Characteristics of a Wali of Allah
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah

O you who believe! Obey Allah and Obey the Messenger and make not vain your deeds.” [Soorah Muhammad (47): 33]

“He who obeys the Messenger had obeyed Allah” [Soorah An-Nisa (4): 80]

He also says: “Whatsoever the Messenger gives you take it and whatsoever he forbids you refrain from it.”

Thus, whoever believes that any waly has a way to Allah without following the Prophet (sallalahu alaihe wa-sallam) is a kaafir, and is an ally of the devil.

Actions of the Allies of Allah

The allies of Allah are of two levels: forerunners those who brought near – and those of the right hand who act in moderation. Allah, the Exalted says reminding the Day of Judgement:
“And you (all) will be in three kinds (i.e separate groups). So those on the Right Hand and Who will be those of the Right Hand? And those on the Left Hand and who will be those on the Left Hand? And those foremost will be foremost in Paradise. They will be those nearest to Allah.” [Soorah al-Waqiyah (56): 8-12]

And again Allah says in the end of the same Soorah: “Then, if the dying person be of the Muqarraboon (those brought near to Allah.) (There is for him) rest and provision, and a Garden of delights (Paradise). And if he be of those on the Right Hand. Then there is safety and peace for those on the Right Hand. But if he be of the denying then for him is entertainment with boiling water. And burning in Hell-Fire.” [(56): 88-94]

And the actions of these two groups are mentioned in the Hadeeth of Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam):
“Allah says: “Whoever takes a Wali (loyal slave) of Mine an enemy, I will wage war on him; and My slave will not perform any act with which he draws closer to Me, more beloved to Me then when he fulfills what I have ordained on him; and My salve will keep drawing closer to Me by performing the Nawafil (voluntary acts of worship) until I love him, and when I love him, I will be his hearing with which he hears, his sight with which he sees, his hands with which he strikes, and his legs with which he walks; and if he asks Me, I will give him; and if he seeks refuge with Me, I will grant him refuge.” [Saheeh Bukharee]

Consequently, the righteous – those of the Right Hand are those who seek to come close to Allah with obligatory actions: they do that which Allah has ordered them to do, and avoid that which Allah has forbidden them, and do not demand of themselves the doing of the commendable but less than obligatory (i.e. mandoob), or the avoiding of some of the disrecommendable of the allowed (i.e. makrooh)

As for the forerunners those brought near, they sought to come close to Allah with extra efforts after the obligatory. They did the obligatory and the commendable, and avoided the forbidden and the non-recommended. When they sought to come close to Him with everything within their ability of that which they love, Allah’s love for them became complete, as Allah says: “…My salve will keep drawing closer to Me by performing the Nawafil (voluntary acts of worship) until I love him…” [Saheeh Bukharee]

The Allies of Allah have no Special Appearance

The allies of Allah have no special appearance with which they differ form other people. They have no special dress from other than just being permissible. Rather, they are to be found in all categories of the nation of Muhammad (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam). However, the Qur’aan and the Sunnah show clearly that the best people in the sight of Allah is the one with the most of Taqwa (pious practice):

“O people, we have created you from a male and a female and made you in peoples and tribes that you may know each other. Verily, the noblest of you in the sight of Allah is the greatest in righteous practice.” [Soorah al-Hujarat (49): 13]

Abu Hurairah narrates in a Saheeh Hadeeth: “The Prophet of Allah (sallalahu alaihe wa-sallam) was asked: “Which people are the best? He said: “Those greatest in taqwa (righteous practice)”… [Bukhareee and Muslim]

Allies of Allah are not ma’soom (protected) from mistakes

It is not a condition for an ally of Allah that he be free of (protected from) mistakes and errors. It is quite possible that some knowledge of the shari’ah may be hidden from him, just as it is possible for him to be confused about some issues in Islam But, he may not necessarily because of this, leave the ranks of allies of Allah, since Allah has overlooked and forgiven for this Ummah error, acts of forgetting, and things done under compulsion:

“There is no burden upon you for that in which you were mistaken, rather that which you have done with the full determination of the heart.” [Soorah Ahzab (33): 5]

Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “Prophet (sallalahu alaihe wa-sallam) said: “When a ruler exerts himself to arrive at the correct ruling, and is correct, he gets two rewards and when he exerts himself but is mistaken, he gets one reward.” [Bukharee and Muslim]

Since, it is possible for any ally of Allah to make a mistake. It can never be obligatory upon the people to believe in everything any one of them says, except that in the case that one of them is a prophet. Rather, it is obligatory for him to measure all of that up to the criterion of that which the Prophet (sallalahu alaihe wa-sallam) brought. If it is in agreement therewith then he can accept it, but if it is in disagreement then he must reject it, and if he cannot be sure whether it is in accordance with the Prophet’s message or at variance with it, he must refrain from believing it or applying it.

The second Caliph Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), regarding whom Prophet of Allah (sallalahu alaihe wa-sallam) said: “In previous nations there were individuals who were addressed (with the truth). If there are such people in my nation, Umar is the one of them.” [Bukharee and Muslim]

“Verily, Allah has put the truth on the tongue of Umar and in his heart.” [At- Tirmidhee (hasan)]

But, Umar always did that which was obligatory upon him: i.e. – to measure things that occurred to him against that with which the Prophet (sallalahu alaihe wa-sallam) was sent. He never said: “I am mahaddath, I receive inspiration and visions, and so you should accept that which I say and not oppose me therein.”

Heart is an intuitions and not protected from falling into errors, and so one needs always to measure them against that which has been brought by the Prophet (sallalahu alaihe wa-sallam), the protected from falling into error. And the early scholars of Islam have unanimously agreed that the opinions of any man can be accepted and rejected i.e. they are open to questions except for the statements of the Prophet.

The point we are making here is an issue of complete consensus of the allies of Allah:

It is obligatory upon the allies of Allah to hold tight to the criterion; the Qur’aan and the Sunnah, and no one of them is ma’soom; i.e. protected against falling into errors, such that it is permissible to him or to his followers to follow that which comes to his heart without subjecting it to the test of the Qur’aan and the Sunnah. Whoever does not accept this is in no way or shape or form among the allies of Allah, whom Allah has ordered us to emulate. Such a person is either ‘kafir’ or is engaged in extreme and excessive foolishness and ignorance.