DRAINAGE

When precipitation occurs, the water falling on the ground will infiltrate into the soil after meeting the initial abstractions like interception and depression storage. When the conditions are so created that the crop root-zone gets deprived of proper aeration due to the presence of excessive moisture or water content, the tract is said to be waterlogged.

The water logging affects the land in various ways. The various after effects are the following:



1. Creation of Anaerobic Condition in the Crop Root-Zone



2. Growth of Water Loving Wild Plants



3. Impossibility of Tillage Operations



4. Accumulation of Harmful Salts



5. Lowering of Soil Temperature



6. Reduction in Time of Maturity



So, the excess water content on the surface and in the crop root zone should be removed properly for the healthy growing of plants and to maintain the soil fertility.

Drainage refers to the removal of excess water from the ground surface as well as from the subsurface soil to facilitate the proper growth of plants and to avoid the hazards due to water logging.

It can be done by using tile drains or mole drains (in clay soil).



IRRIGATION

In the absence of sufficient rain, water should be supplemented for the plants to meet their daily consumptive use.

Irrigation refers to the application of controlled amounts of water to plants at needed intervals.

There are different methods of irrigation including surface irrigation, subsurface irrigation, drip and sprinkler irrigation.

Drip irrigation is proved to be the most efficient among all the methods of irrigation, as it allows water to drip slowly to the root zone of the crop.
https://thefarmersdiary./2019/06/14/difference-between-drainage-and-irrigation-photos/


Reference Books:

“Drainage Engineering” by Luthin J N

“Irrigation -Theory and Practice” by Michael A M