In Nigeria and Africa, the Chemical Supply Business plays a vital role in supporting the growth of various industries. The increasing demand for chemicals in agriculture, food and beverages, and pharmaceuticals is driving the growth of the chemical industry in the region.

Additionally, the export opportunities for chemical products from Nigeria to other African countries and beyond present significant growth prospects for Chemical Supply Businesses in the region.

Overall, the Chemical Supply Business is an essential part of the global economy and plays a critical role in supporting various industries.

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Benefits of The Chemical Supply Business In Nigeria and Africa

Revenue Generation: Chemical supply business is a profitable venture that can generate a significant amount of revenue for the investors.

Employment Opportunities: The chemical supply business can create job opportunities for individuals who are skilled in various areas of the supply chain.

Agriculture: Chemicals are used in the agriculture industry to increase yield and productivity.


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Production of Methylated Spirits, GV Solutions and Iodine

The production of methylated spirits, GV solution and iodine is yet another business that can safely be classified under the chemical industry; this is so because the raw materials that are used in the production of this product are chemicals. So, if you are looking for a business in the chemical industry to start, a business that is profitable and thriving, then you should consider going into the production of methylated spirits, JV paints and iodine.

Healthcare: Chemicals are used in the production of pharmaceuticals and other medical products.

Infrastructure Development: The chemical supply business requires investment in infrastructure, which can contribute to the development of the economy.

Innovation: The chemical industry drives innovation through research and development.


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Environmental Protection: Chemicals can be used in environmental protection efforts such as wastewater treatment and air pollution control.

Energy Production: Chemicals are used in the production of energy, including oil and gas exploration and production.


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Start the Production of Adhesives and Sealants (Glues, Gums, and Paste etc)

An additional thriving and profitable business venture in the chemical industry that an entrepreneur who is looking towards launching a business should consider starting is to go into the production of adhesives and sealants. There is a large market for glues, gums, and paste etc as long as you are able to favorably compete with other manufacturer of same products. This type of business is a business that can be started on a small scale with low start – up capital.

We will delve on another adventure to highlight the major Chemical raw materials and their uses in Industries .


Ammonia:

ammonia (NH3), colourless, pungent gas composed of nitrogen and hydrogen. It is the simplest stable compound of these elements and serves as a starting material for the production of many commercially important nitrogen compounds.

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QUALITY PARAMETERS

Lubricant products must meet SON specifications as SAE or API or other approved agencies.

Uses of ammonia

The major use of ammonia is as a fertilizer. It is usually applied directly to the soil from tanks containing the liquefied gas. The ammonia can also be in the form of ammonium salts, such as ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3, ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4, and various ammonium phosphates.

Urea, (H2N)2C=O, is the most commonly used source of nitrogen for fertilizer worldwide. Ammonia is also used in the manufacture of commercial explosives (e.g., trinitrotoluene [TNT], nitroglycerin, and nitrocellulose).


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In the textile industry, ammonia is used in the manufacture of synthetic fibres, such as nylon and rayon. In addition, it is employed in the dyeing and scouring of cotton, wool, and silk. Ammonia serves as a catalyst in the production of some synthetic resins.

More important, it neutralizes acidic by-products of petroleum refining, and in the rubber industry it prevents the coagulation of raw latex during transportation from plantation to factory.

Ammonia also finds application in both the ammonia-soda process (also called the Solvay process), a widely used method for producing soda ash, and the Ostwald process, a method for converting ammonia into nitric acid.


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Ammonia is used in various metallurgical processes, including the nitriding of alloy sheets to harden their surfaces. Because ammonia can be decomposed easily to yield hydrogen, it is a convenient portable source of atomic hydrogen for welding.

In addition, ammonia can absorb substantial amounts of heat from its surroundings (i.e., one gram of ammonia absorbs 327 calories of heat), which makes it useful as a coolant in refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment. Finally, among its minor uses is inclusion in certain household cleansing agents.


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Physical properties of ammonia

Ammonia is a colourless gas with a sharp, penetrating odour. Its boiling point is −33.35 °C (−28.03 °F), and its freezing point is −77.7 °C (−107.8 °F). It has a high heat of vaporization (23.3 kilojoules per mole at its boiling point) and can be handled as a liquid in thermally insulated containers in the laboratory. (The heat of vaporization of a substance is the number of kilojoules needed to vaporize one mole of the substance with no change in temperature.)


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The ammonia molecule has a trigonal pyramidal shape with the three hydrogen atoms and an unshared pair of electrons attached to the nitrogen atom. It is a polar molecule and is highly associated because of strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

The dielectric constant of ammonia (22 at −34 °C [−29 °F]) is lower than that of water (81 at 25 °C [77 °F]), so it is a better solvent for organic materials. However, it is still high enough to allow ammonia to act as a moderately good ionizing solvent. Ammonia also self-ionizes, although less so than does water.


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Liquid ammonia is used extensively as a nonaqueous solvent. The alkali metals as well as the heavier alkaline-earth metals and even some inner transition metals dissolve in liquid ammonia, producing blue solutions. Physical measurements, including electrical-conductivity studies, provide evidence that this blue colour and electrical current are due to the solvated electron.


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Chloroprene

Chloroprene, also known as 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene, is a colorless, flammable, volatile synthetic liquid with a pungent ethereal odor.

Chloroprene is not generally available from chemical supply firms. Concentrated chloroprene is extremely reactive unless stored cold, under inert gas, and in presence of oxidation inhibitors and free radical scavengers. With pure chloroprene multiple undesirable reactions can occur, including spontaneous dimerization, polymerization, oxidation, epoxide formation, and nitration.


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Due to its reactivity, handling and transportation of chloroprene are carefully regulated; shipment of uninhibited chloroprene is forbidden by statute.

Chloroprene is not known to occur naturally. It is not widely distributed in the environment due its reactivity and its use at a limited number of facilities worldwide. Industrial production of chloroprene is accomplished in sealed reactor systems with very limited fugitive emissions.


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Chloroprene is not considered a persistent environmental pollutant due its reactivity, nor is it known to undergo bioaccumulation or biomagnification because it is readily metabolized. Given its significant vapor pressure, most released chloroprene will be gaseous and will react with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone molecules.

Half-lives of these reactions have been estimated to be 18 h and 10 days, respectively. Chloroprene would be expected to evaporate from soil and water toward the same fate. It has been detected in industrial wastewaters of the People’s Republic of China


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Butyl Acetate

Butyl acetate is an organic compound with the formula CH3CO2(CH2)3CH3. A colorless, flammable liquid, it is the ester derived from n-butanol and acetic acid. It is found in many types of fruit, where it imparts characteristic flavors and has a sweet smell of banana or apple. It is used as an industrial solvent.


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Butyl acetate is commonly manufactured by the Fischer esterification of butanol (or its isomer to make an isomer of butyl acetate) and acetic acid with the presence of sulfuric acid.


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Normal butyl acetate's most common industry use is in the production of lacquers and paints (due to its low volatility) as a solvent. Additionally, it has uses in the manufacturing of artificial leather, plastics adhesives and hardened coatings and topcoats.

PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC or Vinyl) is a high-strength thermoplastic material. It is widely used in applications such as pipes, medical devices, and wire & cable insulation. The list is endless. It is the world's third-most widely produced synthetic plastic polymer. So, what is PVC? What is it made up of? How to process it?


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Polyvinyl Chloride is widely available in two broad categories:

Flexible and Rigid. But there are more types like CPVC, PVC-O and PVC-M.

Plasticized or Flexible PVC (Density: 1.1-1.35 g/cm3): Flexible PVC is formed by the addition of compatible plasticizers to PVC which lower the crystallinity. These plasticizers act like lubricants resulting in a much clearer and flexible plastic. This type of PVC is sometimes called as PVC-P.

Unplasticized or Rigid PVC (Density: 1.3-1.45 g/cm3): Rigid PVC is a stiff and cost-effective plastic. It shows high resistance to impact, water, weather, chemicals and corrosive environments. This type of PVC is also known as UPVC, PVC-U or uPVC.


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What is the use of PVC in industry?

Typical example of PVC construction products include:
Window and door profiles, conservatories and atria.
Pipes and fittings.
Power, data and telecoms wiring and cables.
Cable and services ducting.

Internal and external cladding.
Roofing and ceiling systems and membranes.
Rainwater, soil and waste systems.
Flooring.

PVC resin obtained from polymerization is extremely unstable. This is due to its low thermal stability and high melt viscosity. It needs to be modified before processing into finished products. Its properties can be enhanced or modified by adding several additives. Selecting additives dependent on end application requirements.

Plasticizers

Plasticizers are used as softening agents. Some examples include Phthalates, Adipates, and Trimellitates, to name a few. These additives enhance the rheological properties of vinyl products by raising the temperature.

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Hexane

A colorless flammable liquid derived from the fractional distillation of petroleum. It is used as a solvent and in low-temperature thermometers.

Hexane is used to extract edible oils from seeds and vegetables, as a special-use solvent, and as a cleaning agent.  Acute (short-term) inhalation exposure of humans to high levels of hexane causes mild central nervous system (CNS) effects, including dizziness, giddiness, slight nausea, and headache. 

Chronic (long-term) exposure to hexane in air is associated with polyneuropathy in humans, with numbness in the extremities, muscular weakness, blurred vision, headache, and fatigue observed.  Neurotoxic effects have
also been exhibited in rats.