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Joining Salat Late by Kunlexity(m): 8:42am On Oct 20, 2017
Bismillahir Rahmaanir Raheem

Learning to offer our Salaat properly is fard upon us all. Let's remind each other how to join Salaat in masjid or in any congregation. Whoever joins a congregation late, must say the opening takbeer while standing and then move directly to the act that the congregation is performing. For instance, if the congregation is prostrating one should perform the opening takbeer and then prostrate straight without any rukuu. If one joins the congregation during the ruku following any standing position (qiyam), one is considered to have performed that rakaat. If it belongs to the first rak‘at, one who joins the congregation during it and completes the prayer after the imam is considered to have performed the whole prayer.

If one joins after the ruku, one is considered to have missed that rakaat or rakaats preceding it. Scholars has identified two ways of completing missed rakaats.

1. You either take the rakaats you've gotten with the imam as your first rakaat or rakaats as if you are praying alone and done with those rakaats then complete the rest. Example if you joined imam in zuhur prayer and missed the first two rakaats, then you make the last two rakaats as your first two rakaats then pray the missed two with fastihah alone.

2. Another method is to pray the missed rakaats exactly as you missed them so in the above example, you offer the first two rakaats you missed exactly as you missed them by offering both together with fastihah and additional verse or suurah. Both ways permissible AlhamdulilLah. Allah knows best.
The two rules mentioned can be applied to any salaat as follows;
If you miss one rakaat of magrib, you take the last two you got as your first two then add one rakaat you miss with fastihah alone as soon as the imam says first tasleem. If you miss two rakaats then you take the last rakaat you got as your first rakaat then add one rakaat with fastihah and suurah to sit for tashahhud then stand up to complete with the last rakaat.

If you misses three rakaats of Isha, you make the last you got as your first rakaat then stand up to perform one rakaat with fastihah and suurah to sit for tashahhud then stand up to add the last two with fastihah alone. Hope that's clear. You can ask any questions please. Please note that you should recite all missed rakaats without distracting others which means if you missed a loud recitation rakaat, you should recite it to your own hearing without been loud to disturb others praying etc. If you miss the two rakaats Jumuat prayers, then after the imam says tasleem, stand up to pray 4 rakaats zuhur please.

SIGNIFICANCE of WITIR
Witr prayer is one of the greatest acts of worship that draw one closer to Allaah. Some of the scholars even thought that it is one of the obligatory prayers, but the correct view is that it is one of the confirmed Sunnahs (Sunnah mu’akkadah) which the Muslim should observe regularly and not neglect intentionally which is a disobedience to the Prophet as such sinful. 

Imam Ahmad (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: Whoever neglects Witr is a bad person whose testimony should not be accepted. This indicates that Witr prayer is something that is confirmed. 

Its timing: 
It starts when a person has prayed ‘Isha’, even if it is joined to Maghrib at the time of Maghrib, and lasts until dawn begins, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Allaah has prescribed for you a prayer (by which He may increase your reward), which is Witr; Allaah has enjoined it for you during the time between ‘Isha’ prayer until dawn begins.” Narrated by Imam al-Tirmidhi, 425.

The number of rak’ahs: 
The minimum number of rak’ahs for Witr is one rak’ah. If a person limits himself to praying one rak’ah, then he has performed the Sunnah which may be added to the two sunnah rakaat after Isha or after Tahajjud salaat. But Witr may also be three or five or seven or nine etc.

If a person prays three rak’ahs or more of Witr this may be done in two ways, both of which are prescribed in sharee’ah: To pray two then sit to recite tashahhud then stand to add one then Tashahhud and Tasleem. If 5 or more rakaats then you offer 2 sit to recite tashahhud and tasleem then do the same for other two but without tasleem so that you add one last one with tashahhud and tasleem.

May Allah aid us in His obedience.Aameen.

Credit: Sheikh AbdurRazaq

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