As noted above, Microbiologists could work in diverse fields. Though there may be limitations in terms of what Nigeria could offer you. Have you graduated already?
An emerging area in microbiology that is rapidly expanding at the moment is Petroleum Microbiology which falls under environmental microbiology. As a petroleum microbiologists you will be responsible for monitoring and studying oilfield microorganisms that can cause corrosion of oil/gas pipelines and production installations; microbes that makes sweet oil and gas reservoir become sour; possibly you may be involved in using microbes to recover additional oil from spent oil reservoirs or using microbes to convert non-recoverable crude oil to natural gas (methane). These are emerging areas of microbiology, and at the moment it's (most likely that) only one foreign company offer few of these services to oil and gas companies in Nigeria.
Bioremediation is an area that is rapidly expanding in Nigeria due to widespread oil pollution, and it involves the use of microbes to clean-up oil polluted sites or oily wastes. You may learn more about all these areas of microbiology if you are fortunate to attend a major conference that our group (from the University of Calgary, Canada) will be participating in come April 1-3 2009 in Abuja, Nigeria. You may visit the event website at
www.bipog3.com for more information. There will also be short courses on the areas of petroleum microbiology that are mentioned above. And in case you are a graduate student you may qualify for a student travel grant to attend the conference.
Finally, I will advise you to pursue a Masters degree specializing and doing research in an area of microbiology that you find promising. Hopefully if things work well a start-up company that I run would begin operation in Nigeria in 2009/2010 offering some of the services above. Keep in touch. You never know. (
adeoflagos@hotmail.com)