RESEARCH is very important before you take any step

Recently the African Union held a high level session on addressing substance use and related mental health disorders among youth, women and children. The number of people who use drugs on the continent has risen exponentially with a corresponding increase in the number of people with drug use disorders and comorbidities including young people. This is a result of growing market for drugs including those produced locally, in addition to Africa being a major transit area for trafficked drugs of which significant amount remains on the local market. A total of 60 million individuals representing 8.4% of the population aged 15 to 64 years were estimated to have used illicit drugs in Africa in 2018 by the World Drug Report. As a result of its projected population growth, Africa is likely to be particularly vulnerable to an increase in the number of people who use drugs by 2030. The estimated drug use prevalence is projected to increase by 40% in 2030 due to the exponential demographic factors experienced by the continent.

This threatens the health, socio-economic wellbeing and security of people on the continent and impedes continental transformation espoused in AU Agenda 2063 - the Africa We Want. The challenge transcends all the five geographical regions of Africa (Central, East, North, West and South) with an increasing number of countries experiencing a melt-down and unable to cope with the high demand for treatment of drug dependency, a multi-factorial health disorder that affects the brain and causes the course of a chronic, relapsing disease.

Determined to address the problem with long-term strategic interventions, the 4th Ordinary Session of the AU Specialised Technical Committee on Health, Population and Drug Control, in June 2022 adopted the Cairo Declaration on addressing drug use and SUDs among youth, children and women. Through the declaration, African Ministers of Health, population and drug control called for an urgent summit/high level session dedicated towards addressing drug use and its health-related consequences among especially youth, children and women for the continent to harness the demographic dividend.
However, despite these policies on drug abuse, there continues to be widespread abuse of certain substances in certain regions of Africa. Here is an overview of 10 most abused substances in various parts of the continent:

1. Cannabis: Cannabis is one of the most widely abused substances in Africa, with a long history of recreational use. Its cultivation and consumption are prevalent in many regions, and the plant's psychoactive properties make it a popular choice for both medicinal and recreational purposes. The legality of cannabis varies across the continent, with some countries adopting more permissive stances, while others maintain strict regulations. The prevalence of cannabis abuse underscores the need for nuanced policies that balance public health concerns with the cultural and medicinal significance of the plant.

2. Tobacco: Smoking tobacco is a pervasive form of substance use in Africa, contributing to a significant public health challenge. While tobacco is not classified as a drug in the traditional sense, its abuse is associated with various health issues, including respiratory diseases and cardiovascular problems. The tobacco industry's marketing strategies, coupled with a lack of comprehensive anti-smoking measures, contribute to the high prevalence of tobacco use. Efforts to address tobacco abuse in Africa often involve a combination of regulatory measures, public awareness campaigns, and healthcare initiatives to reduce the health impact of smoking.

3. Alcohol: Alcohol abuse is widespread across Africa, presenting challenges related to excessive drinking and its repercussions on both health and social well-being. Cultural factors, economic conditions, and lax regulatory environments contribute to the high rates of alcohol consumption. Excessive alcohol use is associated with a range of health issues, including liver diseases, accidents, and social problems such as violence and family disruption. Public health campaigns, regulatory measures, and community-based interventions are crucial components of efforts to mitigate the negative consequences of alcohol abuse.

4. Khat (Catha edulis): Khat, a stimulant plant native to East Africa, is chewed for its stimulant effects. While it is legal in some countries, others have banned its use due to concerns about its impact on health. Khat chewing is deeply rooted in certain cultural practices, and debates about its legalization often involve considerations of tradition, public health, and social consequences. The stimulant properties of khat can lead to increased energy and alertness but may also contribute to health issues such as cardiovascular problems. Managing the use of khat requires a balanced approach that respects cultural traditions while addressing potential health risks.

5. Prescription Drugs: The misuse of prescription medications, particularly opioid painkillers and benzodiazepines, is a growing concern in some African countries. Access to these medications, coupled with inadequate regulation and monitoring, contributes to their misuse. Opioid abuse, in particular, poses significant health risks, including addiction and overdose. Addressing prescription drug abuse requires a multifaceted approach, including improved regulation of pharmaceuticals, enhanced prescription monitoring programs, and increased awareness among healthcare professionals and the public.

6. Heroin: While heroin abuse is not as widespread in Africa as in some other regions, pockets of addiction exist, often linked to drug trafficking routes. Heroin abuse poses serious health risks, including the potential for overdose and the transmission of infectious diseases through shared needles. Efforts to combat heroin abuse involve law enforcement measures to disrupt trafficking networks, as well as public health interventions such as addiction treatment and harm reduction programs.

7. Cocaine: Cocaine abuse is relatively less common compared to other substances in Africa but is present in some urban areas, often associated with higher socioeconomic groups. The stimulant properties of cocaine can lead to addiction and various health issues. Efforts to address cocaine abuse involve a combination of law enforcement initiatives, public awareness campaigns, and addiction treatment programs.

8. Methamphetamine: Methamphetamine abuse has been reported in various African countries especially Nigeria, with concerns about its impact on public health. The stimulant properties of methamphetamine can lead to addiction, mental health issues, and cardiovascular problems. Addressing methamphetamine abuse requires a comprehensive approach, including regulation of precursor chemicals, law enforcement efforts, and treatment options for individuals struggling with addiction.

9. Solvents and Inhalants: The abuse of solvents and inhalants, such as glue and gasoline, is a problem in some areas of Africa, particularly among vulnerable populations like street children. Inhalant abuse can lead to serious health consequences, including neurological damage and respiratory issues. Addressing this issue requires a combination of outreach programs, education on the dangers of inhalant abuse, and support services for at-risk populations.

10. Ecstasy (MDMA): In certain urban settings and among specific subcultures, the recreational use of ecstasy (MDMA) has been reported. Ecstasy is a synthetic drug with stimulant and hallucinogenic properties. Its use is associated with potential health risks, including dehydration, hyperthermia, and adverse psychological effects. Efforts to address ecstasy abuse involve public awareness campaigns, regulatory measures, and support services for individuals struggling with substance abuse.

Understanding the complexities of substance abuse in Africa is essential for developing targeted interventions that consider cultural, economic, and social factors. Efforts to address these issues should involve collaboration between governments, healthcare professionals, communities, and international organizations to create comprehensive and culturally sensitive strategies.

Source: https://medssafety.com/10-most-abused-drugs-in-africa/

Relationships are complex and influenced by various factors.

If you're considering reconciling with your ex, here are some general tips:

Communication: Open and honest communication is key. Talk to your ex about the issues that led to the breakup and express your feelings.

Self-Reflection: [/b]Take time to reflect on the reasons for the breakup and consider what changes or improvements you can make personally.

[b]Give Space: [/b]Sometimes, both parties need time and space to heal and gain perspective. Give your ex the space they need, and use this time to work on yourself.

[b]Respect Boundaries: Respect your ex's boundaries and decisions. Pressuring or manipulating someone is not a healthy way to rebuild a relationship.

[b]Seek Professional Help: [/b]If the issues in the relationship are deep-rooted or if communication is difficult, consider seeking the help of a relationship counselor or therapist.

Remember that not all relationships are meant to be revived, and it's important to prioritize your own well-being. If your ex is not interested in getting back together, it's crucial to accept their decision and focus on personal growth and moving forward. If you are trying the 333 formula understanding the spiritual and symbolic 333 Meaning in Ex Relationships can be helpful. From a symbolic perspective, 333 could represent the trinity of love, respect, and communication that are essential for a healthy relationship. It could also signify the power of forgiveness and letting go of past hurts.

Those paid to Defend the druggie will soon be mobilised here. Tinubu is Supreme COurt President

The global healthcare landscape is undergoing a transformation with far-reaching implications for doctors and aspiring medical professionals worldwide. The World Federation for Medical Education (WFME) recently granted recognition to the National Medical Commission (NMC) of India for a period of ten years. This recognition holds the key to a wealth of opportunities for Indian medical graduates, allowing them to pursue postgraduate training and practice medicine in countries such as the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.

While this development marks a significant stride for Indian healthcare, it raises questions about its impact on countries like Nigeria, which have long seen their doctors seek overseas opportunities for career advancement.

The Significance of WFME Recognition
The recognition bestowed upon the NMC by WFME is more than just a symbolic gesture; it is a stamp of approval from a globally renowned body, endorsing the quality of medical education provided by Indian institutions. This recognition has several profound implications for Indian medical graduates and the global healthcare ecosystem.

Global Career Opportunities for Indian Graduates: The most immediate and apparent effect of WFME recognition is that it unlocks doors for Indian medical graduates to practice in countries that demand WFME-accredited qualifications. This development enhances the global mobility of Indian medical professionals and promotes the exchange of medical knowledge and practices across borders.
Elevation of Indian Medical Institutions: All 706 existing medical colleges in India will benefit from WFME accreditation. Moreover, any new medical colleges established in the next decade will automatically receive WFME accreditation. This elevates the reputation of Indian medical education and makes India an even more attractive destination for prospective medical students from around the world.
Quality Healthcare Enhancement: As Indian medical graduates venture into countries with stringent medical education standards, it could potentially lead to an overall improvement in the quality of healthcare services. This benefits both medical professionals who gain invaluable international experience and the patients who receive care from them.

Nigerian Doctors and the Waiting Game
While the recognition of Indian medical graduates is undoubtedly a significant achievement for India, it triggers the "update" buttons for countries like Nigeria. Nigeria has historically seen its doctors leave the country in pursuit of advanced education and better career opportunities. Many of these doctors have chosen to receive medical education in countries such as India, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada.

Nigeria has long been a significant contributor to the international healthcare workforce. Nigerian doctors and medical professionals have left their home country in search of better education, career prospects, and improved living conditions abroad. The Nigerian diaspora, particularly in the medical field, has become a vital source of foreign exchange remittances to the country. These remittances play a substantial role in Nigeria's economy and the lives of its citizens.

Nigeria has historically faced challenges in retaining its healthcare professionals. The allure of advanced medical education, superior facilities, better working conditions, and higher earning potential has driven many Nigerian doctors to seek opportunities in countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and more. This migration of medical talent has created a substantial Nigerian medical diaspora across the globe.

Source: https://www.publichealth.com.ng/nigeria-trained-doctors-wait-as-indian-doctors-receive-approval-to-practice-in-us-canada-australia/

The United States and Canada are grappling with shortages of doctors and pharmacists in certain regions and specialties. These shortages were attributed to various factors, including population growth, an aging population, the retirement of medical professionals, geographic disparities, specialty imbalances, and immigration and visa policies. The growing demand for healthcare services due to population growth and the increasing healthcare needs of aging populations contributed to the strain on the existing workforce.

According to data from the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), the United States is projected to face a significant physician shortage in the coming years, with potentially up to 124,000 fewer physicians than needed by the year 2034. This projection is a result of various factors that contribute to the widening gap between the demand for physicians and the available supply.

Canada is also facing challenges with a shortage of physicians, and the situation is expected to worsen significantly in the coming years. Federal data indicates that within just five years, by 2028, Canada could experience a deficit of around 44,000 doctors, with family doctors and general practitioners being particularly affected, accounting for over 30,000 of the projected shortage.

Both countries are also experiencing shortages of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in certain regions and settings. To address these shortages, efforts are being made on multiple fronts. Increasing enrollment in medical schools and offering incentives for more students to pursue primary care or specialties with shortages aimed to bolster the supply of doctors. Recruitment programs are being implemented to attract and retain medical professionals in underserved areas, particularly rural and remote regions. More recently both countries have made changes to make the recruitment of medical professionals from other countries and facilitating their immigration was considered to help fill the gaps in the healthcare workforce.

United States

US Foreign medical graduates (FMGs) who wish to practice medicine in the United States must go through a rigorous process to meet the country's high medical standards and licensing requirements. The Education Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) plays a crucial role in assessing FMGs' qualifications and determining their readiness to enter US graduate medical education (GME) as residents or fellows.

To begin their medical career in the US, FMGs must have completed four years of healthcare education in an accredited medical school listed under the International Medical Education Directory (IMED) by the Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research (FAIMER). Additionally, they must pass the US Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) and obtain ECFMG certification.

The USMLE comprises three steps: Step 1, Step 2 (CK and CS), and Step 3. These exams evaluate the examinee's ability to apply medical knowledge, principles, and concepts in solving medical problems and providing patient care. The exams are designed to test practical skills and the application of medical concepts, rather than solely testing memory.

To become ECFMG-certified, FMGs must pass Step 1 and Step 2 (CK and CS) exams. After obtaining ECFMG certification, they can apply for a residency or fellowship program in a US healthcare facility. Some states may require FMGs to complete all three steps before applying for residency, while others may consider Step 1 and Step 2 scores along with a powerful application letter.

Following successful completion of the USMLE series and ECFMG certification, FMGs can begin the application process for residency programs. They may spend 3-8 years in a residency or fellowship program, depending on their chosen medical specialty. Residency programs are paid positions, and FMGs receive a monthly salary for their services in a US healthcare facility.

Becoming a certified pharmacist in the United States as a foreign-trained professional involves a multistep process overseen by the Foreign Pharmacy Graduate Examination Committee (FPGEC), a committee of the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy. Eligibility requires candidates to have graduated from an approved pharmacy program in their home jurisdiction, hold a valid license, and demonstrate fluency in English. The application process includes submitting documentation of education, licensing, and taking the NABP TOEFL test to establish language proficiency. After successful verification, candidates must pass the Foreign Pharmacy Graduate Equivalency Examination (FPGEE), a comprehensive exam covering various pharmacy-related topics. Passing the FPGEE establishes eligibility for licensing, but actual licensing requirements vary by state, and candidates may need to fulfill additional criteria, such as additional exams, background checks, and ethical conduct agreements.

Foreign-trained pharmacists seeking to work in the US should thoroughly follow the FPGEC's guidelines and state-specific licensing procedures to ensure a smooth transition into the profession. The FPGEC plays a crucial role in evaluating the candidates' qualifications, ensuring their knowledge and training are comparable to US-trained pharmacists. The comprehensive FPGEE examination assesses the candidates' competency in clinical sciences, pharmaceutical sciences, administrative and behavioral topics, and basic biomedical sciences. Obtaining a license to practice pharmacy in the US requires fulfilling each state's unique licensing criteria, which may include further exams and background checks. It is essential for candidates to research and contact the state boards of pharmacy in the states they plan to work to understand specific requirements and ensure compliance with licensing regulations. While the process may be demanding, it guarantees that foreign-trained pharmacists meet the high standards necessary to provide safe and effective healthcare services in the United States.

Many states in the US have created new schemes and programs that makes it possible for foreign trained doctors and pharmacists to be licensed and practice freely within their states.  

Canada

As Canada faces a shortage of physicians, it has implemented various immigration pathways to attract international medical professionals. Physicians can immigrate to Canada through the Federal Skilled Worker Program (FSW) or the Canadian Experience Class (CEC) Express Entry programs. Additionally, Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs) allow provinces and territories to nominate physicians for permanent residence based on regional labor market needs, with some provinces having specific streams dedicated to helping physicians immigrate.

Before physicians can practice in Canada, they must have their qualifications recognized by the Medical Council of Canada (MCC). The MCC grants the qualification known as the Licentiate of the Medical Council of Canada (LMCC) to medical graduates who have met certain criteria, including passing the Medical Council of Canada Qualifying Examination (MCCQE) Part I and Part 2, and completing at least 12 months of acceptable postgraduate training.

To achieve full licensure to practice anywhere in Canada, family physicians must meet specific requirements, including having a medical degree from a recognized medical school, being a Licentiate of the Medical Council of Canada, completing an appropriate postgraduate training program, and achieving certification from relevant medical authorities.

While foreign-trained physicians can start practicing with a provisional license, the licensure requirements may vary among provinces. The MCC offers a credential verification service through PhysiciansApply.ca, helping medical students and graduates navigate the process of becoming licensed physicians in Canada.

One of the challenges faced by internationally-educated physicians immigrating to Canada is the limited availability of residency spots. Expanding the capacity of hospital and university networks, adding educators and assessors, and increasing residency spaces in the medical system are seen as potential solutions to this bottleneck.

Efforts are also being made to streamline credential recognition for internationally-trained physicians and international medical graduates. For instance, the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario (CPSO) is planning to implement a three-month program to recognize foreign credentials of physicians in the province.

Foreign pharmacy graduates who want to become licensed pharmacists in Canada must follow a series of procedures set by the Pharmacy Examining Board of Canada (PEBC). The first step is to have their pharmacy degree evaluated by the PEBC to ensure it meets Canadian standards. This evaluation requires submitting various documents, including the application form, identification, immigration record, university degree certificate, transcript, and licensing statement. Once the document evaluation is completed, candidates can proceed to the next steps.

The next steps involve passing two exams conducted by the PEBC: the Evaluating Exam and the Qualifying Exam. The Evaluating Exam assesses if the candidate's program of study is comparable to Canadian standards, and the Qualifying Exam consists of two parts: a multiple-choice question (MCQ) exam and an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Passing these exams grants the candidate the "Certificate of Qualification" from the PEBC.

After obtaining the PEBC certification, candidates must choose the province in which they want to practice and fulfill additional requirements set by that province's regulatory body. These requirements often include completing a language proficiency exam (e.g., TOEFL or IELTS), practical training in the pharmacy (studentship and internship), and passing a Jurisprudence exam to demonstrate knowledge of pharmacy-related laws and regulations in the province. Once all the requirements are met, candidates can apply for a pharmacist license in the desired province and start their career as a licensed pharmacist in Canada.

Earning Potential Of Internationally-Trained Doctors And Pharmacists in the US and Canada

The earning potential of internationally-trained doctors and pharmacists in the US and Canada can vary significantly depending on various factors such as the specific location, type of employment, level of experience, and specialization. Generally, doctors and pharmacists in both countries can earn competitive salaries due to the critical nature of their roles in the healthcare system.

Internationally-Trained Doctors in the US: In the US, internationally-trained doctors may need to go through a series of exams and residency programs to practice independently. Once they obtain the necessary certifications and licenses, their earnings can vary widely. According to data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median annual wage for physicians and surgeons was around $208,000. However, this can vary significantly depending on the medical specialty, with some specialists earning significantly more.

Internationally-Trained Pharmacists in the US: For internationally-trained pharmacists in the US, the earnings can also vary depending on factors such as the state, type of pharmacy (hospital, retail, etc.), and experience. According to the BLS, the median annual wage for pharmacists in the US was about $128,000.

Internationally-Trained Doctors in Canada: In Canada, the earnings of internationally-trained doctors can vary depending on the province and the specific healthcare system. According to data from the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI), the average gross clinical payment per physician in Canada was around $350,000. However, this average can be higher or lower depending on factors such as the type of practice and location.

Internationally-Trained Pharmacists in Canada: For internationally-trained pharmacists in Canada, the earnings can also vary depending on the province and the specific practice setting. According to data from the Job Bank of the Government of Canada, the median wage for pharmacists in Canada was around $97,000.

It is important to note that these figures are general averages, and actual earnings can vary widely based on individual circumstances. Additionally, salaries can change over time due to factors such as inflation and changes in the healthcare industry.

Source: https://medssafety.com/how-internationally-trained-doctors-and-pharmacist-can-immigrate-and-work-the-us-canada/

Global Threat of Toxic Cough Syrups Sparks WHO's Ongoing Investigation

In a recent report, the World Health Organization (WHO) has revealed an alarming global threat posed by toxic cough syrups that has led to the deaths of over 300 infants on three continents. WHO officials have warned that tainted children's medicines could still be in circulation for several years, and the organization is now collaborating with six more countries to track these potentially deadly drugs.

The WHO has already identified nine countries where contaminated syrups may have been sold. Rutendo Kuwana, the WHO team lead for incidents involving substandard and falsified medicines, emphasized that this is an ongoing risk as adulterated barrels of the essential ingredient, propylene glycol, might still be present in warehouses. Both cough syrups and propylene glycol have shelf-lives of approximately two years.

Pharmaceutical manufacturing experts revealed that unscrupulous actors sometimes substitute propylene glycol with cheaper, toxic alternatives like ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol, which are typically used in brake fluid and other non-consumable products. The WHO suspects that, in 2021, suppliers may have mixed these cheaper alternatives with legitimate chemicals when propylene glycol prices surged. However, tracing the suppliers has proven difficult due to obscure supply chains.

The WHO has issued safety alerts for products from various countries, including India, Gambia, Uzbekistan, Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Indonesia. Several pharmaceutical manufacturers allegedly involved in producing tainted syrups have faced license revocations. However, some manufacturers, like PT Konimex, claim to have recalled contaminated products and received clearance to sell new batches.

Additional countries named by the WHO in its investigation include Timor Leste, Cambodia, Senegal, and the Philippines. While there is currently no risk to the populations in these countries, the WHO is closely monitoring the situation.

Recently, Liberia and Cameroon have also reported potential contamination cases. Liberia, lacking testing facilities, sought assistance from the Nigerian regulator in examining paracetamol syrups sold in its market. Cameroon's health regulator is investigating six deaths linked to a cough syrup branded as Naturcold, bought from unauthorized sources.

The WHO has offered support to countries with limited resources to test their medicines and has urged all nations to enhance surveillance. It should be noted that giving cough syrups to children under 5 has been discouraged by the WHO since 2001 due to limited evidence of their effectiveness and possible side effects.

While the situation remains concerning, the WHO encourages countries to take proactive measures, as many have done, to prevent further harm and ensure the safety of their citizens.

Source: https://medssafety.com/toxic-cough-syrups-kill-300-infants-sparks-investigation-by-who/

The baby pictured above contracted herpes after being kissed by a visitor according to First Doctor. This explains why healthcare experts and pediatricians advise first-time parents of newborns to exercise caution when it comes to letting people kiss their baby on the lips or face, even if it's just a peck.

The reasoning behind this precaution is based on the vulnerability of a baby's immune system during the early stages of life.

Delicate immune system: A newborn's immune system is still developing and is not as strong as that of adults. This makes them more susceptible to infections and illnesses.
Herpes risk: One of the primary concerns is the risk of herpes transmission. Herpes is a viral infection that can be contracted through direct contact with cold sores or oral herpes lesions. Babies can be infected with the herpes virus through a simple kiss, even if there are no visible symptoms on the kisser's lips.
Asymptomatic carriers: It's important to note that some people can carry the herpes virus without showing any symptoms. These individuals, known as asymptomatic carriers, may unknowingly spread the virus to others, including newborns.
Other infections: Aside from herpes, there are various other infections and illnesses that can be transmitted through close contact and kissing. These can range from the common cold and flu to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and other contagious diseases.
Hand hygiene: In addition to discouraging kissing on the lips or face, it's crucial for everyone handling the baby to maintain good hand hygiene. Washing hands thoroughly with soap and water or using hand sanitizer before touching the baby can help reduce the risk of infection.
Boundaries and communication: As a new parent, it's essential to set boundaries politely with family and friends to ensure they understand your wishes for the baby's health and safety. Educating others about the reasons behind these precautions can foster a supportive environment.
Love and affection: While avoiding lip and face kisses, it's important to remember that there are plenty of other ways to show love and affection to the baby. Gentle touches, cuddles, and hugs are all safe ways to bond with the newborn.


Ultimately, taking these precautions helps protect the health and well-being of the baby during its vulnerable stage of development. As the baby grows and their immune system becomes stronger, the risk of infections will naturally decrease. Until then, being cautious and prioritizing the baby's health is of utmost importance for new parents.

Source: https://www.publichealth.com.ng/this-baby-contracted-herpes-after-being-kissed-by-a-visitor/

It's quite a remarkable coincidence that Saeed and Sa'ad, who are identical twins themselves, both married twins and had identical twins of their own on the same day. This situation is indeed extraordinary and could make for an interesting family story. Identical twinning is a rare occurrence, and having both twins marrying twins and having identical twins themselves on the same day adds an even more unusual twist to the tale. The chances of such an event happening are incredibly slim, but life sometimes brings us these extraordinary coincidences that capture our imagination and make for fascinating stories.

This remarkable news was shared by a Twitter user Yusha' S. Abdul  @yusha_abdul and has generated a lot of reactions online. Twins have a unique cultural significance in Nigeria, and their birth is often considered a special event which explains why many women take clomid for twins. Nigeria has one of the highest twinning rates in the world, with the Yoruba ethnic group having the highest rate of twinning globally.

In Nigerian culture, twins are often seen as a blessing and are believed to possess special powers. They are referred to as "ibeji" among the Yoruba people, and they are thought to bring good fortune to their families. The birth of twins is celebrated with joy and festivities.

In some Nigerian communities, there are traditional rituals and customs associated with the birth of twins. For instance, there may be specific ceremonies to welcome and bless the twins, and certain taboos or rules to follow after their birth.

In the Yoruba culture, twins are believed to have a spiritual connection, and it is thought that if one twin dies, the surviving twin must carry a special mark (usually in the form of a tattoo or scarification) to distinguish them from the deceased twin's spirit. This mark is seen as a way to protect the surviving twin from any harm that the deceased twin's spirit may cause.

The Yoruba people also believe that twins have unique personalities and destinies, and they may have specific names and roles within the family or community.

Overall, twins hold a significant cultural and spiritual value in Nigeria, and their birth is celebrated in various ways across different ethnic groups and regions in the country.

Source:

https://www.publichealth.com.ng/identical-twins-married-to-twins-give-birth-to-identical-twins-same-day/

GAVI, the global vaccine alliance, announced a significant step in the fight against malaria in Africa. Over the next two years, a total of 18 million doses of the malaria vaccine, known as RTS,S, will be delivered to 12 countries on the continent. This move aims to expand access to life-saving shots, as the vaccine has shown promise in reducing the devastating impact of malaria.

Malaria remains one of Africa's deadliest diseases, taking the lives of nearly half a million children under the age of five each year. Shockingly, in 2021, the continent accounted for approximately 95% of all global malaria cases and an overwhelming 96% of related deaths, as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). Nigeria bears a significant burden of malaria, with approximately 55 million cases and 90,000 malaria-related deaths reported each year. This relentless disease has far-reaching consequences, not only on public health but also on the country's economy. In 2022, the economic impact of malaria on Nigeria was estimated at $1.6 billion (N687 billion), a staggering figure that reflects the toll it takes on productivity, healthcare costs, and overall well-being. Alarming projections suggest that this economic burden may rise even further, reaching about $2.8 billion (N2 trillion) by the year 2030 if adequate measures are not taken to combat the spread of malaria. Addressing this pressing issue becomes crucial not only for the health and welfare of the Nigerian population but also for the sustained growth and development of the nation's economy. However, the country is not listed among those set to receive the vaccines. 

The WHO Director-General, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, emphasized the demand for the RTS,S vaccine, with at least 28 African countries expressing interest in receiving it. Additionally, there is hope for a second malaria vaccine currently under review for pre-qualification, which could provide an additional supply in the near future.

Since 2019, Ghana, Kenya, and Malawi have been part of a pilot program funded by GAVI, UNICEF, and the WHO, where they have been administering the RTS,S vaccine. As a result of this initiative, more than 1.7 million children in these countries have already received the vaccine, saving countless lives.

Now, the focus is on expanding the vaccination efforts to include nine new countries in Africa. These countries, namely Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Liberia, Niger, Sierra Leone, and Uganda, are set to receive the RTS,S vaccine in the coming months.

The first shipments of the vaccine are expected to reach the 12 African countries during the last quarter of 2023, enabling them to begin rolling out the vaccination programs early next year. This timely action is a critical milestone in the ongoing battle against malaria, providing hope for better health outcomes and a brighter future for millions of people on the continent.

The efforts to combat malaria in Africa are a collaborative endeavor, with the vaccine itself developed by the British drugmaker GSK. With the support of international organizations like GAVI, UNICEF, and the WHO, this endeavor is an essential step towards alleviating the burden of malaria and protecting the most vulnerable populations, especially young children, from this deadly disease.


Source: https://www.publichealth.com.ng/nigeria-missing-as-9-new-african-countries-get-millions-of-malaria-vaccines/

After weeks of uncertainty and confusion, World Health Organization (WHO) has finally declared aspartame the coke sweetener as a possible carcinogen. Aspartame is an artificial sweetener that has been used as a sugar substitute in various food and beverage products. Aspartame is a common ingredient in various diet drinks such as Coke Zero, Diet Coke, Diet Pepsi, Pepsi Max, Sprite Zero, and Fanta Zero. A standard can of these diet beverages typically contains approximately 200mg of aspartame.

The debate over its safety has been ongoing for many years. In this recent development, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), a WHO agency, announced this Friday that aspartame is a possible carcinogen. This means that it has the potential to cause cancer, but it does not definitively prove a direct link to cancer in humans.

On the other hand, the WHO's Department of Nutrition and food safety, represented by Dr. Francesco Branca, stated that at commonly used doses, safety is not a major concern. However, they acknowledged that the potential effects of aspartame need to be investigated further through more and better studies.

The safety concerns raised by the IARC were countered by industry groups, including the Calorie Control Council and the American Beverage Association, who argued that the suggested level of consumption to raise safety concerns is not realistic or aligned with the intended use.

According to the Calorie Control Council, a person weighing 150 lbs would need to consume an unrealistic amount of aspartame-containing products daily over their entire life to raise safety concerns. The statement implies that normal, occasional consumption of aspartame should not pose a risk to most people.

The IARC's conclusion was based on analyzing three observational studies that found a link between beverages sweetened with aspartame and liver cancer, even at lower amounts than what is considered safe for daily consumption.

It's essential to note that the debate over aspartame's safety is not new, and multiple health regulatory agencies worldwide have approved its use as a sugar substitute, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Despite the IARC's assessment, the FDA disagreed with the classification of aspartame as a possible carcinogen to humans, maintaining that it is safe for consumption in recommended doses.

In his contribution, Dr. Oche Otorkpa, a public health expert asserted that the rising global rates of various types of cancer are closely linked to the mass consumption of fast food products containing sweeteners like aspartame as earlier studies have suggested that aspartame could increase the risk of cancer but major food and beverage makers have for decades defended their use of the ingredient for economic reasons.

As with many controversial topics related to food and health, the understanding of aspartame's effects may continue to evolve as further research is conducted. In the meantime, individuals may consider moderation and choosing alternative sweeteners or unsweetened options if they have concerns about aspartame or artificial sweeteners in general. Drinking water or unsweetened beverages is also suggested as a safer option.

Source: https://www.publichealth.com.ng/who-finally-declares-aspartame-the-coke-sweetener-as-a-possible-carcinogen/

The pharmaceutical industry plays a crucial role in advancing healthcare, providing numerous life-saving medications that improve the quality of life for millions of people worldwide. However, alongside their many benefits, pharmaceutical drugs also carry risks, and in some unfortunate cases, they can lead to tragic consequences, including death.
In this article, we delve into some of the popular deaths caused by pharmaceutical drugs, highlighting the need for stringent safety measures and constant vigilance within the industry.

1. Vioxx (Rofecoxib): One of the most well-known instances of pharmaceutical-related deaths is the case of Vioxx. Manufactured by Merck & Co., Vioxx was a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) prescribed for pain relief associated with conditions like arthritis. However, studies revealed an increased risk of heart attacks and strokes in patients taking Vioxx, leading to its withdrawal from the market in 2004. It is estimated that the drug may have caused thousands of deaths worldwide. One of the prominent figures who died due to Vioxx is Robert C. Ernst.
While not a widely known celebrity, his case became highly publicized due to the legal implications surrounding his death. Robert C. Ernst, a 59-year-old marathon runner and former Vioxx user, died in 2001 from a heart attack. His widow, Carol Ernst, filed a lawsuit against Merck & Co., the manufacturer of Vioxx, alleging that the drug caused her husband's death. The case gained significant attention as it became the first Vioxx-related lawsuit to go to trial.
During the trial, it was argued that Vioxx significantly increased the risk of heart attacks and strokes, and Merck allegedly failed to adequately warn patients and physicians about these risks. The jury found Merck liable for Robert Ernst's death and awarded his widow $253 million in damages, which was later reduced due to legal limitations. This landmark case set a precedent for numerous subsequent lawsuits against Merck and played a significant role in raising awareness about the potential dangers associated with Vioxx.
It is important to note that while Robert Ernst's case gained widespread attention, there were numerous other individuals who died or experienced adverse health effects as a result of taking Vioxx. The collective impact of these cases ultimately led to the withdrawal of Vioxx from the market and spurred significant changes in drug safety regulations and monitoring processes.

2. OxyContin (Oxycodone): The opioid crisis has caused devastation across many countries, and OxyContin, a powerful painkiller, has been at the center of it. Although initially marketed as a safer alternative to other opioids due to its extended-release formula, the drug's addictive nature and potential for abuse resulted in widespread misuse. Countless lives have been lost due to overdoses involving OxyContin, prompting tighter regulations on opioid prescriptions and increased efforts to combat addiction. One notable person whose death was associated with OxyContin is musician and artist Prince. On April 21, 2016, Prince was found unresponsive in his home in Minnesota and was later pronounced dead. The official cause of his death was determined to be an accidental overdose of fentanyl, a powerful synthetic opioid. It was reported that Prince had been prescribed pain medication to manage chronic hip pain.
While OxyContin was not specifically mentioned as the drug involved in Prince's overdose, it is worth noting that OxyContin belongs to the same class of drugs (opioids) as fentanyl a synthetic opioid that is up to 50 times stronger than heroin and 100 times stronger than morphine. It is a major contributor to fatal and nonfatal overdoses in the U.S.. Both drugs carry a high risk of addiction and can cause respiratory depression when taken in excessive amounts. The tragic death of Prince brought further attention to the opioid crisis and the dangers associated with prescription painkillers.

Prince's death served as a catalyst for discussions surrounding opioid misuse, the need for better pain management alternatives, and increased efforts to address addiction and overdose prevention. It highlighted the devastating consequences that can arise from the misuse or abuse of powerful prescription medications, including OxyContin.

3. Thalidomide: In the 1950s and 1960s, Thalidomide was prescribed as a sedative and to treat morning sickness in pregnant women. Tragically, it was later discovered that the drug caused severe birth defects, leading to limb abnormalities and other developmental issues in thousands of children. The Thalidomide tragedy raised awareness about the importance of rigorous testing and safety protocols, leading to significant improvements in drug approval processes.
In response to the devastating impact of thalidomide, various compensation programs and legal settlements were established in different countries to support the affected individuals and their families. These initiatives aimed to provide financial assistance, medical care, and other forms of support to help address the lifelong challenges faced by thalidomide survivors.
In many countries, pharmaceutical companies that marketed thalidomide or their insurers have been held accountable for the damage caused by the drug. The compensation programs have been established through legal settlements, government-funded initiatives, or collaborations between the affected individuals and pharmaceutical companies.
The specific details and extent of thalidomide compensation vary across countries. For instance, in Germany, the Contergan Foundation was established in 1972 as a government-funded organization to provide lifelong financial support, medical assistance, and social services to thalidomide survivors. In the United Kingdom, the Thalidomide Trust was set up to provide financial assistance, healthcare support, and mobility aids to the affected individuals.

4. Accutane (Isotretinoin): Accutane, a medication used to treat severe acne, has been linked to a number of deaths by suicide. While it is essential to acknowledge that mental health conditions can be complex, Accutane has been associated with an increased risk of depression and suicidal ideation. In response to these concerns, strict protocols have been established to monitor patients taking the drug and provide appropriate support.
One notable case is that of Charles Bishop, a 15-year-old student pilot in Florida. In January 2002, Bishop stole a small aircraft and crashed it into a building in Tampa, resulting in his own death. It was reported that Bishop had been taking Accutane at the time. His actions sparked debates and raised concerns about the potential link between Accutane and suicidal behavior.
The association between Accutane and suicidal ideation has been the subject of extensive scrutiny and scientific investigation. In response to these concerns, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) implemented strict guidelines for the use of Accutane, including the implementation of the iPLEDGE program in 2006. This program requires patients, prescribers, and pharmacies to adhere to specific protocols to ensure the safe use of the medication, including regular monitoring of patients' mental health.

5. Propofol: Propofol, a potent anesthetic, gained notoriety due to its association with the death of pop icon Michael Jackson in 2009. Although primarily intended for use in hospital settings, the misuse and abuse of Propofol can have fatal consequences. Another notable Propofol-related death is that of Joan Rivers, the renowned comedian and television personality. In August 2014, Joan Rivers underwent a routine endoscopy at a New York City clinic. During the procedure, she was administered Propofol for sedation. Unfortunately, Rivers went into cardiac arrest and subsequently passed away a few days later.
The New York City Medical Examiner's Office determined that the primary cause of Joan Rivers' death was a lack of oxygen to the brain due to the cardiac arrest. While the administration of Propofol was not identified as the sole cause of her death, its use during the procedure raised questions and concerns about the safety and appropriate use of the drug outside of hospital settings.

The tragic incident involving Joan Rivers shed light on the importance of proper training, monitoring, and adherence to established protocols when using Propofol, especially outside the controlled environment of a hospital operating room. It emphasized the need for strict supervision and skilled healthcare professionals trained in anesthesia to administer and monitor the effects of Propofol safely.
The case of Joan Rivers underscored the potential risks associated with the misuse or improper administration of Propofol, a powerful anesthetic medication. It served as a reminder of the critical role of healthcare professionals in ensuring patient safety and the importance of maintaining stringent protocols when using medications with potentially serious side effects.

Conclusion
The instances of popular deaths caused by pharmaceutical drugs highlight the delicate balance between the benefits and risks associated with medications. While pharmaceutical drugs have transformed healthcare and saved countless lives, it is crucial for the industry to maintain strict safety standards, conduct thorough clinical trials, and promptly address emerging concerns.
These tragic incidents serve as reminders of the continuous need for robust regulatory systems, comprehensive patient education, and ongoing monitoring of medications even after they have been approved. By doing so, the medical community can strive to minimize the risks and ensure that patients receive the utmost care and safety when using pharmaceutical drugs.

Source: https://medssafety.com/notable-deaths-caused-by-pharmaceutical-drugs/

By 2030, the World Health Organization (WHO) predicts a significant deficit of approximately 10 million healthcare workers, predominantly affecting low- and lower-middle-income nations. Some countries suffer from chronic underinvestment in the education and training of healthcare professionals, leading to ongoing shortages. Additionally, there is often a disconnect between education and employment strategies concerning healthcare systems and the actual needs of the population. This mismatch further contributes to the scarcity of healthcare workers.

According to a study published in the British Medical Journal there was a shortage of 15 million health workers as at 2020. Compounding the issue is the difficulty in deploying healthcare professionals to rural, remote, and underserved regions. These areas face additional obstacles in attracting and retaining skilled healthcare workers. The situation may vary across different regions and countries, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare systems has further exacerbated the shortage.

In the last few years, the escalating international migration of healthcare workers from developing countries has worsened the shortage, especially in low- and lower-middle-income countries. Poor working conditions and low wages and insecurity have forced many health workers to seek out greener pastures in countries where the doctor and health worker welfare is prioritized. In this article, we bring the list of top countries where health workers migrate to and how much they are paid.

Top Countries Doctors and Health Workers Migrate To and How Much They Are Paid 

The migration of health workers is a worldwide phenomenon that has significant implications for both countries of origin and destinations. This article sheds light on the top countries where health workers migrate to and provides insights into their compensation packages. Discover the hotspots for healthcare professionals and the remuneration they receive in these sought-after destinations.

United States: The United States consistently ranks as one of the most popular destinations for health workers seeking new opportunities. The country offers competitive salaries, with physicians earning an average of $313,000 per year, while registered nurses can expect to make around $75,000 annually. These attractive wages, combined with advanced healthcare facilities, make the US a top choice for professionals in the medical field. States in America are enacting laws to allow foreign health workers including doctors to bypass residency programs due to worsening shortages.

United Kingdom: With its prestigious healthcare system, the United Kingdom has long been a magnet for health workers worldwide. Doctors in the UK earn an average salary of £100,000 ($136,000) per year, while nurses receive around £33,000 ($45,000) annually. In addition to decent compensation, healthcare professionals are drawn to the UK for its high-quality training and career advancement opportunities. According to a 2022 report, NHS England recruited a total of 26,321 doctors. Among them, 12,148 individuals, accounting for 46 percent of the total, were foreign nationals.

Canada: Known for its inclusive healthcare system, Canada is highly appealing to health workers seeking work-life balance and excellent compensation. Physicians in Canada earn an average of $339,000 CAD ($268,000 USD) annually, while registered nurses can make approximately $80,000 CAD ($63,000 USD) per year. Furthermore, Canada's diverse culture and welcoming environment make it an attractive destination for healthcare professionals from around the globe. The College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada has created a short path for foreign doctors to practice medicine in the country.

Australia: Australia has emerged as a popular destination for health workers due to its attractive wages and high living standards. Physicians in Australia can expect to earn an average of AUD 150,000 ($111,000) per year, while nurses earn around AUD 60,000 to AUD 90,000 ($44,000 to $66,000) annually, depending on their experience. The country's robust healthcare infrastructure, alongside its captivating natural beauty, makes it a desirable choice for many health professionals.

United Arab Emirates: The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has rapidly become a prominent destination for health workers in recent years. With its booming healthcare sector and tax-free salaries, the UAE offers an attractive package to professionals in the medical field. Physicians in the UAE can earn an average of AED 420,000 ($114,000) per year, while nurses make approximately AED 90,000 to AED 120,000 ($24,500 to $32,700) annually. The lure of working in state-of-the-art medical facilities and experiencing the vibrant culture of the UAE draws healthcare workers from various backgrounds.

Germany: A Thriving Healthcare Landscape Germany has gained prominence as a top destination for healthcare professionals due to its advanced medical infrastructure and attractive compensation packages. Physicians in Germany enjoy competitive salaries, with average earnings ranging from €50,000 to €100,000 per year. Registered nurses can expect to earn around €30,000 to €50,000 annually. Additionally, Germany's focus on research and innovation provides ample opportunities for professional development.

Saudi Arabia: Saudi Arabia, with its booming healthcare sector and generous compensation, has become an enticing destination for health professionals seeking rewarding career opportunities. Healthcare professionals in Saudi Arabia can enjoy substantial financial benefits, including tax-free income. Physicians working in Saudi Arabia can earn an average annual salary ranging from $80,000 to $300,000, depending on their specialization and experience. Registered nurses receive competitive salaries as well, with average earnings ranging from $30,000 to $80,000 per year. This tax-free income allows workers in the healthcare industry to maximize their earnings and secure a stable financial future.

Conclusion

Healthcare workers worldwide are drawn to countries that offer not only financial rewards but also promising career prospects. The United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and Germany have emerged as prime destinations, providing attractive compensation packages to healthcare professionals. These countries understand the value of skilled healthcare workers and strive to create an environment that fosters personal and professional growth. By recognizing these top destinations and their compensation offerings, we gain a deeper understanding of the global healthcare workforce dynamics and the factors influencing healthcare professionals' migration choices.

Source: https://www.publichealth.com.ng/top-countries-doctors-and-health-workers-migrate-to-and-how-much-they-are-paid/

Following the online spat between Singer Olamide and Dr. Sina over the abuse of nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas. The NDLEA began a nationwide crackdown on 'laughing gas' users.

Here are important facts you should know about Nitrous Oxide:

What is Nitrous oxide?

Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas or N2O, is a colorless gas that has both medical and non-medical uses. In a medical context, nitrous oxide is often used as a dental anesthetic or as an analgesic during childbirth. However, when used recreationally and in excessive amounts, it can lead to abuse and potential health risks.

What is Nitrous oxide abuse?

Nitrous oxide abuse refers to the non-medical, recreational use of the gas for its euphoric and dissociative effects. It is commonly inhaled from small canisters, known as "whippets" or "laughing gas bulbs," These small canisters filled with nitrous oxide are typically used in culinary settings to charge whipped cream dispensers. However,  they have gained popularity as a recreational substance due to the euphoric and dissociative effects of inhaling nitrous oxide gas.

The immediate effects of nitrous oxide abuse include feelings of euphoria, dizziness, lightheadedness, and distortions in perception. Users may also experience laughter or giggling, hence the name "laughing gas." The effects usually last for a few minutes and dissipate quickly after inhalation stops. Nitrous oxide abuse is often seen in social settings, such as parties or music festivals. 

Dangers Of Nitrous Oxide Abuse

Nitrous oxide abuse can be dangerous, particularly when used in excessive amounts or in combination with other substances. Some potential risks and negative consequences associated with nitrous oxide abuse include: Dangers Of Nitrous Oxide Abuse

Oxygen Deprivation: One of the most significant dangers of nitrous oxide abuse is oxygen deprivation. When nitrous oxide is inhaled, it displaces oxygen in the lungs, potentially leading to a lack of oxygen reaching the brain and other vital organs. Oxygen deprivation can cause dizziness, confusion, loss of consciousness, and in severe cases, it can result in brain damage or death.
Asphyxiation: Nitrous oxide is typically inhaled from small canisters, and improper use or misuse can lead to asphyxiation. If the gas is inhaled directly from the canister or in an enclosed space without proper ventilation, it can deplete the oxygen levels in the air, leading to suffocation.
Physical Injury: Handling nitrous oxide canisters improperly can pose risks of physical injury. The gas is often stored under high pressure, and if mishandled or discharged incorrectly, it can cause frostbite or burns to the skin, especially on the face, fingers, or other body parts in close proximity to the release point.
Accidents and Impaired Judgment: Nitrous oxide abuse can impair coordination, judgment, and cognitive function. Engaging in activities such as driving or operating machinery while under the influence of nitrous oxide significantly increases the risk of accidents and injuries to oneself and others.
Interactions with Other Substances: Combining nitrous oxide with other substances, especially depressants like alcohol or opioids, can have dangerous effects. The combined depressant effects can lead to severe respiratory depression, unconsciousness, and overdose.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Chronic nitrous oxide abuse can interfere with the body's ability to utilize vitamin B12. A prolonged deficiency of vitamin B12 can result in nerve damage, numbness, tingling sensations, weakness, and anemia.
Psychological and Cognitive Effects: Long-term abuse of nitrous oxide can have detrimental effects on mental health and cognitive function. It can lead to memory loss, confusion, mood swings, anxiety, and depression.
Gastrointestinal Issues: Nitrous oxide abuse can irritate the gastrointestinal tract, leading to nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and digestive problems.
Addiction and Dependence: Nitrous oxide abuse can lead to psychological dependence, where individuals feel a strong compulsion to use the gas repeatedly. This can disrupt daily life, relationships, and overall well-being.
Legal Consequences: The NDLEA has declared the non-medical use of nitrous oxide is illegal. Engaging in nitrous oxide abuse can result in legal repercussions, including fines and criminal charges.

It's important to remember that nitrous oxide has legitimate medical uses, but when misused or abused, it can have serious health and safety risks. If you or someone you know is struggling with nitrous oxide abuse, seeking professional help and support is crucial for overcoming the addiction and addressing any related health issues.

What Celebrities Can Do To Stop Nitrous Oxide Abuse

Celebrities including Olamide can play a significant role in raising awareness and combating nitrous oxide abuse by utilizing their platform and influence. Here are some actions they can take:

Public Awareness Campaigns: Celebrities can collaborate with organizations that focus on substance abuse prevention and education to launch public awareness campaigns specifically targeting nitrous oxide abuse. Through social media, interviews, public service announcements, and other media channels, they can spread information about the dangers of nitrous oxide abuse, its potential consequences, and resources available for those seeking help.
Advocacy for Policy Changes: Celebrities can use their influence to advocate for stricter regulations and policies surrounding the sale, distribution, and use of nitrous oxide. They can support efforts to make it harder for individuals to access nitrous oxide for non-medical purposes, ensuring that it is used responsibly and within appropriate settings.
Collaborations with Health Professionals: Celebrities can partner with healthcare professionals, addiction specialists, and mental health organizations to raise awareness about the risks of nitrous oxide abuse and to promote available resources for prevention and treatment. These collaborations can include public discussions, expert interviews, and educational events aimed at informing the public about the dangers and supporting those in need.
Sharing Personal Stories and Experiences: Celebrities who have dealt with substance abuse issues or have overcome addiction can share their personal stories to inspire others and provide hope. By opening up about their own struggles and recovery journeys, they can reduce the stigma associated with addiction and encourage individuals to seek help and support.
Fundraising and Support for Treatment Centers: Celebrities can use their platform to organize fundraisers and support treatment centers, rehabilitation programs, and organizations that specialize in addiction recovery. By contributing their time, resources, and influence, they can help expand access to treatment and support services for individuals struggling with nitrous oxide abuse.
Setting a Positive Example: Celebrities can be role models by practicing responsible behavior and avoiding the promotion or endorsement of nitrous oxide abuse or any other substance misuse. They can demonstrate healthy lifestyle choices and encourage their fans and followers to prioritize their well-being.
Collaboration with Entertainment Industry: Celebrities in the entertainment industry can collaborate with event organizers, music festivals, and venues to implement stricter regulations and policies regarding the use of nitrous oxide on their premises. This can include increased security measures, educational initiatives, and monitoring to discourage and prevent nitrous oxide abuse at such events.

It's important to note that celebrities alone cannot solve the problem of nitrous oxide abuse, but their involvement can significantly raise awareness, encourage dialogue, and contribute to a broader societal effort to address substance abuse issues.

Source: https://www.publichealth.com.ng/important-facts-about-laughing-gas-and-why-ndlea-banned-it/

Canada has joined the United States which recently enacted a law to allow foreign-trained doctors to bypass the residency training program as the shortage of health workers in the country bites harder. The College of Physicians and Surgeons of. Nova Scotia one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada has created a short path to enable Nigeria and other foreign doctors to practice medicine in the country. This latest decision by the college underscores the importance of doctors in a society.

It could be recalled that many Nigerian doctors who migrated to Canada were hitherto unable to practice in Canada like their colleagues in the UK due to stringent licensing procedures and the nonrecognition of their fellowships. The situation has forced many Medical Consultants and licensed pharmacists from Nigeria into cab driving and other menial jobs while waiting to be certified.

According to a statement released by the College, the procedures and eligibility criteria are as follows:

Family Medicine Specialists

For internationally trained family medicine specialists, the Nova Scotia Practice Ready Assessment Program (NSPRAP) ensures that international medical graduates (IMGs) who wish to practice family medicine in Nova Scotia possess the appropriate clinical skills and knowledge to provide quality patient care.

The Nova Scotia Practice Ready Assessment Program (NSPRAP) is for family medicine specialists who:

have completed postgraduate training in family medicine outside Canada;

do not yet meet Nova Scotia’s licensing requirements; and meet the eligibility criteria for the PRA in Family Medicine.


Eligibility

You must meet the requirements for all license applications to practice medicine in Nova Scotia.

You must be a Licentiate of the Medical Council of Canada (LMCC) or Qualify for an Acceptable Alternative to the LMCC

You must have at least 2 years of postgraduate training toward recognition as a general practitioner or family medicine specialist.

You must have completed at least 8 weeks of training in all of the following fields:
• family medicine or general practice;
• internal medicine;
• surgery;
• paediatrics;
• psychiatry; and
• obstetrics and gynecology.

Please note: The registrar may accept 8-16 weeks of extra training in family medicine instead of training in psychiatry, obstetrics, and gynecology.
The College will consider Emergency Medicine rotations as part of the 24 months of postgraduate training.

You must have practiced independently for at least 2 years in a family or general practice AND for at least 450 hours within 3 years of applying for the NSPRAP

You must have fewer than two prior failed attempts in Canadian practice-ready assessment programs.

How to Apply

Step 1: You submit your credentials to be verified

Step 2: We review your application

Step 3: Your application is screened by the NSPRAP

Step 4: You submit an application for a Clinical Assessment license

Step 5: You undergo a clinical field assessment

Step 6: You receive your license to practice

Other Specialists

You may be eligible for a Practice Ready Assessment for Specialists (PRA Specialists) if you meet the criteria and have been endorsed by Nova Scotia Health.

The PRA Specialists is for specialists who:

have specialty training and certification from a jurisdiction other than the 29 accepted by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC) (for more information, see the RCPSC Specialty Training Requirements to compare your postgraduate training to the Canadian standard); and meet the screening criteria for Practice Readiness Assessment (PRA) for Specialists.

Please note: A PRA is not conducted in subspecialty disciplines.

Eligibility

You must meet the requirements for all license applications to practice medicine in Nova Scotia.

You must be a Licentiate of the Medical Council of Canada (LMCC) or Qualify for an Acceptable Alternative to the LMCC

You must provide a record of postgraduate training that is substantially equivalent to Canadian training and has been satisfactorily completed. Refer to the RCPSC Specialty Training Requirements.

You must have specialty certification from an international jurisdiction, equivalent to a primary specialty as defined by the RCPSC.

You must have a minimum of 3 years of independent practice in the discipline.

You must demonstrate evidence of currency of practice in the primary specialty, defined as at least 450 hours within the last 3 years

You must have fewer than two prior failed attempts in Canadian practice-ready assessment programs.

How to Apply

Step 1: You are endorsed by Nova Scotia Health or IWK Health Centre

Step 2: You submit your credentials to be verified

Step 3: We review your application

Step 4: You submit an application for Clinical Assessment license

Step 5: You undergo a clinical field assessment

Step 6: You receive your license to practice

Nigeria Doctors with an interest in practicing in Canada can get further details here:https://cpsns.ns.ca/registration-licensing/future-practice/practice-ready-assessment/

In related news, the Canadian Pharmacists Association (CphA) has also declared a national shortage of pharmacists in Canada. Small communities across Alberta are struggling to recruit pharmacists for vacant positions and according a county Mayor Paul Reutov, they are having a hard time finding several categories of physicians and many types of pharmacists. He said the community needs 13 physicians to meet AHS coverage standards, and there are currently five doctors working.

Source: https://www.publichealth.com.ng/canada-joins-us-changes-rules-for-nigerian-doctors-others-to-practice/

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), also known as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), are infections that are primarily spread through sexual contact. They can be caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi. STDs can affect both men and women, and they can have serious health consequences if left untreated.

Globally, the number of people affected by STDs is quite significant. According to the World Health Organization , more than 1 million sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are acquired every day worldwide, the majority of which are asymptomatic. These infections (STIs) occurred mostly among individuals aged 15-49 years. This includes infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and trichomoniasis. These figures do not include viral infections like HPV or herpes.

Nigeria has reported a high burden of sexually transmitted infections. According to the National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA) in Nigeria, in 2019, there were approximately 1.9 million new cases of sexually transmitted infections in the country. This figure includes both curable STIs like chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis, as well as viral infections like HIV.

There are many different types of STDs, each with its own set of symptoms, transmission methods, and treatments. Some common examples of STDs include:

Chlamydia: A bacterial infection that can affect both men and women. It can cause genital pain, discharge, and inflammation, but it often has no symptoms.
Gonorrhea: Another bacterial infection that can cause similar symptoms to chlamydia. It can also lead to complications if left untreated.
Syphilis: A bacterial infection that progresses in stages and can cause a variety of symptoms, including sores, rashes, and systemic illness if not treated.
Human papillomavirus (HPV): A viral infection that is very common and can lead to genital warts and certain types of cancers, including cervical, anal, and throat cancer.
Herpes: A viral infection that causes recurrent outbreaks of painful blisters. It can be caused by two types of herpes simplex viruses, HSV-1 and HSV-2.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): A viral infection that attacks the immune system and can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV is primarily transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing needles, or from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding.

Hepatitis B and C: Viral infections that primarily affect the liver. They can be transmitted sexually, through sharing needles, or from mother to child during childbirth.

Early Signs of Sexually Transmitted Diseases You Should Not Ignore

Recognizing the early signs of STDs is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment. Many STDs may initially present with mild or even no symptoms, making it essential to be aware of potential signs and seek medical attention if you suspect you may have been exposed these are not the fictitious blue waffle disease or HIV that take months for symptoms to manifest. In this section, we will discuss some common early signs of STDs that you should not ignore.

Unusual Discharge: Abnormal genital discharge can be a sign of several STDs. For instance, a yellowish or greenish discharge from the vagina or penis could indicate a bacterial infection like gonorrhea or trichomoniasis. Women may also experience a frothy discharge with a strong odor, which could be a symptom of trichomoniasis.
Pain or Burning Sensation: Pain or a burning sensation during urination can be a sign of an STD. It is commonly associated with infections such as chlamydia and gonorrhea. Both men and women may experience discomfort or pain while passing urine when infected with these bacteria.
Genital Sores or Bumps: The presence of sores, blisters, or ulcers in the genital area is often a symptom of certain STDs, including herpes and syphilis. These sores may be painful, itchy, or tender. It's important to note that not all STDs cause visible sores, and some infections like chlamydia and gonorrhea may not produce any external signs.
Genital Itching or Irritation: Persistent itching or irritation in the genital area can be a symptom of various STDs. It may be caused by the presence of pubic lice (crabs), scabies, or a fungal infection like candidiasis. These parasites or fungi can be transmitted through sexual contact and cause discomfort.
Abdominal Pain or Pelvic Discomfort: Some STDs, particularly pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), can lead to abdominal pain or discomfort. PID is often caused by untreated chlamydia or gonorrhea and can result in severe complications if left unaddressed. Women experiencing persistent pelvic pain or discomfort should seek medical attention promptly.
Rashes or Skin Lesions: Certain STDs can manifest as rashes or skin lesions on the genitals or other areas of the body. Syphilis, for instance, can cause a painless, round, and firm sore called a chancre. These sores often go unnoticed as they are painless and may heal on their own. However, the infection progresses if left untreated, potentially causing severe health issues.
 
Conclusion

Recognizing the early signs of sexually transmitted diseases is crucial for prompt diagnosis and treatment. If you experience any of the symptoms mentioned above or suspect you may have been exposed to an STD, it is vital to seek medical attention. Remember, many STDs can be effectively treated with medications, and early intervention can help prevent complications and reduce the risk of transmission to others. Practicing safe sex, getting regular STD testing, and open communication with your healthcare provider are key to maintaining sexual health.

Source: https://www.publichealth.com.ng/early-signs-of-sexually-transmitted-disease-you-should-not-ignore/

The Food and administration in the United States has warned consumers of the presence of undeclared ingredients in Pink Pussy Cat Pills, a dietary supplement that claims to enhance sexual arousal and improved orgasm in women.

The Food and Drug Administration advised consumers not to purchase or use the product promoted and sold for sexual enhancement on various websites, and in some retail stores.

FDA laboratory analysis confirmed that Pink Pussycat pills contains sildenafil, the active ingredient in the FDA Approved prescription drug Viagra, used to treat erectile dysfunction in men.

FDA’s approval of Viagra is restricted to use under the supervision of a licensed health care professional. This undeclared ingredient may interact with nitrates found in some prescription drugs, such as nitroglycerin, and may lower blood pressure to dangerous levels. People with diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or heart disease often take nitrates.

It could be recalled that NAFDAC also issued a recall alert in May for the pink pill. In its own statement the agency also advised consumers to stop the purchase and use of product. According to the NAFDAC:

"Members of the public in possession of the implicated products are implored to stop the sale or use and handover products to the nearest NAFDAC office.

Patients should contact their physician or healthcare provider if they have experienced any problems that may be related to using any of the implicated product.

NAFDAC encourages healthcare professionals, consumers and patients to report adverse events related to the use of the products to the nearest NAFDAC office, NAFDAC PRASCOR (20543 TOLLS FREE from all networks) or via pharmacovigilance@nafdac.gov.ng, E- reporting platforms available on the NAFDAC website or via the Med- safety application available for download on android and IOS stores"

Nigeria is a known dumping ground for all manner of unregulated products and most notification to inform the public of harmful products marketed as dietary supplements or conventional foods with hidden drug ingredients and chemicals are often ignored by consumers until it has cause irreversible damage.

Products like the pink pill are typically promoted for sexual enhancement, weight loss, or body building and are often represented as being “all natural.

Regulatory agencies are stretched and unable to test and identify all products marketed as dietary supplements that have potentially harmful hidden ingredients. Consumers should exercise caution before purchasing any product in the above categories.

Source:
https://medssafety.com/are-pink-pussycat-sex-pills-safe-for-you-to-take/

A new law in the United States is set to allow Nigerian-trained medical doctors, or doctors from any specific country, to bypass US residency requirements. In the United States, medical residency is an essential part of the training process for international medical graduates (IMGs) who wish to practice medicine in the country. IMGs, including doctors trained in Nigeria or any other foreign country, typically need to complete a residency program accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) or the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) in order to obtain a medical license and practice independently.

Pediatric nephrologist Bryan Carmody, MD, recalls working alongside an extremely experienced neonatologist during his residency. She had managed a neonatal intensive care unit in her home country of Lithuania, but because she wanted to practice in the United States, it took years of repeat training before she was eligible for a medical license.

"She was very accomplished, and she was wonderful to have as a co-resident at the time," Carmody said told Medscape Medical News.

The neonatologist now practices at a US academic medical center, but to obtain that position, she had to complete 3 years of pediatric residency and 3 years of fellowship in the US, Carmody said.

Such training for international medical graduates (IMGs) is a routine part of obtaining a US medical license, but a new Tennessee law bypasses these requirements and creates a quicker pathway for IMGs to secure medical licenses in the US.

The American Medical Association (AMA) took similar measures at its recent annual meeting, making it easier for IMGs to gain licensure. Because the pandemic and Russia's invasion of Ukraine disrupted the process by which some IMGs had their licenses verified, the AMA is now encouraging state licensing boards and other credentialing institutions to accept certification from the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates as verification, rather than requiring documents directly from international medical schools.

When it comes to Tennessee's new law, signed by Gov. Bill Lee in April, experienced IMGs who have received medical training abroad can skip US residency requirements and obtain a temporary license to practice medicine in Tennessee if they meet certain qualifications.

International doctors must demonstrate competency, as determined by the state medical board. In addition, they must have completed a 3-year postgraduate training program in the graduate's licensing country or otherwise have practiced as a medical professional in which they performed the duties of a physician for at least 3 of the past 5 years outside the US, according to the new law.

To be approved, IMGs must also have received an employment offer from a Tennessee healthcare provider that has a residency program accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.

If physicians remain in good standing for 2 years, the board will grant them a full and unrestricted license to practice in Tennessee.

"The new legislation opens up a lot of doors for international medical graduates and is also a lifeline for a lot of underserved areas in Tennessee," said Asim Ansari, MD, a Canadian who attended medical school in the Caribbean and is an advocate for IMGs.

Ansari is participating in a child and adolescent psychiatry fellowship at KU Medical Center in Kansas City until he can apply for the sixth time to a residency program. "This could possibly be a model that other states may want to implement in a few years."

What's Behind the Law?

A predicted physician shortage in Tennessee drove the legislation, said Rep. Sabi "Doc" Kumar, MD, vice chair for the Tennessee House Health Committee and a co-sponsor of the legislation. Legislators hope the law will mitigate that shortage and boost the number of physicians practicing in underserved areas of the state, Kumar said.

"Considering that 1 in 4 physicians in the US are international medical graduates, it was important for us to be able to attract those physicians to Tennessee," he said.

The Tennessee Board of Medical Examiners will develop administrative rules for the law, which may take up to a year, Kumar said. He expects the program to be available to IMGs beginning in mid-2024.

Upon completion of the program, IMGs will be able to practice general medicine in Tennessee, not a specialty. Requirements for specialty certification would have to be met through the specialties' respective boards.

Carmody, who blogs about medical education, including the new legislation, told Medscape the law will greatly benefit experienced IMGs, who often are bypassed as residency candidates because they graduated years ago. Hospitals also win because they can fill positions that otherwise might sit vacant, he said.

Family physician Sahil Bawa, MD, an IMG from India who recently matched into his specialty, said the Tennessee legislation will help fellow IMGs find US medical jobs.

"It's very difficult for IMGs to get into residency in the US," he said. "I've seen people with medical degrees from other countries drive Uber or do odd jobs to sustain themselves here. I've known a few people who have left and gone back to their home country because they were not accepted into a residency."

Who Benefits Most?

Bawa noted that the legislation would not have helped him, as he needed a visa to practice in the US and the law does not include the sponsoring of visas. The legislation requires IMGs to show evidence of citizenship or evidence that they are legally entitled to live or work in the US.

US citizen IMGs who haven't completed a residency or who practiced in another country also are left out of the law, Carmody said.

"This law is designed to take the most accomplished cream of the crop international medical graduates with the most experience and the most sophisticated skill set and send them to Tennessee. I think that's the intent," he said. "But many international medical graduates are US citizens who don't have the opportunity to practice in countries other than United States or do residencies. A lot of these people are sitting on the sidelines, unable to secure residency positions. I'm sure they would be desperate for a program like this."

Questions Remain

"Just because the doctor can get a [temporary] license without the training doesn't mean employers are going to be interested in sponsoring those doctors," said Adam Cohen, an immigration attorney who practices in Memphis. "What is the inclination of these employers to hire these physicians who have undergone training outside the US? And will there be skepticism on the part of employers about the competence of these doctors?"

"Hospital systems will be able to hire experienced practitioners for a very low cost," Ansari said. "So now you have these additional bodies who can do the work of a physician, but you don't have to pay them as much as a physician for 2 years. And because some are desperate to work, they will take lower pay as long as they have a pathway to full licensure in Tennessee. What are the protections for these physicians? Who will cover their insurance? Who will be responsible for them, the attendees? And will the attendees be willing to put their license on the line for them?"

In addition, Carmody questions what, if anything, will encourage IMGs to work in underserved areas in Tennessee after their 2 years are up and whether there will be any incentives to guide them. He wonders, too, whether the physicians will be stuck practicing in Tennessee following completion of the program.

"Will these physicians only be able to work in Tennessee?" he asked. "I think that's probably going to be the case, because they'll be licensed in Tennessee, but to go to another state, they would be missing the required residency training. So it might be these folks are stuck in Tennessee unless other states develop reciprocal arrangements."

Other states would have to decide whether to recognize the Tennessee license acquired through this pathway, Kumar said.

He explained that the sponsoring sites would be responsible for providing work-hour restrictions and liability protections. There are currently no incentives in the legislation for IMGs to practice in rural, underserved areas, but the hospitals and communities there generally offer incentives when recruiting, Kumar said.

"The law definitely has the potential to be helpful," Cohen said, "because there's an ability to place providers in the state without having to go through the bottleneck of limited residency slots. If other states see a positive effect on Tennessee or are exploring ways to alleviate their own shortages, it's possible [they] might follow suit."

Kumar agrees that other states will be watching Tennessee to weigh the law's success.

"I think the law will have to prove itself and show that Tennessee has benefited from it and that the results have been good," he said. "We are providing a pioneering way for attracting medical graduates and making it easier for them to obtain a license. I would think other states would want to do that."

Nigerian doctors have made substantial contributions to the global healthcare industry and are highly regarded for their skills and expertise. Many Nigerian physicians have pursued opportunities abroad due to factors such as professional advancement, access to advanced medical technologies, research opportunities, or better economic prospects.

Source: https://www.publichealth.com.ng/new-law-allows-nigerian-trained-medical-doctors-to-bypass-us-residency/

sangresan:


This idiiot will just dump stupid write-ups on Nairaland.

Excellent write up you mean

Obi is a House boy to Atiku

KingsCity:
I do not waste my time to read anything written by Otor Okpa

I know he would be saying people should vote for Atiku, someone whose former boss Obasanjo said is a thief . He wasn’t even president and what he stole can feed all Nigerians for generations

I know Otor Kpakima is stewpid and even without reading the rubbish he wrote I can tell he didn’t consider CHARACTER and INTEGRITY

VOTE PETER OBI PLEASE

Nonsense we are voting Atiku

A chieftain of the Peoples Democratic Party in Oyo State, Chief Jumoke Akinjide, has berated the presidential candidate of the All Peoples Congress, Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu, accusing the 70-year-old of being selfish and insensitive to the plight of Nigerians.

The former Minister of the Federal Capital Territory said Tinubu is only interested in his mandate and not the suffering of Nigerians.

Akinjide said this on Saturday when she was featured on a Lagelu FM 96.7 programme, ‘Bose n lo’, anchored by Temitayo Oyeladun and monitored online by the PUNCH.

While commenting on Tinubu’s visit to Governor Seyi Makinde of Oyo, Akinjide said the visit is a sign that the APC presidential candidate has abandoned the governorship candidate of his party in the state, Sen. Teslim Folarin.

She said, “Tinubu is a National leader of the APC but didn’t complain about the suffering of Nigerians in almost eight years (of the President, Major General Muhammadu Buhari (retd.)’s regime) but he’s only complaining now because his party’s policies are threatening his ambition.

“Tinubu came to Ibadan and visited Governor Seyi Makinde, heaping praises on him and acknowledging the achievement of the party (PDP) in the state. He got to Mapo Hall and just handed the flag to the party standard-bearer without a word of campaign for himself or the gubernatorial candidate of the party.”

Akinjide said that was a sign Tinubu has subtly abandoned the candidate of his party and supported the candidate of the PDP.

She also lamented Tinubu’s snub of the Olubadan-in-Council, who waited all day in expectation of welcoming him.

“They (Tinubu and other APC chieftains) came to the state, went to the governor, to Mapo, then went to meet with some Obas, here in Ibadan and went straight to the airport without visiting His Imperial Majesty, the Olubadan of Ibadan. That’s very bad. Even Presidents won’t do that” Akinjide lamented.

Responding to Akinjide’s allegations, a former deputy governor of the state, Engr Rauf Olaniyan, who also featured on the Lagelu FM programme, said the allegations are flimsy and that the ruling party in the state is more fragmented.

“If they deceive you don’t deceive yourself. Have you ever seen Akinjide follow Seyi to any campaign ground,” Olaniyan asked.

In response to allegations that Tinubu didn’t say a word at Mapo Hall, Olaniyan said, “Tinubu would have cried in appreciation of the reception he received in Oyo State if he made to speak. What more would you want him to say? The crowd was reassuring enough beyond words. Asiwaju had nothing more to say.” Olaniyan was the deputy governor to Engr Seyi Makinde but was impeached by the Oyo State House of Assembly.

Source https://punchng.com/tinubu-has-abandoned-folarin-akinjide/?utm_term=Autofeed&utm_medium=Social&utm_source=Twitter#Echobox=1676713163

samfrancis1:
Yes o.. as na sport and football be Nigeria problem now.. God punish all mumus

Haba Sports is a unifying factor in Nigeria na we are so divided Atiku makes sense here

KikBuhari2Daura:


Stop displaying your foolishness
Read what you wrote up there and am sure you support a football club in the EPL too

Many of them are Ipob members on leave

oluwaseyi0:
Atiku threads is always extremely dry

I actually pity the man

No critics, no supporter, nothing nothing

Because you dont like the man does not mean he does not have millions of people who love him

successmatters:
Wike will ensure Atiku loses south south

Rivers People are not robots

Atiku......a man on a mission he is well prepared for

Looks smarter and more prepared than the other contestants.

Two areas that will benefit from an Atiku Presidency are Education and Health

Sad things happening in the church May God Help us

We wish him all the best

MT:


Having 36 different "evils" as against 1 evil, how does that sound?? The governors are extremely evil and they are part of thE hidden problems we face. But presidency is always blamed for all the troubles. What are the governors using the monthly security allocation for??

I see your point but its either we try or sink without trying

cacovid