What does it take to obtain European citizenship? In this article, we will explain the requirements and benefits of obtaining one!

With easier access to European countries thanks to trade agreements between Brazil and Brazil, European citizenship has gained prominence in recent decades.

This form of citizenship not only offers rights and opportunities within the European area, but also reflects the compatibility of people from other nations with shared values, such as democracy, human rights and the rule of law. With more flexible laws and various opportunities, the European continent has become an ideal for many people.

However, it is common to be confused about the step-by-step process to apply for European citizenship. So, how do you start the process?

What is European citizenship?

European citizenship was officially established by the Maastricht Treaty in 1992. It grants all citizens of the European Union member states certain additional rights, such as freedom of movement and residence in any EU country, the right to vote and stand for election in European Parliament elections and local elections in their country of residence.

In addition, European citizenship demonstrates a greater commitment to the EU's core values, such as the protection of human rights and the promotion of peace.

European citizenship and its advantages

Europe awakens the passion of many tourists. Just a visit to the cultural and natural beauty of the Cinque Terre in Italy or a coffee in Paris is enough to make you want to be part of this continent.

Not to mention that the benefits of European citizenship are extensive. One of the main attractions is freedom of movement. EU citizens can live, work and study in any member country without the need for visas or additional permits.
This possibility not only enriches personal and professional experiences, but also facilitates exchanges between nations.

Another very important point is consular protection. European citizens have the right to receive consular assistance in countries outside the EU, even if their country of origin does not have a local embassy. This provides security in emergency situations.

European citizenship also allows access to a broad and diverse labor market, with laws that protect workers' rights and guarantee equal conditions. The quality of life in many European countries, together with high-quality health and education systems, are also factors that attract people to seek citizenship.

Ways to acquire European citizenship

There are currently several ways to acquire European citizenship, and each of them has specific requirements and procedures.

Citizenship by naturalization

Naturalization is a process by which a foreigner can become a citizen of a country after meeting certain requirements, such as length of residence, knowledge of the local language and culture, and demonstrating that he or she is a respectable and productive citizen.

Here, the process is usually a little longer, and is more rigorous than scanning documents and submitting the application. The criteria for naturalization vary between EU countries.

Citizenship by descent

Many European countries grant the right to citizenship by descent, allowing people with European ancestry to apply for citizenship in their countries of origin.

For example, a Brazilian with French grandparents can obtain French citizenship, as long as they can prove this connection.

This process can vary, depending on the laws of each country. Therefore, it is not enough to simply have a French surname to apply; you must prove the connection through a careful analysis.

Citizenship by marriage

The union of a foreigner with a citizen of a European country can make it easier to obtain citizenship.
Most EU countries offer a favorable and very fast path to citizenship for spouses of national citizens, although this usually requires legal residence in the country for a certain period, which can vary from 1 to 5 years.

Citizenship by investment

Some EU countries offer citizenship by investment schemes, allowing people who invest in the local economy to gain citizenship.

This can include investing in property, businesses or donating to government funds. Countries such as Malta and Portugal have such schemes, attracting global investors.

Difference between citizenship of a European country and citizenship of the European Union

Citizenship of a European country and citizenship of the European Union are very different concepts. While national citizenship is regulated by each member state and may have different requirements and benefits, citizenship of the European Union functions as an additional status.

In the case of citizenship of a European country, for example, a French citizen has specific rights and duties within France, in addition to the rights granted by EU citizenship. On the other hand, EU citizenship offers a common set of rights that extend beyond national borders.

Rights and duties of a European citizen

The rights of European citizens include the right to free movement, reside in any member state, and the right to vote and be voted for, among others. This means that EU citizens can move freely within the European continent, work, study and reside in any member state, and participate in elections.

Meanwhile, duties include respecting the laws of the country of residence and adhering to EU principles, which include promoting peace, protecting human rights and combating discrimination.

Best countries to obtain European citizenship

The choice of country to seek European citizenship may depend on several factors, including requirements, benefits and life opportunities. Below we have listed some of the best nations for Brazilians:

Portugal: Portugal's Golden Visa program allows investors to access residency and, eventually, citizenship after five years.
Ireland: Irish citizenship by descent is quite affordable, and the country has a friendly environment for expats. The Naturalization program is also favorable for those who wish to apply for citizenship.

Spain: Spanish citizenship can be acquired after ten years of residency, but citizens of Ibero-American countries can apply for it after just two years.

Malta: Malta has a citizenship by investment program that attracts many citizens. The country is a growing financial and technological center, which attracts the attention of entrepreneurs.

Bulgaria: Bulgarian citizenship can be acquired through investment, and the country offers a fast-track residency option.

Conclusion

European citizenship is a symbol of belonging to a community rich in culture and with very well-established duties.

With the benefits it provides, such as freedom of movement, access to quality services and consular protection, European citizenship can be the goal of many people from the most diverse nations. As the European continent continues to evolve, European citizenship becomes increasingly relevant.

A survey conducted by Eurobarometer in 2022 indicated that more than 70% of EU citizens consider European citizenship important for building a common future, highlighting the sense of community among the European population.