babtoundey:


There is even a group in Kogi State called Igodo. The bear Yoruba names and even claim to.have come from Ife like most Yoruba stocks yet they insist the are not Yoruba.

Abeg which one is Igodo again?

scholes0:

Abeg which one is Igodo again?

Thank you. I meat to write Ogori people in Kogi State. Ogori not Igori

Alba3:


Very apt and direct; we all learn from you everyday... well done. Notwithstanding, many itsekiris like Igborodo, etc still refer to their Yorubaness from Ijebu, Ikale extracts. One thing that stands out is that majority of Yorubas are not hellbent of making them Yorubas at all cost. The Yorubas in Kwara and Kogi are the ones making moves to be part of SW. If one call some Egun or Ogori-magogo Yorubas, they don't always disagree with this.

Igbos keep calling Ikwerres, Ikas, Kwales Igbos and most times, these people say they are not. Annang or Efik person would not accept being called Ibibio though they all have the same names, tradition, dressing and dialects of almost the same language.

Thank you sire! Great submission as always.

Later in the day, I will pass some remark on the Egun people just for the sake of clarity. Many of us seem to have some misconception about their identity.

TAO11:
@Afam4eva, do you notice that our Benin entertainer appears to have just admitted that his bogus and baseless claim that Yoruba monarchs didn’t use “oba” in the pre-1900s have been debunked — Since he never dared to bring up the claim again anywhere in his foregoing ramblings.


Secondly, it is vital that you are made aware that despite his foregoing ramblings, he never adduced even one shred of pre-1900 statement which depicts the use of “oba” for Benin monarchs.

NOT A SINGLE ONE of the statements he dumped above as showing “oba” for the Benin monarch is from a pre-1900 work. Not one!

——————————
For example, a part of his above comment reads:

“In the early 16th century, the Oba sent an ambassador to Lisbon ...”.

However, this precise wording — which he has lifted off Wikipedia — is simply not found in the original work itself.

Moreover, the actual work itself does not use the word “oba”, but instead uses the word “king”.

The original wording from the actual work actually reads as follows:

“... And the King of Beny sent to the King (of Portugal) as Ambassador a negro ...”

Reference: Ruy de Pina’s “Chronica”; Chap. xxiv., Discovery of Beny, quoted in H.L. Roth, 1903, pp. 4-5.

This may make one actually wonder why such an early and quite primary writing on Benin does not use the word “oba” for a Benin monarch.

Moreover, another part of the same comment reads:

“Given this characterization of the Benin culture, it might be understood that the Oba did not accept any colonial aspirations. As soon as the Oba began to suspect Britain of larger colonial designs, ...”.

These exact words as they appear here from his comment were also lifted off Wikipedia from where they are referenced (not even as a quotation) to a year 2010 work — a freaking year 2010 work by Neil MacGregor entitled “A History of the World in 100 Objects”

In all, our Benin entertainer has been disgraced not only as a disgruntled ignoramus, but also as a fraud.

I am more than convinced at this point that, you and everyone else reading now know better to not take any of their bogus, baseless, grandiose claims seriously.

Notice that he has just made other fresh and independent baseless claims (on Yoruba history) in his foregoing comment as a distractive tactic.

I refuse to be distracted into another false and baseless Benin propaganda. I am also aware that everyone now knows better to not take his sorry ass seriously any more.

In sum:
(1) Our Benin entertainer has been debunked over his claim that Yoruba monarchs didn’t use “oba” in the pre-1900s.

(2)(i) Our Benin entertainer is yet to provide one pre-1900 written evidence of “oba” for Benin monarchs.

(2)(ii) Or to be more in line with his own specific claim, he has failed repeatedly to provide one “600 years” old written evidence of “oba” for Benin monarchs.

It is my pleasure to have disgraced him before all and sundry. Going forward, he must be reluctant to peddle lies. He has learnt the hard way.

Peace!

cc: RuggedSniper, DenreleDave, gomojam, macof, Juliusmalema

This an 1896 quotation refering to the king of benin as oba


Ruggedsniper
Etinosa1234
Toa111
AreaFada2
Sarah20A
Valirex
Ghostwon
Ghostwon
Afam4eva
Macof
Fregeneh
Alba3
Abagworo
Samuk

I want to be fully involve in this thread


Am coming


In

Right now

Hey macof: Please hurry up and see something oo.

They’ve begin attaching post-1900 journal articles wherein the modern author used the word “Oba” while he alludes to pre-1900 events about the Benin king. Wonderful!

For the sake of the unsuspecting readers whom these fraudulent elements are bent to prey on, please note that no part of the actual QUOTATION FROM 1896 in the first attachment above shows the word “oba”.

Refer to my red horizontal highlights in the attachment below to notice the beginning and end of the actual quotation from 1896.

Watch out for the opening and closing quotation marks.

TAO11:
@Afam4eva, do you notice that our Benin entertainer appears to have just admitted that his bogus and baseless claim that Yoruba monarchs didn’t use “oba” in the pre-1900s have been debunked — Since he never dared to bring up the claim again anywhere in his foregoing ramblings.


Secondly, it is vital that you are made aware that despite his foregoing ramblings, he never adduced even one shred of pre-1900 statement which depicts the use of “oba” for Benin monarchs.

NOT A SINGLE ONE of the statements he dumped above as showing “oba” for the Benin monarch is from a pre-1900 work. Not one!

——————————
For example, a part of his above comment reads:

“In the early 16th century, the Oba sent an ambassador to Lisbon ...”.

However, this precise wording — which he has lifted off Wikipedia — is simply not found in the original work itself.

Moreover, the actual work itself does not use the word “oba”, but instead uses the word “king”.

The original wording from the actual work actually reads as follows:

“... And the King of Beny sent to the King (of Portugal) as Ambassador a negro ...”

Reference: Ruy de Pina’s “Chronica”; Chap. xxiv., Discovery of Beny, quoted in H.L. Roth, 1903, pp. 4-5.

This may make one actually wonder why such an early and quite primary writing on Benin does not use the word “oba” for a Benin monarch.

Moreover, another part of the same comment reads:

“Given this characterization of the Benin culture, it might be understood that the Oba did not accept any colonial aspirations. As soon as the Oba began to suspect Britain of larger colonial designs, ...”.

These exact words as they appear here from his comment were also lifted off Wikipedia from where they are referenced (not even as a quotation) to a year 2010 work — a freaking year 2010 work by Neil MacGregor entitled “A History of the World in 100 Objects”

In all, our Benin entertainer has been disgraced not only as a disgruntled ignoramus, but also as a fraud.

I am more than convinced at this point that, you and everyone else reading now know better to not take any of their bogus, baseless, grandiose claims seriously.

Notice that he has just made other fresh and independent baseless claims (on Yoruba history) in his foregoing comment as a distractive tactic.

I refuse to be distracted into another false and baseless Benin propaganda. I am also aware that everyone now knows better to not take his sorry ass seriously any more.

In sum:
(1) Our Benin entertainer has been debunked over his claim that Yoruba monarchs didn’t use “oba” in the pre-1900s.

(2)(i) Our Benin entertainer is yet to provide one pre-1900 written evidence of “oba” for Benin monarchs.

(2)(ii) Or to be more in line with his own specific claim, he has failed repeatedly to provide one “600 years” old written evidence of “oba” for Benin monarchs.

It is my pleasure to have disgraced him before all and sundry. Going forward, he must be reluctant to peddle lies. He has learnt the hard way.

Peace!

cc: RuggedSniper, DenreleDave, gomojam, macof, Juliusmalema

Afam4eva please dont mind TAO11
The benin and ife never had anything in common or even had an history together

The history you hear on benin oromiyan and ife was made up after the creation of nigeria to falsely unite benin kingdom to the yoruba for political gains but it didnt work out, because ths benins spoke a different language from the other yorubas,
that does not mean that benin never had contact with other yorubas before the creation of nigeria, they had but not to all yorubas, we had relationship with people like eko, aworis, ijebu, ekiti, ondo and this yorubas were noted by Europeans and not ife

You should also know that ife was not the ancestral home of the yorubas they made it also for political reasons after the creation of nigeria


Back to the name OBA, it is a benin name, while the Europeans were writing their encounters in benin to the other European for easy explanation they remove the title oba and replace it with the word king or something representing king in their dialect but that does not mean he wasnt referred to as oba while the Europeans were relating to him directly or any African people


The word oba got into the yoruba lexicon when benin expanded his territores into yoruba areas and reigned sovereign over them, just imagine benin ruling over ekiti, jebu, ondo, and lagos
That alone is enough for benin to pass it culture amongst this yoruba people


There is a parable in ondo which says that just as the sky king commands respect in heaven
Same way the oba of benin commands respect on earth
Just imagine the fear the oba instill on the yoruba people

Before the creation of nigeria no one apart from the oba of benin used the word oba to address himself as a king not even the oba of lagos, he used to be known as eleko n eko

It became a general world for king amongst the yorubas after 1930 to promote their own traditional stool to the world

Remember the oba of benin had accepted to be under the yoruba umbrella for political gains around 1914, from the yoruba people, so when the yorubas started using the title oba for the general word for king he never objected


This does not mean that the world oba wasnt in Yoruba lingua before 1930 it was there, but it was foreign to them or i would say a borrowed word which they borrowed from benin, as result of benin influence on yorubas, but they couldn't use it to represent their title because they know the oba of benin would frown at it

In addition to the above disgraceful damage which was just meted out to another disgruntled Bini, I’m becoming even more curious as to why the standard of the challenge appears to be dropping.

The arbitrary standard set by our original Benin entertainer was to present a NAMED king with the accompanying word “oba” from a pre-1900 writing.

But unfortunately so far, we haven’t been provided with either a pre-1900 writing which names a Benin king with the accompanying word “oba”; or even a pre-1900 work which simply uses “oba” in a Benin royal context. None!

Yet the Yorubas have met the arbitrary standard again and again on this same thread — and will even meet a stricter standard.

What a pity to those who baselessly claimed to have lent the word “oba” to the Yorubas?! Lol.

cc: Afam4eva

TAO11:
In addition to the earlier disgraceful damage from another disgruntled Bini, I’m becoming more curious as to why the standard of the challenge appears to dropping.

The arbitrary standard set by our original Benin entertainer was to present a NAMED king with the accompanying word “oba” from a pre-1900 writing.

But unfortunately so far, we haven’t been provided with either a pre-1900 writing which names a Benin king with the accompanying word “oba”; or even a pre-1900 work which simply uses the word “oba” in a Benin royal context. None!

Yet the Yorubas have met the arbitrary standard again and again on this same thread — and will even meet a stricter standard.

What a pity to those who claimed to have lent the word “oba” to the Yorubas?! Lol.

cc: Afam4eva

Lol, funny lady,

The Europeans most times never knew the name of the oba of benin maybe probably the difficulty in writing the names down

So most times they go straight foward like this

The king of benin, that.... That that or
They say The he oba of benin

Most times they use the word king, for easy explanation to the Europeans they were to,



cc: Afam4eva

Let’s continue to wait for the pre-1900 written evidence of Benin usage of “oba”.

Hopefully we won’t wait till “thy kingdom come”.

See you soon @Afam4eva and everyone else!

TAO11:
Hey macof: Please hurry up and see something oo.

They’ve begin attaching post-1900 journal articles wherein the modern author used the word “Oba” while he alludes to pre-1900 events about the Benin king. Wonderful!

For the sake of the unsuspecting readers whom these fraudulent elements are bent to prey on, please note that no part of the actual QUOTATION FROM 1896 in the first attachment above shows the word “oba”.

Refer to my red horizontal highlights in the attachment below to notice the beginning and end of the actual quotation from 1896.

Watch out for the opening and closing quotation marks.

Funny lady


Did you see when he also made use of the word jekiri, the author was definitely giving a direct quotation from what he quoted

Those words were in quotes and was written in subscript to show it is a quote, and not from the author



Again the word oba was used there becauss the white men were passing the said message within themselves in africa so when he use the word oba it could be understood to his fellow whitemen in africa too

But that would be impossible if they were writing outside Africa or Europe


Please get your fact right


Etinosa1234
Samuk
Valirex
Ghostwon
AreaFada2
Afam4eva

TAO11:
Let’s continue to wait for the pre-1900 written evidence of Benin usage of “oba”.

Hopefully we won’t wait till “thy kingdom come”.

See you soon @Afam4eva and everyone else!

Funny lady


Did you see when he also made use of the word jekiri he would have used the word itskeri if he was the one that made the quote, the author was definitely giving a direct quotation from what he quoted

Those words were in quotes and was written in subscript to show it is a quote, and not from the author



Again the word oba was used there becauss the white men were passing the said message within themselves in africa so when he use the word oba it could be understood to his fellow whitemen in africa too

But that would be impossible if they were writing outside Africa or Europe


Please get your fact right


Etinosa1234
Samuk
Valirex
Ghostwon
AreaFada2
Afam4eva

gregyboy:




Funny lady


Did you see when he also made use of the word jekiri he would have used the word itskeri if he was the one that made the quote, the author was definitely giving a direct quotation from what he quoted

Those words were in quotes and was written in subscript to show it is a quote, and not from the author



Again the word oba was used there becauss the white men were passing the said message within themselves in africa so when he use the word oba it could be understood to his fellow whitemen in africa too

But that would be impossible if they were writing outside Africa or Europe


Please get your fact right


Etinosa1234
Samuk
Valirex
Ghostwon
AreaFada2
Afam4eva

After unsuccessfully trying to attached themselves to Benin glorious past through the Oduduwa myth, they are now clutching on to straws by demanding evidence that Benin had Obas pre-1900. They believe anyone with sense of Benin history will take them seriously for some strange reasons best known to them.

They want everyone to believe that after Benin have subjugated them for over 400 years only to be liberated by the British in 1897, Benin now adopted or copied the Oba title from them. My question to them that they have refused to answer is what was the title of Benin rulers in the more than 400 years of lordships over Yoruba.

Whether they like it or not Benin is to Yoruba what Britain is to America. Benin will continue to be their father unless they find a way to erase the nearly 500 years of Benin written history before Yoruba written history began. An impossible task.

Please don't beat them too much, it's already very painful confining them to their written history that is barely earlier than the 1800s.

You are right, Benin and Ife relationship was a fabrication that lacks historical backing. It was supposed to be a political arrangement amongst the people of old Western Nigeria. They were supposed to share Benin history as part of Yoruba history whilst Oba of Benin remains the most senior traditional ruler above all Yoruba Obas as its was before the British came.

The political arrangement was that Oba of Benin retains seniority through Oduduwa to Oranmiyan to Oba of Benin as the first child, the Alaafin came second as the second son whilst the Ooni was the chief priest or shrine keeper, but before you knew it the Yoruba political elites lead by Awolowo change the arrangement by elevated the Ooni from the position of chief priest to the most senior Oba in old western Nigeria, the Oba of Benin felt insulted and move his people out of the political arrangement to form the mid west leaving the Ooni and Alaafin to fight it out amongst themselves.

By taking Benin history out of the political arrangement, they are now struggling to present Yoruba history that is barely older than the 1800s. Imagine the pain they go through each time they have to reference books on great Benin history just to tell their stories.

The first 400 years of Benin historical records had no reference to Oduduwa, Oranmiyan and Ife.

Who in their right senses will argue that Benin had Oba before 1900s.

Please take it easy on them, historical fights between the Benin and Yoruba will always be unfair because of the unfair advantage of almost 500 years written Benin history. You will always be 500 years ahead and they are already seriously disadvantaged. It's like a heavy weight boxer fighting a feather weight boxer whose one hand is tied to the back.

Historical achievements and records are not necessary by population.

While yorubas wait for benin to make history so they can steal it they shouldnt forget the benin people will defend their history to the core


Let me remind you all of recent history edo had made since they created nigeria

The first man to ask for independence was an edo man Anthony enarohoro

The first man to give free education at basic level
In nigeria was an edo man ambrose ali

The first peaceful protest of the endsars started in edo state

The first violent protest in the endsars started also in edo


While you all yorubas wait to steal our history dont forget to make yours

TAO11:
Let’s continue to wait for the pre-1900 written evidence of Benin usage of “oba”.

Hopefully we won’t wait till “thy kingdom come”.

See you soon @Afam4eva and everyone else!

Present a written evidence of what the Ọbas of Benin were called from 1500-1900

gregyboy:




This an 1896 quotation refering to the king of benin as oba


Ruggedsniper
Etinosa1234
Toa111
AreaFada2
Sarah20A
Valirex
Ghostwon
Ghostwon
Afam4eva
Macof
Fregeneh
Alba3
Abagworo
Samuk

Nice, you have proved it

gregyboy:
While yorubas wait for benin to make history so they can steal it they shouldnt forget the benin people will defend their history to the core


Let me remind you all of recent history edo had made since they created nigeria

The first man to ask for independence was an edo man Anthony enarohoro

The first man to give free education at basic level
In nigeria was an edo man ambrose ali

The first peaceful protest of the endsars started in edo state

The first violent protest in the endsars started also in edo


While you all yorubas wait to steal our history dont forget to make yours

Ẹdo to the world

samuk:


So you have proved that Benin borrowed it from Yoruba.

You may call Benin minority but the fact remains that almost the entire eastern Yoruba including Lagos were once under the Benin empire with your almighty Alaafin of Oyo even paying tributes to the Oba of Benin and your Alaafin begging the almighty Oba of Benin for troops.

I already provided you guys more than enough evidence starting from 1485 when the Oba of Benin became known to the Europeans. If you dispute that the Oba of Benin was not known as Oba, it's left for you guys to tell the readers what the title was.

Take it or leave it the title Oba spread from eastern Yoruba that was under the Benin empire to other parts of Yoruba land.


This is what Hugh Clapperton have to say about your Alaafin of Oyo:

"In the evening we had a visit from the king of Oyo, to thank me for the presents I had given him, and again to assure me of being welcolme; said that he wanted nothing, unless it was something that would speedily cause the submission of the rebels. He said that he had sent to his friend the king of Benin for troops to assist him in the war."

- Hugh Clapperton, Journal of a Second Expedition Into the Interior of Africa, from the Bight of Benin to Soccatoo, 1911.

please be sticking to the matter at hand. provide a pre-1900s document showing bini use of the word "oba" to address any particular king of benin. we are not doing take it or leave it here. You can't make ridiculous wild claims that you can't defend

just to show you what you are expected to do
here is a document from 1882 by Elisée Reclus & A. H. Keane refering to yoruba kings as 'oba' [this is not even the earliest volume]
do the needful or just keep quiet next time to avoid unnecessary embarrassment

valirex:


Present a written evidence of what the Ọbas of Benin were called from 1500-1900

what clowns

Bini miscreants - Oba is a Bini word yoruba stole it and deceived everybody that it is their word, yoruba can't provide evidence of using the word before 1900
Tao11 - *provides documents showing yoruba used the word before 1900
Bini miscreants - Show us the particular oba that was referred to with the word 'oba'
Tao11- *provides evidence of Jayin, Ajagbo and Abipa*.. Show us your own evidence of bini using the word before 1900
bini miscreants - *no evidence* *wailing and sobbing* are you saying oba of benin was called something else before 1900

clowns

macof:


please be sticking to the matter at hand. provide a pre-1900s document showing bini use of the word "oba" to address any particular king of benin. we are not doing take it or leave it here. You can't make ridiculous wild claims that you can't defend

just to show you what you are expected to do
here is a document from 1882 by Elisée Reclus & A. H. Keane refering to yoruba kings as 'oba' [this is not even the earliest volume]
do the needful or just keep quiet next time to avoid unnecessary embarrassment

Please give us the link to get this pdf, let see if your dating is correct

gregyboy:




This an 1896 quotation refering to the king of benin as oba


Ruggedsniper
Etinosa1234
Toa111
AreaFada2
Sarah20A
Valirex
Ghostwon
Ghostwon
Afam4eva
Macof
Fregeneh
Alba3
Abagworo
Samuk

That is not the assignment you have boy

Provide a pre - 1900s document using the word "oba" to address a particular Ọmọnọba

Provide the 1896 document not a rephrased quotation in a recent paper, let's see

You miscreants started it by asking TAO11 for a pre-1900s document which she has provided, now when asked to provide your own two days of sleepless nights and extensive research now still no answer


Below is a pre-1900s document showing Yoruba Kings referred to as Oba.
This is what you should have done


www.nairaland.com/attachments/12712594_20201120li_jpeg669beaef00c457b182431ec02a16e2d9

Elisée Reclus & A. H. Keane; “The earth and Its Inhabitants", Vol. 12, Published 1882, p.265

macof:

what clowns

Bini miscreants - Oba is a Bini word yoruba stole it and deceived everybody that it is their word, yoruba can't provide evidence of using the word before 1900
Tao11 - *provides documents showing yoruba used the word before 1900
Bini miscreants - Show us the particular oba that was referred to with the word 'oba'
Tao11- *provides evidence of Jayin, Ajagbo and Abipa*.. Show us your own evidence of bini using the word before 1900
bini miscreants - *no evidence* *wailing and sobbing* are you saying oba of benin was called something else before 1900

clowns

you're the real clown here bro, all what you wrote are no evidence

macof:

what clowns

Bini miscreants - Oba is a Bini word yoruba stole it and deceived everybody that it is their word, yoruba can't provide evidence of using the word before 1900
Tao11 - *provides documents showing yoruba used the word before 1900
Bini miscreants - Show us the particular oba that was referred to with the word 'oba'
Tao11- *provides evidence of Jayin, Ajagbo and Abipa*.. Show us your own evidence of bini using the word before 1900
bini miscreants - *no evidence* *wailing and sobbing* are you saying oba of benin was called something else before 1900

clowns

Please let me see the evidence TAO11 brought forwards let me evaluate them myself

gregyboy:



Please let me see the evidence TAO11 brought forwards let me evaluate them myself

scroll up and stop embarrassing your ethnicity

macof:


That is not the assignment you have boy

Provide a pre - 1900s document using the word "oba" to address a particular Ọmọnọba

Provide the 1896 document not a rephrased quotation in a recent paper, let's see

You miscreants started it by asking TAO11 for a pre-1900s document which she has provided, now when asked to provide your own two days of sleepless nights and extensive research now still no answer


Below is a pre-1900s document showing Yoruba Kings referred to as Oba.
This is what you should have done


www.nairaland.com/attachments/12712594_20201120li_jpeg669beaef00c457b182431ec02a16e2d9

Elisée Reclus & A. H. Keane; “The earth and Its Inhabitants", Vol. 12, Published 1882, p.265

I will check d pdf later on


If you have anymore evidence bring them foward


First of all did she visit nigeria, if not how did she know there was a word ilke obba used by yorubas


Answer those questions before i begin checking the pdf for validation


Valirex
Ghostwon
AreaFada2
Etinosa1234

macof:


please be sticking to the matter at hand. provide a pre-1900s document showing bini use of the word "oba" to address any particular king of benin. we are not doing take it or leave it here. You can't make ridiculous wild claims that you can't defend

just to show you what you are expected to do
here is a document from 1882 by Elisée Reclus & A. H. Keane refering to yoruba kings as 'oba' [this is not even the earliest volume]
do the needful or just keep quiet next time to avoid unnecessary embarrassment

Gbam!

To all Benin liars on Nairaland:

”K[í] Aṣípa tó jẹ Olúwo á pẹ́, bí [O]Lísà bá ńbẹ l[í] ayé Aṣípa kò ní jẹ Olúwo”.

~ Yoruba Proverb.

Exposing you all, one Benin liar & lie at a time. Please bring forward the latest Benin liar in town whom I am yet to expose. I’d be waiting.

gregyboy:



I will check d pdf later on


If you have anymore evidence bring them foward


First of all did she visit nigeria, if not how did she know there was a word ilke obba used by yorubas


Answer those questions before i begin checking the pdf for validation


Valirex
Ghostwon
AreaFada2
Etinosa1234

lmao

TAO11:
Gbam!

To all Benin liars on Nairaland:

”K[í] Aṣípa tó jẹ Olúwo á pẹ́, bí [O]Lísà bá ńbẹ l[í] ayé Aṣípa kò ní jẹ Olúwo.”

~ Yoruba Proverb.

meaning as long as you dey, Bini miscreants must hide

macof:
scroll up and stop embarrassing your ethnicity

I didn't see any evidence so that's why am asking

gregyboy:



I will check d pdf later on


If you have anymore evidence bring them foward


First of all did she visit nigeria, if not how did she know there was a word ilke obba used by yorubas


Answer those questions before i begin checking the pdf for validation


Valirex
Ghostwon
AreaFada2
Etinosa1234

macof answer the question boy

macof:


meaning as long as you dey, Bini miscreants must hide

Yes oo!

You sabi, you be ọmọ àgbà!

macof:


lmao

Lmoa, its funny



You dont being evidence to me without evaluating it first, because i will rubbish to your face


Everyone knows little was known of the yorubas untill the British began colonization


Now was she making a report speech or she was
Making a direct speech


At 1882

The Europeans were already in the heart of yoruba land

Now we are also going to check if it was a revised edition
I will have to check d pdf later