Lee Edwards appeals his conviction and sentence for engaging in a continuing criminal enterprise, conspiring to distribute narcotics, distributing narcotics, using a communication facility to facilitate drug trafficking, and using a firearm during and in relation to a narcotics offense. We affirm.

I. Background

2
Lee Edwards operated a drug ring from his two residences, 460 Taft Place and 1522 Taft Street, in Gary, Indiana and from the liquor store he owned in Gary, the "Black Horseman." The investigation of Edwards included wiretaps, surveillance, and controlled drug buys, and culminated in a search of Edwards's residence.

3
A cooperating individual, Walter Pettigrew, received money from federal agents and purchased heroin and cocaine from Edwards on six different occasions, beginning in March 1990. In the summer of 1990, Edwards's brother, Jimmie Edwards, began cooperating with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (the "FBI" and in August, based upon Jimmy Edwards's information, FBI agents obtained a court order for a wiretap on the telephones at Edwards's two residences in Gary, Indiana.

4
On October 11, 1990 federal agents of the Drug Enforcement Agency ("DEA" executed a search warrant at 460 Taft Place, Gary, Indiana. After knocking on the front door, identifying themselves, and receiving no reply from within, the agents entered the house. Within seconds of entering, the agents encountered gunfire: three shots were fired at them through the door of the master bedroom on the first floor. In response to directions from the agents, the defendant Lee Edwards and his wife Lorri Edwards, the only two individuals in the master bedroom, surrendered and was arrested. Agents found a recently-fired .357 Colt revolver on the floor of the bedroom at Lee Edwards's feet and a plastic bag containing a white substance in his pajama pocket, later determined to be cocaine.

5
The agents searched the residence and recovered a triple-beam scale, as well as other drug paraphernalia, including a grinder, clear plastic bags, wrappers, and envelopes. The agents also discovered a number of containers with a white powdered substance inside, as well as others containing a brown powdered substance, $6,120 cash in a purse and $5,300 hidden in a bedpost in the master bedroom. Lorri Edwards, the defendant's wife, later testified that the agents had missed $20,000 cash hidden in the fireplace of the master bedroom. A search of the upstairs bedroom revealed a 30-caliber carbine rifle and a loaded handgun, hidden under the mattress.

6
DEA forensic chemists determined that the brown and white substances inside the jars and containers found in Edwards's residence were heroin and cocaine, respectively. Several other containers also contained lactose, a substance, according to DEA Agents, that is commonly used to "cut" or dilute heroin and cocaine for street sale.

7
On August 20, 1991, a federal grand jury returned a multi-count indictment against Edwards and fourteen others. Edwards was charged with three counts of conspiring to distribute cocaine and heroin, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 846; one count of engaging in a continuing criminal enterprise, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 848(a); five counts of heroin distribution, two counts of cocaine distribution, and two counts of possession with intent to distribute cocaine, all in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1); one count of using and carrying a firearm in a drug-trafficking crime, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c); and four counts of using a communication facility to facilitate drug felonies, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 843(b). Edwards entered a plea of not guilty and his case was joined for trial with Lynetta Durr and James Davis.1

8
At trial, members, or "employees," of Edwards's drug operation testified as to their involvement as well as to the extent of Edwards's drug trafficking activity. Robert Matthews, named by Edwards as a supplier, testified that he had sold one-ounce and half-ounce quantities of cocaine to Edwards on a number of occasions, beginning in 1990. Brett Guyton and William MacIntosh both testified that for several years they answered the telephone for Edwards, taking orders for heroin and cocaine, until Edwards's arrest in 1990.

9
Jimmie Edwards testified that he began to assist his brother in the drug conspiracy in 1984, purchasing large orders of heroin from suppliers in Chicago. He stated that the heroin was "cut" or diluted by mixing the pure, supplied drug in a coffee grinder with either lactose or milk sugar. The "cut" product would then be weighed on a triple-beam scale and packaged in $10 quantities in clear plastic bags for sale at the street level.2

10
James Barefield, Flakes Kellum, and Gwendolyn Campbell each testified that they sold drugs for Edwards and received two dollars for each ten-dollar package of heroin sold.3 During her testimony, Edwards's wife, Lorri Edwards, identified the properties he owned and stated that he had several employees, including Barefield and Kellum, who would take telephone orders and deliver drug packages.4

11
Federal agents testified that the wiretaps revealed a number of drug transactions. Walter Pettigrew, the cooperating individual, was recorded ordering "white lightening," a potent form of heroin. Lynetta Durr, a co-defendant, was recorded ordering $300 of cocaine and a tablespoon of heroin, as well as "eighty girl and twenty boy," code names for cocaine and heroin.

12
The trial judge, before giving the case to the jury, dismissed one count against Edwards for using a communication facility to facilitate a drug crime, and thereafter the jury convicted the defendant of all remaining counts.5

13
At sentencing, the district court found Edwards responsible for the sale of 47 kilograms of heroin, resulting in an offense level of 42. The court enhanced Edwards's offense level by two levels for obstruction of justice for shooting at federal agents during the search of Edwards's residence at 460 Taft Place. Edwards had a criminal history category of III and was sentenced as follows: life imprisonment for each of the three counts of engaging in a continuing criminal enterprise and conspiring to distribute heroin and cocaine; 240 months' imprisonment for each remaining count of conspiring to distribute cocaine and heroin and distribution of heroin and cocaine; 48 months' imprisonment for using a communication facility to facilitate drug felonies; and 39 months of imprisonment for using a firearm during a drug trafficking offense. The trial court ordered all sentences to be served concurrently with each other, except for the 39 month firearm sentence, but consecutive to any other sentences Edwards may be serving or had been previously imposed.6 The trial court ordered the 39-month firearm sentence to be served consecutive to all other sentences imposed. The trial judge also ordered a total of $850 in special assessment fees. Edwards appeals his conviction and sentence.

DonFreshmoney:
I DARE TINUBU to visit USA, APC keeps attacking Atiku of not visiting USA, while their national leader and campaign chief can't do the same.

Hypocrites.

Mynd44:


Calm down sir.

Rule 8 still exists

https://www.channelstv.com/2012/09/03/obama-invites-tinubu-to-watch-him-accept-democratic-party-presidential-nomination/

Mynd44:


Calm down sir.

Rule 8 still exists

https://www.channelstv.com/2012/09/03/obama-invites-tinubu-to-watch-him-accept-democratic-party-presidential-nomination/

BigBabyJesus:
Lee Andrew Edwards is serving a 25year to life sentence in a federal prison.

Tinubu snitched on his main narcotics bulk buyer in return for a plea bargain.

As at 2014, Obama signed a bill that prohibited convicted non-US citizens from entering the US.

This is why Tinubu could not go with Buhari to the WH.

The last time Tinubu visited the US was in 2011 long before Obama signed the bill barring convicted felons like him and his wife from entering the US.

Dem say to piss no dey hard but you don see fowl piss before? I dare Tinubu to go to the US.

Mynd44:


Calm down sir.

Rule 8 still exists

https://www.channelstv.com/2012/09/03/obama-invites-tinubu-to-watch-him-accept-democratic-party-presidential-nomination/

Mynd44:


Calm down sir.

Rule 8 still exists

https://www.channelstv.com/2012/09/03/obama-invites-tinubu-to-watch-him-accept-democratic-party-presidential-nomination/

Mynd44:


Calm down sir.

Rule 8 still exists

https://www.channelstv.com/2012/09/03/obama-invites-tinubu-to-watch-him-accept-democratic-party-presidential-nomination/

Mynd44:


Calm down sir.

Rule 8 still exists

https://www.channelstv.com/2012/09/03/obama-invites-tinubu-to-watch-him-accept-democratic-party-presidential-nomination/

dunkem21:


You see why people don't take NL serious..

This picture and the narratives was always pushed to the NL front page while you sit and laugh. You're so biased, mynd. There's no difference between you and the retired IG.

Ban me if you like.

Mynd44:


Calm down sir.

Rule 8 still exists

https://www.channelstv.com/2012/09/03/obama-invites-tinubu-to-watch-him-accept-democratic-party-presidential-nomination/

Jokerman:


So its true that you are an APC mod Na wa...

uniqueboi:
Pls how can seun ban this APC mod?

Mynd44:
Nigerians hate taking correction. Tell them their flaw in an argument and they believe you are supporting their opponent.

Smh

BigBabyJesus:


what are you rambling on about?

When was the last time Tinubu visited the US?

Or are you also denying that Tinubu was not convicted in the US on drug charges?

DonFreshmoney:
I DARE TINUBU to visit USA, APC keeps attacking Atiku of not visiting USA, while their national leader and campaign chief can't do the same.

Hypocrites.

post=74962480:
1000 ways to WAIL!

InaNla:



Through Rule 20

faceURfront:
I don't understand. Did I miss something? Can someone show me the relationship between this story and Tinubu please.

afroniger:


Can you show a single proof that Tinubu is wanted or was ever convicted and barred from entering u.? You are attacking Mynd44 without any shred of counter evidence. Tinubu matter will not kill you hate filled igbos one day I hope .