20 TYPES OF LAND DOCUMENTS THAT CAN PERFECT YOUR LAND DEALS

12th | December | 2024

• Title Documents

- 1. A Land Excision is a title document issued by state governments to effect the release of a portion of land to indigenous people or settlers who originally owned the lands before the enactment of the Land Use Act 1978 which vests all compromised lands excluding Federal Government occupied lands in the custody of the Executive State Governor.

- 2. A Gazetted Land is land that has been officially announced by the government as having been excised from its possession and given to an individual, community, or entity. A gazette is the official document that announces this, and it includes details about the land, such as the name of the community and the number of hectares cleared.

- 3. A Right of Occupancy (R-of-O) is a title document issued by the federal government upon a land allocation that gives someone the right to occupy and utilize a land especially in Abuja FCT in Nigeria. The government can revoke a R-of-O for overriding public interest if need be. This is called compulsory acquisition.

- 4. A Certificate of Occupancy (C-of-O) is a land title document with a great significance, endorsed by the Executive State Governor and affirms that the holder has the legal right of ownership over the land for 99 years renewable. Revocation for overriding public interest attracts compensation from the government.

- 5. A Governor's Consent is a land title document that gives the state government's approval when transferring land ownership, especially when the land already has a Certificate of Occupancy (C-of-O), a since C-of-O cannot be processed twice on the same parcel of land. Without a Governor's Consent or C-of-O, any land transfer of ownership, lease, mortgage, or other real estate dealings are considered invalid.

• Legal Documents

- 6. A Land Contract of Sale is a legal document (agreement) that outlines the terms and conditions for purchasing an estate property from a real estate company. It allows real estate buyers to purchase land and housing units outrightly or instalmentlly (with a payment plan) directly from a real estate firm without getting a loan from a bank or other financial institutions.

- 7. A Deed of Assignment is a legal document that shows that the buyer is now the new owner of the real estate pending the release of his C-of-O or Governor's Consent to perfect his ownership of the property.

- 8. A Deed of Trust, also known as a trust deed, is a legal document (agreement) between a lender/mortgage bank or mortgagor and a borrower/mortgagee where the lender holds the legal title to a real estate purchased by the borrower until he pays off the loan or forfeit ownership to the lender to set off the loan in case he defaults in repaying the loan.

- 9. A Deed of Conveyance is a legal document that transfers the ownership of a real estate from one party to another before the enactment of the Land Use Act in 1978 which replaced it with the issuance of Certificate of Occupancy. Up till today, some real estates still maintain a Deed of Conveyance as their major title document.

- 10. A Survey Plan (Red Copy) is a document has been recorded at the Surveyor-General's office and it can also help to verify if the land is under government (committed/restricted) acquisition or not including the exact measurements, map and description of the land.

- 11. A Land Information Certificate is a document that provides information about a land acquisition status whether it is free from government acquisition, and its zoning restrictions whether it is for residential, commercial, industrial or agricultural development. It can be obtained by a registered Surveyor through the office of the Surveyor-General of the state and required for the processing of a C-of-O.

- 12. A Land Allocation Letter, also known as a letter of allotment, is a legal document that confirms a person or company's provisional allocation of a government land scheme applied and paid for. It is issued by a state government authority, preceding the issuance of a C-of-O and is an important step in the process of becoming a real estate owner.

- 13. An Approved Building Plan means the final construction plans/documents that have been approved in accordance with safety and modern standard by the appropriate government agency, that will be utilized for the construction of the building project.

- 14. A Land Court Judgment is a documented legal decision of an apex court (supreme court) that settles a land dispute in favour of a party and explains why the court made a particular order against the other party. It is a reliable land document in the case of buying a once disputed land.

- 15. A Will is a legal document that describes how you would like your properties including real estate and other assets to be distributed after your death.

- 16. A Letter of Administration is a legal document obtained from a probate court that grants someone the authority to manage or own the estate of a deceased person who died without a valid will.

• Transactional Documents

- 17. A Property Family Receipt is a document that acknowledges payment for a land/house but it is not considered a valid proof of ownership until payments for all statutory documents and infrastructural/allocation fees have been completed, and obtained.

- 18. A Site Layout of an estate is a plan that shows the location of plots, roads, open spaces, parking, map, boundary and other features of a site. A site layout plan may also show the relationship of the real property to nearby roads and buildings. It is a transactional document that interested buyers request to view in order to choose their choice of plot(s) or housing unit(s) before payment.

- 19. A Survey Plan (Blue Copy) is a transactional document not yet recorded at the Surveyor General's office but details the exact measurements, map and description of the land.

- 20. A Demand Notice in real estate is a state government issued land document or letter which communicates a financial requirements upon a successful application of a government land scheme to the applicant and gives notice of the timeframe in which the required payments, and statutory fees must be made in order to avoid forfeiture of slots applied for.

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