Today, homeowners have access to several water treatment systems to help control minerals and contaminants and to disinfect their water. Many homes in Nigeria have some type of water treatment device. Mistrust of public water utilities, uncertainty over water quality standards, concerns about general health issues and limited understanding about home water treatment systems have all played a role in this increasing demand for home water treatment systems. Private well owners also need to provide safe drinking water for their families and have to make decisions as to how to treat their own water sources to meet this need. However, choosing a water treatment system is no easy task. Depending of the volume of water and degree of contamination, the homeowner should consider professional assistance in selecting and installing water treatment systems. The process of selection is often confounded by incomplete or misleading information about water quality, treatment options, and costs. The following paragraphs outline the major water treatment options.

Particle and Microfiltration
Particle filtration is a process that removes small amounts of suspended particles, ranging in size from sand to clay, from water. It can be used alone or prior to other water treatment devices installed in homes. Home filters are not intended to filter large amounts of particles. However, larger filtration systems (usually located near the well head or at the home point of entry) are available to remove well sediments and particulates, depending on the well water quality. Microfiltration may also be used to remove some bacteria and large pathogens, like cysts (Giardia and Cryptosporidium). Note that microfiltration should not be relied on to disinfect water with high concentrations of bacteria and viruses; instead, chemical disinfection should be used. Other forms of filtration include ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis.

Activated Carbon Filter
Activated carbon filtration, a form of ultrafiltration, often used as a point of use treatment, may be selected to reduce unwanted taste, odor, and low concentrations of organic chemicals (such as pesticides and solvents) from drinking water. Activated carbon will also reduce radon gas and residual chlorine. Larger filters are available to treat high volumes of water but these usually require professional installation and maintenance. Carbon filters will not remove or reduce major inorganic ions (e.g., sodium, calcium, chloride, nitrate, and fluoride or metals). However, some carbon filters can reduce lead, copper, and mercury. Activated carbon filters will not soften the water or disinfect it. If the source water is cloudy, a particle filter should be used before the activated carbon filter in order to remove particles that may plug or reduce its efficiency.

Reverse Osmosis
Reverse osmosis (RO) is becoming a common home treatment method to reduce total dissolved solids (TDS) in drinking water. RO, probably best known for its use in water desalinization projects, can also reduce chemicals associated with unwanted color and taste. It also may reduce pollutants like arsenic, lead, and many types of organic chemicals. RO treatment is not effective for the removal of dissolved gases such as radon, or for some pesticides and volatile organic chemicals such as solvents. Consumers should check with the manufacturer to determine which contaminants are targeted and what percent of the contaminant is removed. RO is not recommended for sediment (particle) and pathogens. Pretreatments such as particle filtration (to remove sediments), carbon filtration (to remove volatile organic chemicals), chlorination (to disinfect and prevent microbial growth), pH adjustment or even water softening (to prevent excessive fouling produced by water with excessive hardness) may be necessary for optimum RO functioning.

Disinfection
Waterborne contaminants must be either filtered out of the water or killed (inactivated) to make the water safe to drink. The methods discussed above are not suitable (except for distillation) for this purpose. As a rule, water must be disinfected using chemicals (oxidizing agents such sodium or calcium hypochlorite, chloramines, chlorine and ozone), boiling, or ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Water disinfection will not remove inorganic contaminants from water but it may change the chemical species of some of them and can form disinfection byproducts that may be of concern.

Boiling
Two minutes of vigorous boiling ensures biological safety 2 . Boiling kills most organisms in water (whereas chlorination reduces them to safe levels). However, boiling is costly and practical only as an emergency measure. Remember that once boiled, cooled water must be protected from recontamination.

Ion Exchange
Water Softening Ion exchange units that replace calcium and magnesium ions from water are known as water softeners. They may also remove varying amounts of other inorganic pollutants such as metals, but they will not remove organic chemicals, pathogens, particles, or radon gas. Water softener units work most efficiently with particulate-free water. Note that soft water, in particular with elevated sodium levels, should not be used to water houseplants, garden vegetables or yard plants with low salinity tolerance. Soft water may not be suitable for drinking due to its salty taste and elevated levels of sodium or potassium.

Always insist on Professionals for your Water treatment needs.

I use this product from Unilever called Pure-it and it has been fantastic so far. This is the link.
http://www.pureitwater.com/NG/benefits

Soknown:
I use this product from Unilever called Pure-it and it has been fantastic so far. This is the link.
http://www.pureitwater.com/NG/benefits

I also use pureit water filtration but the water that comes out tastes a little salty. I noticed that the source water (from the borehole) is the source of the salt. So now I only use it to cook. I would have been happy if it removes sodium.

poseidon12:


I also use pureit water filtration but the water that comes out tastes a little salty. I noticed that the source water (from the borehole) is the source of the salt. So now I only use it to cook. I would have been happy if it removes sodium.

Wow that is a new one, The carbon filter and the polisher should be able to remove all taste n color, Please call their customer care to see if there is a remedy.

poseidon12:


I also use pureit water filtration but the water that comes out tastes a little salty. I noticed that the source water (from the borehole) is the source of the salt. So now I only use it to cook. I would have been happy if it removes sodium.

Pureit water filtration can not remove the salt taste from your water, the only economic viable system that can remove salt is the Reverse Osmosis (RO)System.

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