Eczema is the medical term for extremely dry skin, and it is very common in babies and children.
This child has chronic eczema in her elbow crease and an acute allergic skin reaction with hives over her forearm.

Eczema often begins in newborns with two round red patches on the skin, sometimes on the cheeks, behind the ears, or on the scalp (CRADLE CAP). Over the first few weeks, it moves to the wrists and ankles and sometimes the arms, thighs, or stomach.

Always use perfume and dye-free laundry detergent, soaps, and creams. Dress children in cotton clothing.

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Old school thinking on eczema was to minimize the number of baths that you give your baby, however, thinking has changed. Doctors now recommend daily baths in warm water NOT hot water for no more than 3-5 minutes. Pat the skin dry, then promptly apply a rich hypoallergenic moisturizer.

Shorten your baby or child’s fingernails to reduce problems from scratch. Nail clippers often cause bleeding at the nail bed if you try to cut the nails too short. Instead, use an emery board to file their nails very short.

Put scratch mittens on newborns at night, children can wear cotton socks or gloves on their hands to prevent scratching while asleep.

Eczema is aggravated by heat. Often you’ll find it’s actually worse in summer and not winter. In very hot weather, stay indoors, in air conditioning. Find a great indoor playground for young children on those super hot days. Also, playing the grass can aggravate eczema, so when possible, dress children in lightweight pants instead of shorts.

Use a humidifier in the winter to keep skin from drying out.

Topical steroids are helpful for controlling itch and inflammation; ask your doctor for a prescription. Antihistamines may help relieve itching, but tend to make the baby or child very sleepy. They can be helpful with babies who can’t sleep because they are itchy and scratching all night.

Antibiotics may be required to treat skin infections which can arise as a complication from so much scratching.

HEAT RASH

Symptoms of heat rash include tiny pink bumps, mainly on the neck and upper back. It is also called prickly heat. Treat heat rash with techniques that cool off the skin and allow it to breathe.

Give your child a cool bath for 10 minutes every 2-3 hours without soap. Let their skin dry completely before dressing them in loose cotton clothing. Keep them in air conditioning if possible.

HIVES

Hives look a lot like mosquito bites. Symptoms of hives are raised pink spots with fluid-filled centers. They can vary in size and shape, and be up to 3 inches across. Hives are very itchy.

Hives are often caused by allergies to foods or insect stings. Though some children develop hives when their skin is exposed in very cold weather. Please record the incidence of hives along with what your child has eaten or come into contact with. Bring this with you when you follow up with the doctor.

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