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Endometrial tissue that is found outside the uterus is influenced by the female hormones, the same as inside the uterus. So, the tissue thickens during the cycle and is shed when menstruation begins. It is unable to flow out, and thus remains there and irritates the surrounding areas. This can cause scar tissue (called adhesions) to form, and make the organs stick to each other or stick to the walls of the abdomen and the pelvis. In the ovaries, endometriosis can cause a type of ovarian cyst called an endometrioma, which contains a thick, dark coloured fluid.

The symptoms of endometriosis include the following:

Painful menstrual periods – this pain is usually severe, starts some days before the period starts, and continues for some days after the period has ended. The pain sometimes extends from the lower abdomen to the back and thighs

Constipation, diarrhoea, pain on passing stool or urinating, which is related to the period, i.e it starts when the period starts or is about to start, and ends when the period ends or extends for a few days

Painful intercourse

Chronic pelvic pain

Cyclical pain in some parts of the body – the skin, chest (if it is located in the lungs; can also cause a cyclical cough)

Infertility

Some women with endometriosis will have no symptoms of pain even if the endometriosis is severe, while others with severe pain might not have much pain.

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Today I will be sharing about uterine fibroids

A fibroid is an abnormal growth (a tumor) in the womb which occurs commonly in black women and can range in size from as small as 1cm to as big as 25cm. They can be big enough to make a woman look up to 8 months pregnant. One person can have only one fibroid or as many as fifty or sixty fibroids in the womb at a time. In most women, fibroids do not cause any problems and so a lot of people actually have fibroids and don’t even know it.

The definite cause of fibroids is not known, but each individual fibroid starts when a single cell starts to grow abnormally, and produce large amounts of collagen and other proteins. The female hormones estrogen and progesterone are necessary for fibroids to grow, so they usually do not occur before puberty when production of these hormones begins and shrink after menopause when hormone production drastically decreases.

Different types of fibroids develop in different locations in and on the uterus as follows:

Sub mucosal fibroids: They grow and bulge toward the inside of the uterus. They grow directly below the lining cells of the uterus and may lead to heavy or irregular bleeding.

Intramural fibroids: These stay mostly embedded within the middle of the wall of the uterus

Subserosal fibroids: They grow on the outside of the uterus and may be attached to it by a stalk

Most women with uterine fibroids have no symptoms. However, fibroids can cause a number of symptoms depending on their size, location and their closeness to nearby pelvic organs.

Women may experience:

Heavy bleeding between or during periods that may include blood clots

Menstrual periods that last longer than usual or are irregular

Painful menstrual periods

Swelling or enlargement of the abdomen

Abdominal pain

Frequent urination

Pain during intercourse

Pain in the pelvis and/or lower back

Pressure or fullness in the lower abdomen

Fibroids can also be a cause of infertility, especially if they are located inside the uterine cavity where the baby should stay.

A diagnosis of fibroids is usually made by an ultrasound scan, which would show the fibroids. Sometimes, you might need to have some further tests like an MRI (a very sensitive imaging technique which is more accurate than a conventional scan). In some cases, a procedure called a diagnostic hysteroscopy is done – a thin camera is inserted into the uterus and the images are projected on a screen, to view the inside of the womb. This helps to determine whether or not the fibroid is located in either wholly or partially in the cavity of the womb.

Fibroids do not need to be removed if they are not causing any problems. The definitive treatment for fibroids is surgical, which involves removing the fibroid(s) from the womb. The procedure is called a myomectomy. There are different types of myomectomy procedures available. The decision on which type is an option for you to have is made on an individual basis. The factors that determine this decision include the type, location, number, and size of the fibroids. Your symptoms, previous medical issues, and present medical condition are also taken into consideration.

The different treatments for fibroids are as follows:

Hysteroscopic myomectomy: This is a minimally invasive procedure performed in theatre under anaesthesia. A fine instrument with a camera is introduced into the vagina and it goes through the cervix to the uterus without making an incision and the video images are projected on a screen. The fibroid is then removed in pieces through the cervix. It can only be done for fibroids located inside the womb. It is done as a day case, so you will be able to go home a few hours after the procedure. Recovery is fast and the uterus is preserved.

Laparoscopic myomectomy: In this case, small cuts about 5mm in size are made in the abdomen and the fibroid is removed in small pieces through these cuts. This is done only for fibroids that are located either completely or mostly outside the uterus, if they are a suitable size. It is also a theatre procedure performed under general anaesthesia. You will need to be on admission for two or three days.


Abdominal myomectomy: This is the traditional approach to removing fibroids; the surgery is performed through a longer cut on the lower abdomen. This technique is done when the fibroids are large or multiple, and it usually involves the removal of all visible fibroids. You will need to be on admission for four days, and the recovery period after discharge is longer than for the other types of myomectomy.


Hysterectomy: This is the complete removal of the uterus and is reserved for women who do not want children in the future and who have multiple fibroids that are not suitable for myomectomy or Uterine Artery Embolization. It can be done either by making a cut on the lower abdomen or through a laparoscopic procedure. This can be considered as a definitive treatment and ensures that the fibroids do not recur.

Some other options for treating fibroids include:

Drug treatments: There are some medications (tablets and injections) that can be used to treat fibroids. Drugs alone are usually insufficient for as they grow back once the drug is stopped. The drugs are hormonal and can have unwanted side effects if used for prolonged periods. In selected cases, drugs are used to shrink fibroids just before surgery to make the procedure less complicated


Uterine Fibroid Embolization: This non-surgical treatment is an increasingly popular alternative to hysterectomy and myomectomy. It is performed by specialists called Interventional Radiologists and involves introducing a small, thin tube through the blood vessels in the thigh and releasing microbeads which block the blood supply of the fibroid, thus causing them to die off over time


After you have had a review with your doctor and the various appropriate tests have been done where necessary, you will be informed about your option(s) for treatment. You will also be informed about the advantages and disadvantages to you of the different procedures, the period of recovery and the possible complications. Ensure that you are clear on what is being offered, so that you can make the best decision. It is possible that only one of these treatment options is suitable for you.

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I have two questions,
1. Can a woman ovulate twice in a month.
2, while ttc can one take malaria treatments.

painless:
I have two questions,
1. Can a woman ovulate twice in a month.
2, while ttc can one take malaria treatments.

1. Can a woman ovulate twice in a month. ? Its is a mild relative yes/no answer as its a very uncommon occurrence just about 3% of women fall into this category. However there is a phenomenon called multiple ovulation that occur and is when two or more eggs are released in a single cycle. The eggs are released during one 24 hour period.
This means that you are ovulating only once, but releasing more than one egg during that time. If you believe that releasing another egg is ovulation, then when asking ‘can you ovulate twice in one cycle,’ the answer is might be yes.

Secondly if you use ovulating strips to test if you ovulate, getting two positive ovulation tests during the same month is entirely normal. That’s because your body can prepare for ovulation two or three times before the egg is actually ready to be released. During that preparation time, your body is sending our surges of hormones. Those hormones are easily detected by the ovulation tests, and that means that you might wonder if you will ovulate twice. But unfortunately, no – once the egg is released, the hormones released change as well, preventing another egg from being released.

If you have any issue understanding when you ovulate i will advise you possible do a folliculometry. It is the best and most reliable way to know if truly you ovulate.

2, while ttc can one take malaria treatments? You can treat malaria.

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Saw this some where and i totally support all

Many factors affect infertility, as majority really focus on tubal blockage and uterine fibroids alone tends to be surprising at times. There a vast majority of people that have through tubes and without fibroids yet hasnt been able to conceive. While there are some with uterine fbroids that have multiple pregnancy. So i just want to help by listing out few things you can do when you are in any state of infertility.

For those that just got married and you are less than 2 years into marriage. I will advice dont let pressure from family affect you as we have seen often, most time this pressure affect physiologically which in turn affects the hormones in the body and before you know it cycles are been altered which automatically affects conception. So the best shot is be calm and take it gentle, if you need to do anything just simply visit a gynecologist instead of worrying. Or better still you go for a pelvic scan to check the state of your uterus and ovaries(if you are very curious then transvaginal scan should be your best shot) as it will help access your ovaries properly also. If scan says all is well then it is good you believe so and get calm. But if you now think you need to do something else then you next take will be to track your follicles to know when you ovulate, it is called follicular tracking or folliculometry, most time failure to know when you ovulate leads to lack of conception because. I have seen people that ovulate early while some late but if they put the 14days in their mind as when they ovulate they will just be wasting away time and some doesnt ovulate. So doing this will help you to know when your ovulation really takes place and if not you can see a gynecologist to know way forward. As some will have polycystic ovarian sydrome and some wouldnt just have mature follicles, and some the follicle will just grow to a cyst et al

If ovulation takes place after your tracking and you meet with your partner and no conception. In all of this we are assuming that your spouse has a good sperm count. That is when i believe you can go ahead with HSG, to check your tubes. If tubes are blocked then hydrotubation will be next but if the tubes are okay, just keep up with tracking after the HSG you will get the desired result before you start the issue of IVF and the likes.


Plus like i will always say to people dont forget to make prayers your number one shot in all.

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Here are some top causes of infertility in women.

Ovulation problems
Ovulation issues may be caused by polycystic ovary syndrome, or PCOS. This is a hormonal imbalance that can interfere with normal ovulation. Primary ovarian insufficiency (also known as premature ovarian failure, or POI) can also cause ovulation problems. POI is when your ovaries stop working properly before age 40, affecting your release of eggs and chances of pregnancy. (Note that POI precedes menopause, which is when you've completely stopped ovulating and having periods.) Hyperprolactinemia is where you have too much prolactin, the hormone that stimulates breast milk, and that may also interfere with ovulation. Thyroid issues—like too much thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism) or too little (hypothyroidism)—can affect your menstrual cycle, too. Hyperprolactinemia and thyroid conditions can be easily treated, so it's important to seek diagnosis.

Older age

The mere act of waiting to get pregnant contributes to infertility. About one-third of couples in which the woman is over 30 have fertility problems. Time and biology are on your side during your 20s. At this stage, your body is ready for pregnancy. Experts say that the average woman's fertility peaks during her early 20s, and you have the highest number of quality eggs at this stage. A younger woman's eggs are less likely than an older woman's to have genetic abnormalities that cause health conditions like Down syndrome. The risk of miscarriage is also lower.

Research has shown that the risk of miscarriage is 12 percent to 15 percent for women in their 20s compared to about 25 percent for women at age 40. It's also physically easier for women in their 20s to carry a child because there's a lower risk of high blood pressure, gestational diabetes and other health issues that can complicate pregnancy. And younger women are less likely to have low birthweight or premature babies. When you're older, your ovaries have a smaller number of eggs left, and your eggs aren't as healthy.

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TOP CAUSES OF INFERTILITY CONT'D

Unhealthy bodyweight
Keeping an inactive lifestyle and being overweight or obese can raise your risk of infertility and increase your risk of having miscarriage. Or, if you have an eating disorder like anorexia or bulimia or you follow a very low-calorie or restrictive diet, you're at risk for fertility problems. Fortunately, you can take measures to lose or gain weight and may be able to conceive once you get to a healthy body weight. Obese women may find they ovulate normally after losing as little as 5 percent of body weight—that's just 10 pounds for a woman who weighs 200 pounds.

Uterine abnormalities

Fibroids may interfere with the implantation of the fertilized egg. Fibroids are usually noncancerous masses of muscular tissue and collagen that can develop within the wall of the uterus. Fibroids may be associated with reproductive problems depending on the number of fibroids you have in your uterus and on their size and specific location. Fibroids near the endometrial lining may cause very heavy periods and problems with an embryo implanting or pregnancy complications. Most fibroids, since they are not in the lining of the uterus, don't impact your pregnancy or create a high-risk pregnancy, but you may have a higher risk of miscarriage or infertility.

Abnormal cervical mucus
Cervical mucous, a fluid secreted by the cervix when estrogen stimulates production, allows sperm to survive in the hostile, acidic environment of the vagina. Abnormal cervical mucus can prevent sperm from reaching the egg. Unfortunately, treatments to improve the cervical mucous are unproven, but bypassing the mucous with intra-uterine insemination is effective.

Tubal issues
Damaged or blocked fallopian tubes can prevent sperm from getting to your eggs and prevent the fertilized egg from getting to your uterus. Some common causes of tubal problems include sexually transmitted infections like chlamydia and gonorrhea, which can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, or PID, a generalized infection of the pelvis that can cause scarring and blockage of the fallopian tubes; endometriosis; and previous pelvic surgery. You may be able to have surgery to try to open the tubes OR at times hydrotubation.

Endometriosis
With endometriosis, the tissue lining the uterus starts to grow in other places like behind the uterus, in the fallopian tubes, in the abdomen, in the pelvis or the ovaries. That causes irritation and scar tissue development. Some women with endometriosis have no symptoms. Others have painful intercourse or periods, heavy bleeding or unusual spotting and general pelvic pain. Endometriosis can make it difficult to get pregnant because the condition can cause blocked fallopian tubes, disrupt implantation, cause inflammation in the pelvis and perhaps impact egg quality. Treatment for endometriosis varies. Surgically removing the scar tissue or opening the blocked fallopian tube may improve your chances of getting pregnant.

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