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2.1 Introduction

A solar tracker is a device used for orienting a photovoltaic array solar panel or for concentrating solar reflector or lens toward the sun. The position of the sun in the sky is varied both with seasons and time of day as the sun moves across the sky. Solar powered equipment works best when they are pointed at the sun. Therefore, a solar tracker increases how efficient such equipment are over any fixed position at the cost of additional complexity to the system. There are different types of trackers.

Extraction of usable electricity from the sun became possible with the discovery of the photoelectric mechanism and subsequent development of the solar cell. The solar cell is a semiconductor material which converts visible light into direct current. Through the use of solar arrays, a series of solar cells electrically connected, there is the generation of a DC voltage that can be used on a load. There is increased use of solar arrays as their efficiencies become higher. They are especially popular in remote areas where there is no connection to the grid Photovoltaic energy is that which is obtained from the sun. A photovoltaic cell, commonly known as a solar cell, is the technology used for conversion of solar directly into electrical power. The photovoltaic cell is a non-mechanical device made of silicon alloy.
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