OZAOEKPE:
"I'm proud to be a Christian". Quote me anywhere.

lampardizik:

Prodeegee:
wicked!

bobbysaxy:
Brucellosis is a disease caused by Brucella
canis, which is a bacteria that was first isolated
from dead puppy fetuses in the middle 1960’s.
It is the most common bacteria that can infect
bitches and their fetuses. It seems that over the
years much has been written on brucellosis in
breeding dogs, but despite it all, infection rates
may run as high as 8-10%. That is right, it is
suspected that one in ten dogs in this country
may carry Brucella canis.
Brucella canis also poses a significant public
health hazard since it is transmissible to
humans, especially those handling aborted
fetuses. Humans may develop a serious liver
impairment or arthritis.
Medical advancements in controlling this
disease have been few and far between.
Contrary to some opinions, it is a very difficult
disorder to treat, and in most cases, treatment
is unsuccessful. A prevalent attitude among
many people is that "if my dogs get it, then I
will treat it." This is a serious mistake because
you probably will not cure it, and if you do, the
individual will probably be sterile or be a poor
breeding specimen.
Transmission of Brucella canis
B. canis is sexually transmitted by the mating
of infected males and females. Brucella canis in
the female dog will live in the vaginal and
uterine tissue and secretions for years, and
except in rare cases, for life. The infected
female usually appears healthy with no signs of
disease or indication that she is a 'carrier ' or
harborer of the organisms. She can spread the
bacteria to other animals through her urine,
aborted fetuses, or most commonly through the
act of breeding. Once pregnant, the bacteria will
also infect the developing fetuses causing
illness.
In males, the Brucella bacteria live in the
testicles and seminal fluids. An infected male is
just as dangerous as the female as he can
spread the Brucella bacteria via his urine or
semen. Oftentimes, there are no signs except in
advanced cases when the testicles may be
uneven in size.
Litters are commonly aborted, usually in the
last two weeks of gestation , or the puppies
may die shortly after birth. If a pregnant dog
aborts after 45 days of gestation, you should
be highly suspicious of brucellosis. Usually, the
fetuses are partially decayed and accompanied
by a gray to green vaginal discharge. This
discharge can have very high numbers of
Brucella canis. If embryos die early, they may
be reabsorbed and the female may never
appear to be pregnant at all.
What are the risks?
The risks are great. Since the Brucella canis
organisms are transmissible to humans, it is
best to avoid all contact with the dead fetuses
and their associated vaginal discharge. The
infected mother will likely be unable to sustain
a pregnancy in the future. Furthermore, she
would likely transmit the disease to any male
which breeds her causing fertility problems in
him as well.
Testing
Testing for Brucellosis usually requires a blood
test by your veterinarian and all positives
should be retested for a confirmation. Since
Brucella canis is mainly spread by the act of
breeding, it is paramount to test all canines,
male and female, prior to breeding. Test
between every breeding of different animals. In
other words, if a male (or female) was tested
one year ago but has bred since, he must be
tested again. In the case of a male, if he
serviced a female since his last test, then he
must be tested again even if his last test was
as recent as four weeks ago. Testing is the only
sure way to detect carriers.
In cases of abortion, the bacteria may be
isolated from the aborted fetuses. Blood tests
can also be performed on the mother's blood to
help confirm a positive diagnosis of Brucellosis.
Prevention
When possible, all incoming breeding dogs
should be isolated for two weeks upon arrival
at the kennel. At the end of two weeks, have
the individual (male or female) tested by your
veterinarian for brucellosis. Do this even if the
dog was tested before shipment. This may
seem excessive, but you will spend a lot more
money if Brucellosis creeps into your kennel,
not to mention the disruption in your breeding
program and loss of genetic potential.
Artificial Insemination (AI) can lessen the risk of
Brucella transfer at breeding. While rare,
transmission of Brucella canis to a bitch can
occur during AI, especially if infected semen is
used. However, AI will protect an infected
female from transferring it to a noninfected
male.
All positive males and females should not be
bred. Surgical spaying or neutering of these
individuals is recommended. Various blood
tests are available to screen breeding dogs
(male and female) and identify those who are
infected (carriers). All individuals used for
breeding should be routinely tested prior to
breeding.
Treatment
There is no reliable treatment for Brucellosis.
Brucella canis lives inside of the dog's cells so
it is difficult to reach the bacteria with
antibiotics. Any attempt at treatment would
require the use of multiple types of antibiotics.
Various antibiotics such as doxycycline,
minocycline, and dihydrostreptomycin have
been partially effective at causing a temporary
reduction in the bacterial organisms after
several weeks of treatment. A complete cure is
unlikely. It is recommended that infected
animals be castrated or spayed.
As a rule, do not breed your dog with an
individual that is said to be treated and cured.
(Unless of course it is the last of its breed and
even that would be questionable.) 'Cured'
patients often begin shedding the bacteria
months to years after treatments... Do not
knowingly take a chance.
Human health hazards
People can become infected with Brucella
canis. People should avoid contact with dead
fetuses or the discharge from aborting dogs.
Transmission has also occurred from contact
with secretions from male dogs.
In conclusion, test and isolate. Do not rely on
an uncertain cure. If you do not heed these
suggestions, then you are playing with fire in
your kennel and perhaps with your own health

bobbysaxy:
Brucellosis is a disease caused by Brucella
canis, which is a bacteria that was first isolated
from dead puppy fetuses in the middle 1960’s.
It is the most common bacteria that can infect
bitches and their fetuses. It seems that over the
years much has been written on brucellosis in
breeding dogs, but despite it all, infection rates
may run as high as 8-10%. That is right, it is
suspected that one in ten dogs in this country
may carry Brucella canis.
Brucella canis also poses a significant public
health hazard since it is transmissible to
humans, especially those handling aborted
fetuses. Humans may develop a serious liver
impairment or arthritis.
Medical advancements in controlling this
disease have been few and far between.
Contrary to some opinions, it is a very difficult
disorder to treat, and in most cases, treatment
is unsuccessful. A prevalent attitude among
many people is that "if my dogs get it, then I
will treat it." This is a serious mistake because
you probably will not cure it, and if you do, the
individual will probably be sterile or be a poor
breeding specimen.
Transmission of Brucella canis
B. canis is sexually transmitted by the mating
of infected males and females. Brucella canis in
the female dog will live in the vaginal and
uterine tissue and secretions for years, and
except in rare cases, for life. The infected
female usually appears healthy with no signs of
disease or indication that she is a 'carrier ' or
harborer of the organisms. She can spread the
bacteria to other animals through her urine,
aborted fetuses, or most commonly through the
act of breeding. Once pregnant, the bacteria will
also infect the developing fetuses causing
illness.
In males, the Brucella bacteria live in the
testicles and seminal fluids. An infected male is
just as dangerous as the female as he can
spread the Brucella bacteria via his urine or
semen. Oftentimes, there are no signs except in
advanced cases when the testicles may be
uneven in size.
Litters are commonly aborted, usually in the
last two weeks of gestation , or the puppies
may die shortly after birth. If a pregnant dog
aborts after 45 days of gestation, you should
be highly suspicious of brucellosis. Usually, the
fetuses are partially decayed and accompanied
by a gray to green vaginal discharge. This
discharge can have very high numbers of
Brucella canis. If embryos die early, they may
be reabsorbed and the female may never
appear to be pregnant at all.
What are the risks?
The risks are great. Since the Brucella canis
organisms are transmissible to humans, it is
best to avoid all contact with the dead fetuses
and their associated vaginal discharge. The
infected mother will likely be unable to sustain
a pregnancy in the future. Furthermore, she
would likely transmit the disease to any male
which breeds her causing fertility problems in
him as well.
Testing
Testing for Brucellosis usually requires a blood
test by your veterinarian and all positives
should be retested for a confirmation. Since
Brucella canis is mainly spread by the act of
breeding, it is paramount to test all canines,
male and female, prior to breeding. Test
between every breeding of different animals. In
other words, if a male (or female) was tested
one year ago but has bred since, he must be
tested again. In the case of a male, if he
serviced a female since his last test, then he
must be tested again even if his last test was
as recent as four weeks ago. Testing is the only
sure way to detect carriers.
In cases of abortion, the bacteria may be
isolated from the aborted fetuses. Blood tests
can also be performed on the mother's blood to
help confirm a positive diagnosis of Brucellosis.
Prevention
When possible, all incoming breeding dogs
should be isolated for two weeks upon arrival
at the kennel. At the end of two weeks, have
the individual (male or female) tested by your
veterinarian for brucellosis. Do this even if the
dog was tested before shipment. This may
seem excessive, but you will spend a lot more
money if Brucellosis creeps into your kennel,
not to mention the disruption in your breeding
program and loss of genetic potential.
Artificial Insemination (AI) can lessen the risk of
Brucella transfer at breeding. While rare,
transmission of Brucella canis to a bitch can
occur during AI, especially if infected semen is
used. However, AI will protect an infected
female from transferring it to a noninfected
male.
All positive males and females should not be
bred. Surgical spaying or neutering of these
individuals is recommended. Various blood
tests are available to screen breeding dogs
(male and female) and identify those who are
infected (carriers). All individuals used for
breeding should be routinely tested prior to
breeding.
Treatment
There is no reliable treatment for Brucellosis.
Brucella canis lives inside of the dog's cells so
it is difficult to reach the bacteria with
antibiotics. Any attempt at treatment would
require the use of multiple types of antibiotics.
Various antibiotics such as doxycycline,
minocycline, and dihydrostreptomycin have
been partially effective at causing a temporary
reduction in the bacterial organisms after
several weeks of treatment. A complete cure is
unlikely. It is recommended that infected
animals be castrated or spayed.
As a rule, do not breed your dog with an
individual that is said to be treated and cured.
(Unless of course it is the last of its breed and
even that would be questionable.) 'Cured'
patients often begin shedding the bacteria
months to years after treatments... Do not
knowingly take a chance.
Human health hazards
People can become infected with Brucella
canis. People should avoid contact with dead
fetuses or the discharge from aborting dogs.
Transmission has also occurred from contact
with secretions from male dogs.
In conclusion, test and isolate. Do not rely on
an uncertain cure. If you do not heed these
suggestions, then you are playing with fire in
your kennel and perhaps with your own health

Magpies:
plagiarism is a crime

Prodeegee:
you, be looking for trouble there o.