached and should make a sound and display the status? Well, like I promised, I am here to do my best in clearing these ‘HEADACHES’ you have been having. The answer to all of the above is something we call: A MICROCONTROLLER. It is small and have some legs (some have just 6 while some have over 30) and can be used for virtually any cool thing you can think of.
The problem however , with microcontrollers is that it does a specific job and its memories (RAM and ROM) are very much limited and so small that they are most measured in ‘kb’ (kilobyte). Imagine your PC having a 1kb RAM/32kb ROM. Funny!! Luckily, your PC has a microprocessor not a microcontroller. Instead of having its memories built in, it has a RAM slot and HDD-Hard disc drive or SSD – Solid state drive SSD. A microprocessor also has the ability to do many things at a time. These are the direct opposite of a microcontroller, and are the major differences.
So our dear Arduino is one of these. As time goes on, we will see more wonders of Arduino/microcontrollers

Reregister's presence.....


Truth be told, I've always seen this part of tech as bulky, cumbersome, and akward since it requires highly specialized (and expensive ) equipment and a very detailed specialized knowldege on the subject matter...



Eyin enigneer, we throway yansh for you




Following the thread back like .......... I dunno why, my brain is just on low humor today

Arduino tutorial I
Last time, I made an introduction about the little almighty ARDUINO microcontroller board. I want to take time to iterate some things.
1. Arduino is a MICROCONTROLLER BOARD. It is a BOARD, not a microcontroller itself. Arduino has a microcontroller inside. “Err, Dekatron, I am now confused. What on earth do you mean?” Good. Just read on.
IS ARDUINO A MICROCONTROLLER OR A MICROCONTROLLER BOARD OR A DEVELOPMENT BOARD?
Be cheerful bro, its all simple. I know it looks confusing- it really is, else I wouldn’t be writing. Before we can arrive at a judgment, let us look at what all these terms stand for.
What is a microcontroller?
A microcontroller is a piece of really small electronic chip that can be programmed, uses a low power, has its memories (RAM and ROM) built in, does a particular thing, is cheap and smart. Think of a really smart electronic device in your house. Let us use the microwave oven in your house as an example. You open the oven, drop the food in, close, power on, and possibly set a timer.
The microwave, as it’s called colloquially (fact: microwave is an electromagnetic wave. The oven works with the wave. We will still talk about how that works) turns the food, and when the time set is reached, its rings and or if a preferred temperature is reached, it also chimes. Now lemme break it down. First, as you put the food and close the oven and then power on, the microcontroller kicks in. the wave that the oven use in cooking your food (microwave) is released from a tube called MAGNETRON TUBE. A microcontroller ensure that it is released the proper amount, time and intensity. A microcontroller is also responsible for the turning and the timer counter/sounding. I would love to add, however that not always are microcontroller used for all those types of types of tasks. Integrated Circuits (ICs) like 555 timer can also do some of the above but takes a whole lot more of electronic circuits and wiring which can be cumbersome for the engineer on a large scale.
The digital alarm in your room also uses a microcontroller. A microcontroller is programmable and uses very little power (as low as 3V). It does cool stuffs in that precious Samsung electronic product of yours. The reason a microprocessor isn’t used in such scenarios as stated above is that it uses way higher power, is more expensive, requires a lot of other peripherals like RAM, ROM, cooling system (Heat sinks/ fans), may require an OS (Operating System). That is exactly why you cannot compare a microprocessor with a microcontroller.
A microcontroller has all it needs packed inside or built in- it can carry its own weight, it always do. A microprocessor on the other hand cannot carry its own weight. It needs RAM attached, ROM added and cooling system present. You may ask, why? Excellent!! It is because it uses way more power and is consequently smarter and stronger. Example of a microprocessor is: Intel cores i7, i5, i3, Pentium, AMD Athlon, AMD FX 7500, etc. a microprocessor is also capable of Graphics and sound, hence have these attached to them too. Example of a microcontroller is: 8051, Atmega 328P (which Arduino uses). SUMMARY is: a microcontroller is suited for lower and electronic tasks while a microprocessor is better for high power and multitasks like computing and very advanced robotics.


What is a development board?
A development board by definition is a board containing A MICROPROCESSOR (OR A MICROCONTROLLER) that contains the necessary electronics to allow the engineer to have hands on experience and familiarity with the processor/controller to be able to work on it. A development board has a normal processor/controller but has the necessary electronics that would enable one to work on the processor/controller. Imagine having a core i5 processor with all the supporting electronics with. An engineer working with a tech company like Intel would be able to do whatever he needs to do and know about the processor. He would test for redundancies, processing power, etc.
However, our point of interest is a microcontroller. A microcontroller development has the above apply to it but just that the processing chip would be a microcontroller. Arduino (Uno in our case) has a microcontroller and has all the supporting electronics to be able to work on the board without so much stress of building an extra circuit to support our MC. All we do is plug and ….. Play! Arduino has a fuse that protects it from extra current when connected to the USB port on our computer (which uses a microprocessor BTW). It has pins on it that we can use to test the power of our MC. All these things give Arduino the feel of a development board.


What is a microcontroller board
Just as the name sounds, it is the board that has a microcontroller. It has a MC as its backbone.


So from our above analysis, what is Arduino?

Hi Dekatron,
I hope that you'll continue with this?