Dangote Cement has crashed the ex-factory price of a 50-kg bag of the product from N1,500 to N1,350.

This is a further step taken by the company after the directive issued by President Goodluck Jonathan in May which forced cement stakeholders to work together to bring down the price of the commodity from about N2,500 to around N1,800 per 50kg bag,

According to the company, “Dangote Cement Plc. has announced a significant reduction in the ex-factory price of its product to N1,350 per bag.”

The company’s Executive Director, in charge of Sales and Marketing, Mr Ekanem Etim, briefing cement distributors at the weekend, said the reduction in its ex-factory price was in line with the company’s declared policy to make the product affordable to Nigerians as it expands its local capacity in the country.

Etim also informed the distributors at the meeting that the country would be self-sufficient in cement production, especially with the inauguration of Ibeshe plant of the company before the end of the year, with an installed capacity of six million metric tonnes of cement per annum. He used the opportunity to mention the price reduction at various depots in different parts of the country.

Odunnu:

How much was a bag previously?

hercules07:

Dangote has made back the money in invested in the elections, so has returned the price of cement to what it should be.

successtay:

Real reasons cement price is high–Iweta
BY MOSES AKAIGWE
Thursday, June 23, 2011


As a well known industrialist with diverse interests both in his Delta state base and beyond, Prince David Iweta discusses the problems of local manufacturers, especially those in the cement sector, with deep passion.

Following the intervention of President Goodluck Jonathan on the crisis in the cement market on May 17, with a directive to the stakeholders to bring down the high-rising price per bag in 30 days, Iweta was among the first to react, claiming that the manipulative antics of what he called “a cabal” , rather than the trumpeted pump price of diesel, was the reason behind the scary cost of cement. In an exclusive interview with Daily Sun, the cement manufacturer gives insight into how government policy changes, at the instance of the “cabal”, keep genuine investors at bay, leading to a situation where the people that are the biggest manufacturers of cement, are at the same time the biggest importers, with no opportunity for fresh entrants.

He warns that, though it is “very, very possible” to sell cement at N1000 in the country, the price cannot be maintained for too long, unless late President Musa Yar’Adua’s policy of granting licences to more players and breaking the monopoly of the “cabal”, is revisited. Excerpts:

Can you lead us through the background to the present situation in the cement industry?
I think in the cement industry today, there is absolute crisis, and the crisis is artificial; created by the deceitful effort of a cabal whose members are also using the Federal Government agencies, like the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, to perpetrate evil against the country. Now, before; the commencement of our democracy of 1999, cement had a duty of five percent, and that five percent duty had remained, and there wasn’t anything like cement import licence quota that is allocated year by year or introduced by any group.
But, immediately this cabal came in, they decided to encourage the government in power which seemed to be in partnership with them, to create a policy that ushered in the era of the introduction of cement import licence. But before 1999, there was an open importation of bagged cement. You just bring it in 50-kilogram bags and then sell. So, when the government of Olusegun Obansanjo came in, in 1999, because of the orchestrated plan by the cabal that was just coming in, they said ‘let us ban importation of bagged cement in order to encourage investors to set up bagging plant here in Nigeria’ – that is encouraging people to import the bulk in powder and then bag it locally to achieve value-addition, by particularly creating jobs for people, because when you import the bulk, automatically you will need to produce the bags and people work in the factory, among other activities like bagging, loading and maritime services.

So, this was the situation. But, when the cabal came, they said ‘no, let us introduce cement import licence’.
So, when they banned the importation of bagged cement and said people should bring in equipment (to achieve local value-addition), it took about two years to two-an-half years, from December, 1999 to order for the cement equipment, clear it, install it, build the warehouses, the storage and jetty.

But, unfortunately for those of us who followed government directive for us to order for cement equipment, build the factory and private jetties where the berges can berthe, this cabal did not go building their own factories from the scratch; instead, they deceived government by claiming there was low patronage at the ports, that the ports were idol, which made government to allocate spaces to them at the ports. So, they merely brought aluminum structures to cover the places up, and that was their factory. They had no need to build concrete floors on their own which costs a lot of money.
They had no need to build private jetties; they were given government jetties at Tin Can Island port and Apapa port ( both in Lagos), Area 1 in Port Harcourt and Onne. Only one person got all these. By 2000, the cartel had gone around to influence a policy that for anybody to have a plant, they must have a concrete plan to manufacture cement locally. The period needed to bring imported equipment for bagging plant and building your own jetty had not even elapsed and some people were still investing, when the policy was changed again.

But, ahead of this latest policy summersault, the same cabal had already gone around Ogun State, had gone round the whole of Cross Rivers State, gone to Obajana, and surveyed in their name anywhere there was limestone deposits that will last for over 250 years, thus depriving other people access to the basic raw material which is lime stone quarry. And so, a lot of people stayed off, because when you go to anywhere there was limestone, they will tell you ‘this man has already surveyed the place’, and then show you a map.
A company like Burham went to Calabar and acquired another company called CALCEMCO (Calabar Cement Company). CALCEMCO was producing in Calabar over the years and had a limestone quarry site which was called Cross Rover Limestone Limited, where they were getting limestone for their factory in Calabar. But, unknown to them, the cabal chief had already surveyed everything in his name, backed by the then Federal Government with the then governor of Cross River State, Donald Duke supporting.

So, when UNICEM bought over CALCEMCO, and went to where the company they acquired used to get limestone, somebody said, ‘I have surveyed this site in my name, and therefore, you cannot have access’. And the new owners argued that they had bought the factory which was dependent on this limestone before now, ‘so where do we use?’ It was only recently that they now reached an out-of-court settlement when the cabal leader demanded and go 20 percent equity holding in the project before allowing them to operate, but after a while, UNICEM had to sell off its shares in order to be able to move the cash to another investment. That is now that cabal is.

One company in Ogun State called Gateway Mining, there own was like that; the whole place was surveyed in Ogun, and therefore, they didn’t have access to any limestone, and there was much battle until the late President Umaru Yar’adua came in and said ‘nobody should emasse so much limestone deposit that he cannot develop within two years’. He now revoked all the licences and created what he called a CADESTRA office from where they had to survey all limestone deposits from limestone to bitumen to all other minerals. It was only that Presidential intervention that opened the door for those of us to approach the office under the Ministry of Mines and Steel Development, to now ask for places where there was unencumbered access to limestone.

That was how we all who had cement bagging plant before, could get licences. And from that time, most of our factories were now ready for operation by 2002. And when they said that unless you show evidence that you had plans to make cement locally, they wont give you import licence, what do you do? You have no need to go to the Ministry for licence, because you cannot even be given access to limestone.
This was the situation from 1999 to 2007 when President Yar’adua came in. but even at that, when you apply for limestone, the cabal has agents that will stop your application from being processed.
That Yar’Adua could not come and monitor, and today, some of us got in November, 2010 what we applied for since 2007. So, it is only now that we go backward to do backward integration. I am just coming from Uyo in Cross River, where I have licence for limestone deposit, to explore the possibility of setting up a cement plant on backward integration basis with an expatriate joint venture partner. Now, we all that are in the cement business do not have the plan or desire to remain cement importers and just be bagging, because it is cheaper, it is more convenient to produce from local limestone irrespective of the odds.

The issue of power does not affect a large-scale cement production project. The reason being that if you are producing a commodity of a huge size, you need heavy energy consumption. For example the energy you will consume in an average cement plant is more than what the whole of Calabar will consume. So, it becomes commercially and reasonably viable for you to build your own independent power plant, gas-fired, to run your cement production plant.

What were the specific factors that jerked cement price so high that the President had to intervene?
By 2007, When President Yar’Adua came in, the price of cement was around N2,600/N2,800 just as it is now, and he said, ‘no, this cannot continue to happen’.
He called all the companies that had cement bagging plant that had been denied access before now, and a few people he felt could help to bring down the price, and granted them cement import licences, not to bring bulk, but to even bring in bags, so that the price would crash. Government granted six of us special licences with which we were expected to bring down the price. And then we did, and what happened?

The price came down to as low as N1,200 at our factories by the time they transported it, it came to N1,400 and N1,600 maximum, and that situation remained from 2008 when the imports started coming in up to 2009, then subsisted till about 2010.
So, in 2010, the new Minister of Commerce and Industry, Jubril Matins Kuye, who now came in as part of a clique that supported the cabal further, now cancelled the unused portions of the licences that were granted by President Yar’Adua and removed some of us that got the licences from the list, and in the process allocated them to one particular company that belongs to the cabal leader.
Over 50 per cent of the quota was given to that company, and that was a company that was saying that by 2010, their plant would come on stream to meet Nigeria’s local cement need, that is Nigeria would be self-sufficient, and that by 2011, his own cement factory would now be meeting excess of the nations demand and would exporting. But the minister still gave that same company licence to import cement.
Meanwhile, he did not give licence to other people who applied.

Again, the same minister increased the duty of bulk cement from five percent to 15 percent, and introduced a compulsory Cement Technology Institute (CTI) levy of 20 percent, thereby making the total duty on imported cement to be 35 percent. He did not do that because he wanted to earn money for the nation, because Nigeria was not crying that it needed money to execute any project so they now want to increase the price of cement at the detriment of the consuming public and the country that is suffering from 17 million deficit in house delivery to its populace.

The ultimate aim was to make the cabal and the so called local cement manufacturer who want to make abnormal profit of over 100 to 200 percent, to hide under the new increase of duty of 35 percent which will now make the cost of selling imported cement to be N1,700, to also sell their locally made cement at N1,700. And because they also removed some of us from access to importation and favoured the same cabal leader which means empowering him to now regulate the inflow of cement unto the country, artificial scarcity was created that put pressure on all available facilities, including his own factories. They now used that to jerk up price and started whipping up sentiment, claiming it is the price of diesel of about N120 to N145, that is the cause of cost of cement price rising from the N1,200 that we were selling it at the factory, to N1,700.

I do not see how diesel, which is not consumed by the cement manufacturers’ factories, affects their gate price to the point that it is as high as N1,700. And by the time they sell N1,700 at their gate, and the distributor who will pay for about 20 to 50 trucks at a time because of the scarcity, will add between N200 and N300 as profit margin. The transportation from either Lagos or Obajana or Port Harcourt, to a place like Onitsha, is about N300 per bag. If you add N300 to N2,000, it is N2,300. By the time the man who buys from the distributor adds his own mark-up, and store rent and all that, he puts another N300 Naira.
That comes to N2,600. So, the cartel is deceiving the Federal Government. They deceived the Federal Government to increase duty so that they will now harp on the cost of imported cement, which is an augmenting factor, to benefit their own locally made cement. And on their own locally cement, they do not pay freight and the cost of freight from Europe to Nigeria is about N500 a bag. Add the cost of cement, say N500 per bag, and you get N1,000. By the time you add duties of 35 percent, you get about N1,350. By the time you add stevedoring and other factors, it comes to about N1,400 to N1,450.

They will now sell at N1,650 to N1,700. Mind you, the same core manufacturers are at the same time the heaviest importers. So, because they are still importers, Dangote, for example, they will say ‘we are selling this brand at Obajana or Tin-can Island, Lagos (it doesn’t make a difference) at N1,700. I am going to present my statement to shareholders. What is wrong if I sell at a high price’. Same thing happened to Lafarge, Ewekoro and Shagamu, because they are also importing in Port Harcourt. Same with Burham who bought over Northern Cement Company. They have a floating terminal. They bag on top of the ship and just bring in the imported cement.

These people don’t fool the ministry, but they fool Mr. President, because they work in collaboration with the ministry to do a report to Mr. President. The reports they had in Septemer 2010, discovered that locally produced cement was more them the imported cement, but meanwhile, limestone is available free. Your factory is close to your quarry. So why does locally manufactured cement sell for as much as N1,700 (at the gate).

All over the world where cement is produced, they do not sell more that N450 per 50 kilogramme bag, and there is no country in the world where the cost of energy is cheaper than in Nigeria. In Ghana, cement is selling for N950 at the shop. In Liberia that is just recovering from war of 15 years, their cement price is under N1,000. In Kuwait, cement is under N600, in China it is priced below N500. Nigeria is the country in the world with the highest price of cement.

Given the picture you have just painted, will the price of cement come down as directed by the President?
If the local cement manufacturers are sincere and are patriotic, and do not want to exploit Nigerians, it is very, very possible and at a profit in their favour, to sell the locally manufactured cement for N1,000 per bag, irrespective of all issues. If they doubt it, they should collect the energy cost that they claim they use. Most of them use gas, they use coal too. China does not have petroleum products like Nigeria, they import but the cost of cement in China is under N500 for cement product in that country. In Indonesia, the same thing; Vietnam, the same; Turkey is even cheaper. Therefore, the cabal are out to destroy this country, and they have been exploiting this country to the bones.

donspony:

Still expensive.

Monopoly is a bi.tch

Mos_D:

A funny hypocritical country! How swt 4 dangote 2 say its in d bid 2 make cement afordable 2 d masses, if GEJ had nt given d directiv, these bigots wld stl have certainly b exploitin us.

adeibi:

please what's the difference between 1500 and 1350.
this is just total greed

Seun:

It's from 1,500 to 1350, yeye person. The 2700 was the retail price in some areas.

Seun:

It's from 1,500 to 1350. The 2700 was the retail price in some areas.

snthesis:

olodo
are u tryin to imply that an additional 1200 was added in-between the producers/suppliers and final consumers- abeg stop smoking weed

proudly9ja:

There's a difference between factory price and retail price. Dangote's factory price was 1500 and he has reduced this to 1350. I doubt it if that reduction will trickle down to the end user because 150naira is not much considering transportation, etc factors to be considered. I hope I'm wrong

successtay:

Real reasons cement price is high–Iweta
BY MOSES AKAIGWE
Thursday, June 23, 2011


As a well known industrialist with diverse interests both in his Delta state base and beyond, Prince David Iweta discusses the problems of local manufacturers, especially those in the cement sector, with deep passion.

Following the intervention of President Goodluck Jonathan on the crisis in the cement market on May 17, with a directive to the stakeholders to bring down the high-rising price per bag in 30 days, Iweta was among the first to react, claiming that the manipulative antics of what he called “a cabal” , rather than the trumpeted pump price of diesel, was the reason behind the scary cost of cement. In an exclusive interview with Daily Sun, the cement manufacturer gives insight into how government policy changes, at the instance of the “cabal”, keep genuine investors at bay, leading to a situation where the people that are the biggest manufacturers of cement, are at the same time the biggest importers, with no opportunity for fresh entrants.

He warns that, though it is “very, very possible” to sell cement at N1000 in the country, the price cannot be maintained for too long, unless late President Musa Yar’Adua’s policy of granting licences to more players and breaking the monopoly of the “cabal”, is revisited. Excerpts:

Can you lead us through the background to the present situation in the cement industry?
I think in the cement industry today, there is absolute crisis, and the crisis is artificial; created by the deceitful effort of a cabal whose members are also using the Federal Government agencies, like the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, to perpetrate evil against the country. Now, before; the commencement of our democracy of 1999, cement had a duty of five percent, and that five percent duty had remained, and there wasn’t anything like cement import licence quota that is allocated year by year or introduced by any group.
But, immediately this cabal came in, they decided to encourage the government in power which seemed to be in partnership with them, to create a policy that ushered in the era of the introduction of cement import licence. But before 1999, there was an open importation of bagged cement. You just bring it in 50-kilogram bags and then sell. So, when the government of Olusegun Obansanjo came in, in 1999, because of the orchestrated plan by the cabal that was just coming in, they said ‘let us ban importation of bagged cement in order to encourage investors to set up bagging plant here in Nigeria’ – that is encouraging people to import the bulk in powder and then bag it locally to achieve value-addition, by particularly creating jobs for people, because when you import the bulk, automatically you will need to produce the bags and people work in the factory, among other activities like bagging, loading and maritime services.

So, this was the situation. But, when the cabal came, they said ‘no, let us introduce cement import licence’.
So, when they banned the importation of bagged cement and said people should bring in equipment (to achieve local value-addition), it took about two years to two-an-half years, from December, 1999 to order for the cement equipment, clear it, install it, build the warehouses, the storage and jetty.

But, unfortunately for those of us who followed government directive for us to order for cement equipment, build the factory and private jetties where the berges can berthe, this cabal did not go building their own factories from the scratch; instead, they deceived government by claiming there was low patronage at the ports, that the ports were idol, which made government to allocate spaces to them at the ports. So, they merely brought aluminum structures to cover the places up, and that was their factory. They had no need to build concrete floors on their own which costs a lot of money.
They had no need to build private jetties; they were given government jetties at Tin Can Island port and Apapa port ( both in Lagos), Area 1 in Port Harcourt and Onne. Only one person got all these. By 2000, the cartel had gone around to influence a policy that for anybody to have a plant, they must have a concrete plan to manufacture cement locally. The period needed to bring imported equipment for bagging plant and building your own jetty had not even elapsed and some people were still investing, when the policy was changed again.

But, ahead of this latest policy summersault, the same cabal had already gone around Ogun State, had gone round the whole of Cross Rivers State, gone to Obajana, and surveyed in their name anywhere there was limestone deposits that will last for over 250 years, thus depriving other people access to the basic raw material which is lime stone quarry. And so, a lot of people stayed off, because when you go to anywhere there was limestone, they will tell you ‘this man has already surveyed the place’, and then show you a map.
A company like Burham went to Calabar and acquired another company called CALCEMCO (Calabar Cement Company). CALCEMCO was producing in Calabar over the years and had a limestone quarry site which was called Cross Rover Limestone Limited, where they were getting limestone for their factory in Calabar. But, unknown to them, the cabal chief had already surveyed everything in his name, backed by the then Federal Government with the then governor of Cross River State, Donald Duke supporting.

So, when UNICEM bought over CALCEMCO, and went to where the company they acquired used to get limestone, somebody said, ‘I have surveyed this site in my name, and therefore, you cannot have access’. And the new owners argued that they had bought the factory which was dependent on this limestone before now, ‘so where do we use?’ It was only recently that they now reached an out-of-court settlement when the cabal leader demanded and go 20 percent equity holding in the project before allowing them to operate, but after a while, UNICEM had to sell off its shares in order to be able to move the cash to another investment. That is now that cabal is.

One company in Ogun State called Gateway Mining, there own was like that; the whole place was surveyed in Ogun, and therefore, they didn’t have access to any limestone, and there was much battle until the late President Umaru Yar’adua came in and said ‘nobody should emasse so much limestone deposit that he cannot develop within two years’. He now revoked all the licences and created what he called a CADESTRA office from where they had to survey all limestone deposits from limestone to bitumen to all other minerals. It was only that Presidential intervention that opened the door for those of us to approach the office under the Ministry of Mines and Steel Development, to now ask for places where there was unencumbered access to limestone.

That was how we all who had cement bagging plant before, could get licences. And from that time, most of our factories were now ready for operation by 2002. And when they said that unless you show evidence that you had plans to make cement locally, they wont give you import licence, what do you do? You have no need to go to the Ministry for licence, because you cannot even be given access to limestone.
This was the situation from 1999 to 2007 when President Yar’adua came in. but even at that, when you apply for limestone, the cabal has agents that will stop your application from being processed.
That Yar’Adua could not come and monitor, and today, some of us got in November, 2010 what we applied for since 2007. So, it is only now that we go backward to do backward integration. I am just coming from Uyo in Cross River, where I have licence for limestone deposit, to explore the possibility of setting up a cement plant on backward integration basis with an expatriate joint venture partner. Now, we all that are in the cement business do not have the plan or desire to remain cement importers and just be bagging, because it is cheaper, it is more convenient to produce from local limestone irrespective of the odds.

The issue of power does not affect a large-scale cement production project. The reason being that if you are producing a commodity of a huge size, you need heavy energy consumption. For example the energy you will consume in an average cement plant is more than what the whole of Calabar will consume. So, it becomes commercially and reasonably viable for you to build your own independent power plant, gas-fired, to run your cement production plant.

What were the specific factors that jerked cement price so high that the President had to intervene?
By 2007, When President Yar’Adua came in, the price of cement was around N2,600/N2,800 just as it is now, and he said, ‘no, this cannot continue to happen’.
He called all the companies that had cement bagging plant that had been denied access before now, and a few people he felt could help to bring down the price, and granted them cement import licences, not to bring bulk, but to even bring in bags, so that the price would crash. Government granted six of us special licences with which we were expected to bring down the price. And then we did, and what happened?

The price came down to as low as N1,200 at our factories by the time they transported it, it came to N1,400 and N1,600 maximum, and that situation remained from 2008 when the imports started coming in up to 2009, then subsisted till about 2010.
So, in 2010, the new Minister of Commerce and Industry, Jubril Matins Kuye, who now came in as part of a clique that supported the cabal further, now cancelled the unused portions of the licences that were granted by President Yar’Adua and removed some of us that got the licences from the list, and in the process allocated them to one particular company that belongs to the cabal leader.
Over 50 per cent of the quota was given to that company, and that was a company that was saying that by 2010, their plant would come on stream to meet Nigeria’s local cement need, that is Nigeria would be self-sufficient, and that by 2011, his own cement factory would now be meeting excess of the nations demand and would exporting. But the minister still gave that same company licence to import cement.
Meanwhile, he did not give licence to other people who applied.

Again, the same minister increased the duty of bulk cement from five percent to 15 percent, and introduced a compulsory Cement Technology Institute (CTI) levy of 20 percent, thereby making the total duty on imported cement to be 35 percent. He did not do that because he wanted to earn money for the nation, because Nigeria was not crying that it needed money to execute any project so they now want to increase the price of cement at the detriment of the consuming public and the country that is suffering from 17 million deficit in house delivery to its populace.

The ultimate aim was to make the cabal and the so called local cement manufacturer who want to make abnormal profit of over 100 to 200 percent, to hide under the new increase of duty of 35 percent which will now make the cost of selling imported cement to be N1,700, to also sell their locally made cement at N1,700. And because they also removed some of us from access to importation and favoured the same cabal leader which means empowering him to now regulate the inflow of cement unto the country, artificial scarcity was created that put pressure on all available facilities, including his own factories. They now used that to jerk up price and started whipping up sentiment, claiming it is the price of diesel of about N120 to N145, that is the cause of cost of cement price rising from the N1,200 that we were selling it at the factory, to N1,700.

I do not see how diesel, which is not consumed by the cement manufacturers’ factories, affects their gate price to the point that it is as high as N1,700. And by the time they sell N1,700 at their gate, and the distributor who will pay for about 20 to 50 trucks at a time because of the scarcity, will add between N200 and N300 as profit margin. The transportation from either Lagos or Obajana or Port Harcourt, to a place like Onitsha, is about N300 per bag. If you add N300 to N2,000, it is N2,300. By the time the man who buys from the distributor adds his own mark-up, and store rent and all that, he puts another N300 Naira.
That comes to N2,600. So, the cartel is deceiving the Federal Government. They deceived the Federal Government to increase duty so that they will now harp on the cost of imported cement, which is an augmenting factor, to benefit their own locally made cement. And on their own locally cement, they do not pay freight and the cost of freight from Europe to Nigeria is about N500 a bag. Add the cost of cement, say N500 per bag, and you get N1,000. By the time you add duties of 35 percent, you get about N1,350. By the time you add stevedoring and other factors, it comes to about N1,400 to N1,450.

They will now sell at N1,650 to N1,700. Mind you, the same core manufacturers are at the same time the heaviest importers. So, because they are still importers, Dangote, for example, they will say ‘we are selling this brand at Obajana or Tin-can Island, Lagos (it doesn’t make a difference) at N1,700. I am going to present my statement to shareholders. What is wrong if I sell at a high price’. Same thing happened to Lafarge, Ewekoro and Shagamu, because they are also importing in Port Harcourt. Same with Burham who bought over Northern Cement Company. They have a floating terminal. They bag on top of the ship and just bring in the imported cement.

These people don’t fool the ministry, but they fool Mr. President, because they work in collaboration with the ministry to do a report to Mr. President. The reports they had in Septemer 2010, discovered that locally produced cement was more them the imported cement, but meanwhile, limestone is available free. Your factory is close to your quarry. So why does locally manufactured cement sell for as much as N1,700 (at the gate).

All over the world where cement is produced, they do not sell more that N450 per 50 kilogramme bag, and there is no country in the world where the cost of energy is cheaper than in Nigeria. In Ghana, cement is selling for N950 at the shop. In Liberia that is just recovering from war of 15 years, their cement price is under N1,000. In Kuwait, cement is under N600, in China it is priced below N500. Nigeria is the country in the world with the highest price of cement.

Given the picture you have just painted, will the price of cement come down as directed by the President?
If the local cement manufacturers are sincere and are patriotic, and do not want to exploit Nigerians, it is very, very possible and at a profit in their favour, to sell the locally manufactured cement for N1,000 per bag, irrespective of all issues. If they doubt it, they should collect the energy cost that they claim they use. Most of them use gas, they use coal too. China does not have petroleum products like Nigeria, they import but the cost of cement in China is under N500 for cement product in that country. In Indonesia, the same thing; Vietnam, the same; Turkey is even cheaper. Therefore, the cabal are out to destroy this country, and they have been exploiting this country to the bones. 





       
 

snthesis:

from 2700 down to 1350 with just one word
jst wondering where all the anti-GEJ peeps are- i thought presidential directives where just a waste of time; bunch of reetaarrrds, assuming you hav more info than the C-In-C.