airsaylongcome:


Obviously not working for a Nigerian employer! I have long forgotten about those idiots. I have a former colleague who now works at Tekxperts. Recommended him for a US remote opening. And he is on the verge of being hired. Should be taking 10 times what he currently earns, doing the same job that he currently does. F*ck Nigerian employers

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LOL

Nigerian employer can frustrate for Africa.

DrLevi:

How does one find these american companies? LinkedIn or Indeed?

LinkedIn is the best, placed the open to work banner on your profile pic so that hopefully recruiters can reach out to you.

airsaylongcome:


Na wa o! I don't look anywhere else. And you are absolutely right that US remote options are not very easy to get. America don spoil me sha. Minimum I'd expect for entry-level dev would be a million naira for someone barely competent and this is using American standards.

Sir you are joking right? In this Nigeria

The concept of Privilege Rings was originally introduced by Multics in year 1960, Multics was the first OS to hardware-enforce privilege rings. Later on Intel copied or should I say Intel later added that feature(is hardware-enforced privilege rings). In Intel processor, there are 4 privilege rings which are ring 0, ring 1, ring 2, ring 3.
Ring 0: This is the most privileged ring. Makes me remember Alina malware. The OS kernel works in this ring.
Ring 1 & 2: This is the second most privileged ring, the OS services works in this ring.
Ring 3: This is the least privileged ring. User mode application works here.
But there is a little thing to remember with privileged rings, and that is!!!
In the real world of OS development, the entire OS runs in ring 0 and user mode application runs in ring 3, so therefore we can infer that there are only 2 rings involved, ring 0 and ring 3. This explain why OS security is hard to achieve, when I analyzed the Alina malware, it was very common to see user space code calling the ntdll api or the kernel32.dll api.
This means that a skilled malware author can attempt to affect or compromise the Kernel even using user space code.
Guys please always update your OS to the latest version.
Segmentation [/b[
Segmentation is a very important topic especially with memory management. Now I am going to detour a little bit. From my prior experience with C coding, I will like to take about segmentation fault. Segmentation fault simply refers to "trying to access and or modify memory you shouldn't". This is very common especially with allocating memory, reallocating memory or not remembering to free up used memory.
Turning to page 2786 of the Intel Manual(dated May 2020), we are presented with every thing to know about Segmentation. On page 2871 a detailed summary is provided.
Segmentation provides a [b]mechanism for dividing the processor's addressable memory space into smaller protected address space called segments. Segments can hold code, data structure, data, stack for a program. Segmentation is a very interesting topic and I believe that the Intel manual really explains the topic well enough.
Now we've gotten to the Interrupt and Exception land.....
Interrupts and exceptions are events that indicates that a condition exist somewhere in the system, you can begin to think about the System Management interrupt I mentioned earlier. So once an interrupt or exception is detected, the currently running state is suspended and then the processor jumps to the handle the interrupt or exception. The processor receives interrupts from 2 main sources: external(hardware) or internal(software).
Exception indicates error conditions, while interrupts are likely related to hardware events. For example, when you press a key on the keyboard, the interrupt can trigger the processor to handle the key pressed. After an interrupt has been handled then the Interrupt Flag is cleared to eliminate recursive interrupts.
The interrupt and or exception handler are tasked with saving the buck of the previous running state since the hardware/processor saves little states.

Dec 4, 2021: Learned about the various Privilege Rings in Intel, Segmentation, and Interrupts.

So today I learned about CPUID , Execution Modes available in Intel and MSR

CPUID is an assembly instruction very related with the Intel Architecture.
So in essence the CPUID is kinda a mechanism to find out if the CPU/processor support features like 64bit mode, hardware virtualization, Hyper threading, thermal monitor amongst other features. When I checked page 2843(Volume 3) in the Intel Manual, that is also index 1.3.6, the CPUID takes input from values stored at EAX register. (Note that I am using the Intel manual dated May 2020).
The hardware/processor knows if CPUID is supported by checking the ID flag in the EFLAG register, the ID flag is located at bit 21 in the EFLAG register.
It is possible to read and write to the EFLAG register by using 2 assembly instruction which are PUSHFQ and POPFQ.
When there is a 0x0 in the EAX register before the CPUID is executed, the correct string output from EDX, ECX, EBX should be "Genuine Intel", that shows the Intel processor is running on the system. Checking CPUID info on Wikipedia shows this information, the link here https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPUID
When the input to EAX before CPUID is executed is 0x7, then it starts getting interesting (according to the Intel Manual), the 2bit in EBX register will notify us if the system supports Software Guard Extension to provide some level of security, the 7th bit will notify us if the system supports Supervisory Mode Execution Prevention, the SMEP makes sure that kernel mode software are not run in user mode, the 20th bit will notify us if the system supports Supervisory Mode Access Prevention, the SMAP will forcefully stop the kernel from accessing data from user space, this is very used in rootkit, but armed with this info, that bit can be monitored. Based on VM settings the Hypervisor can intercept the CPUID configuration, part of the reason why using raw processor is necessary to monitor CPUID related information.

Next I learned about the different processor mode in Intel.
Starting with Real Address Mode. Generally the RAM(Real Address Mode) is not the best security-wise, DOS used the RAM. The real reason why the RAM suck is that there are privilege rings, so a typical malware can both infect the kernel and users space. When a processor is reset it reverts back to RAM.
Next is the System Management Mode. The SMM is triggered by the System Management Interrupt, the SMM makes sure there is added protection.
The SMM is dubbed the most privileged execution mode, security is of Paramount importance.
Next is the Protected Mode. This is one of the mode common mode of execution, checking page 72(Volume 1) provides more information. A lot of Systems uses/operates the Protected Mode, the PM provides support for privilege rings which the RAM lacks.
AMD originally named the x86-64 the Long Mode(by the way I think that the Finite State Machine from AMD is more presentable than that of Intel). What I am trying to convey is that the graphical representation of the execution mode from AMD feels more presentable and logical.
After the Protected Mode comes the Long Mode, now the Long Mode has 2 Operating mechanism/mode which are compatibility mode and x64 mode. The compatibility mode allows for backward compatibility that is why it is possible to run 32bit programs on a 64bit machine. The AMD also shows the bits to tweak to traverse through the various mode. AMD rocks on this one!!!!
Next I learned about MSR or Model Specific Register, and I must say that the MSR is a hoooge topic that Intel dedicated an entire volume on MSR, and I must still say that knowledge of MSR and MSR mapping is really fantastic.
Let's ride on.
So the CPUID allows software(particularly Operating System) to know what features are supported by a given processor, but how does the features get enabled? The answer is MSR. For example, on a particular processor, Bluetooth feature is available, how then can we enable Bluetooth through the OS? Once again MSR. One common convention with Architectural MSR is the fact that "IA32_" is very common, what this means is that this MSR is generic to all processor. I knew this after some asking around lol. During class today, we did a little experiment. Before I detail the experiment, there are 2 very important assembly instructions related to MSR, these are RDMSR(Read MSR) which reads MSR specified at ECX into EDX:EAX(imul comes to mind here) and WRMSR(Write MSR). Now to the experiment.
Step 1: Opening to page 4532 in Volume 4 of the Intel Manual.
Step 2: I am actually seeing an hex value(C000_00B0). This is a IA32_EFER MSR.
Step 3: Looking at the bit 8 field, notice that it signifies that IA32e mode is enabled, that means that the bit 8 field is what enabled 64bit mode, notice the e which means extended.
Step 4: Looking at the bit 10 field, this notifies us if 64bit mode is active.

Now looking at the comment column, that pseudo code is showing us basically that IF CUPID 80000001 return true(1) for bit 20 or 29. What does this mean? Let's check Volume 3 that is Table 3-8 for the initial EAX value of 80000001 and then check EDX for bit 20 or 29, notice that bit 20 didn't give a desirable output but bit 29 reads "Intel Architecture 64 available of 1".
So this makes us know that 64 bit is available on this particular processor.
Now linking it all up, first the CPUID allowed us to know if 64 bit mode is available on this processor, but we can only enable the 64 bit mode via MSR.

Dec 3, 2021: Downloaded materials to study OS internals.
Trusted the process even of I don't know where it will take me.

Later in the day, I might write a short summary of what I've learnt today. Time for breakfast and study. See you soon

So in the coming days I'll learn more on the Intel Architecture and its relations with the Windows OS.

Preliminary: This thread is a twin to the other thread where I explored the dark corners of the internet. You can find it here https://www.nairaland.com/6820385/me-dark-corner
I won't go into practical details in this thread just the theoretical.

Materials I will be using: Intel Manual, Microsoft Documentation, An online class, Google Chrome

Why I am doing this: I believe that the best way to learn / study well is to teach what you know in the simplest way and also spaced repetition
I am also a big fan of low level stuffs.

Let's jump right in!!!!!!

Useless trip as usual.
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Saifullah01:
OP,
Don't mind the negative comment from all these small minds that think everything is for show of. It's because we don't share anything of worth that's why the Nigerian cyberspace is baren and filled with scammer.

Imagine you want to know how much the pay of someone in your industry, with your experience, in Nigeria and all those stuff - This post just partly answers it.

To get this kind of vital info I need to start searching foreign blogs like monster.com, indeed, glassdoor etc. But here we have it and all you guys say is - so what?

Thanks for sharing OP.

This is plan pride, if OP nor gree collect job, let him keep it to himself, abi who send am message?
Secondly if you need to know what your industry pay is you can always ask peers in the same industry as you.

MARSONE:
My God.

So much negativity on my harmless post.

If anyone knows me, bragging can’t be associated with me. I know how empty life is and uncertain the breath we take can be so I don’t take life too seriously at all.

My main reason for making this post is to show my displeasure with the underpayment of Nigerians and it is not acceptable by all means. The marine industry is a very expensive industry and the certifications do not come cheap so the remuneration should equate that but in Nigeria, it is not so.

[b[How I wish we all know our worth and class so we negotiate better in life[/b].

I know things are hard in naija and people are barely surviving. I pray we all get sorted someday and somehow.

Peace.

First the tune of you post sounded like you were bragging.

Second underpaying has been in Nigeria for a long time, so if you are just knowing, don't be shocked.

Finally, you could have posted without mentioning amount, in this Nigeria where someone like me will do Thanksgiving if I jam a N9million naira job, you are rejecting, ah it annoy me ooo. This type of matter don't mention amount, you could have just said "Due to renumeration issues, I didn't accept the job".

Cybercop2002:
pls what help can you people do to me ,iwanna relocated but am 19

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Please don't relocated with this type of grammar ooo.
E get why?

Just keep the spirit high boss, the Lord is your strength.
Have a skill and if you are enrolled in a tertiary institution, focus on your studies. Get your International Passport if you can.

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Your moniker, are you in CyberSec??, because I am also in CyberSec, I and a Pakistani guy are learning together. If you are please drop lemme know, I might learn from you as well.

Candidlady:


how can you hate your own country?

how can you love anada when you hate yourself?

So you love Nigeria ma?
Well Good for you.
I terrible hate anything Nigeria(did you notice the adjective?).

walkbrazil4k:

Which countries would you love to visit, please share
https://www.walkbrazil4k.com/2021/11/6-wonderful-countries-on-my-bucket-list.html?m=1

1. Reykjavík, Iceland
2. Zurich, Switzerland
3. Castries, St Lucia
4. Santiago, Chile
5. Oslo, Norway
6. Malé, Maldives

My Hommies ..... 0.Hadampson 1.Niklausefred 2. Fidelismaria 3. Nicoswit 5. Jaycew ( POLAND)* 6. Subomi007 7. lamboladee 8. SaintHillary (UK)* 9. Vhuqnl 10. Joohan 11.Paccus 12. Richdee1 13. ichbinbrait 14. Canih28 15. olioxx 16. Savagethe21st 17. aziza45442 18. 2Lynx 19.NoFap123 20.Daintyprincess (new member) 21. Brawlscartel 22. seedorfy134 23.Tolzy11(welcome to the crew) 24.RedChiefPriest 25.GodsGabby (welcome cool) 26.Ayomide8990 (welcome mate) 27.Jizzyjordan 28. opeey

tensazangetsu20:


Slavery visas in the sense of what the woman is talking about but it's not a bad deal at all.

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Oh I grab. Because seriously I dey pray night and day make God arrange my Japa moves within 2sec.
Naija don tire son of Man.

tensazangetsu20:
Lol a lot of Nigerians and Africans will actually take such if it exists besides it even exists. Most work visas in Western nations are slavery visas anyway. You are stuck with your employer for a certain period of time up to ten years In some cases before you can get a permanent stay. Loose your job or get in trouble with your employer and you are back to the shithole zoo you came from.

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Me that I am still hustling for work visa, well if it is LEGIT no problem.
Explain what you mean at the bolded sir.

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Boss ednut1 the only boss himself, agbawo Canada, twale baba, you see say I don hype you small, nor forget the Macbook you promised me too.
You remember that day like that, though e don tey wey you promise me and pocohantas. God nor go shame us.

Blurpy:
We are still on the same page, if you seek to migrate for economical reasons, do proper research and planning otherwise you'll still encounter worse problems than those you mentioned. Not just to travel to any country outside Nigeria

.
No this sounds right. A lot of Nigerians are lazy, always wanting it easy, no proper research nothing!!!!!

walkbrazil4k:


Yes you gave that troll a very heavy blow,(remember that blow modenine said he gave rugged man) lol I ignore them all now. Abeg bro I nor be sir, lol. I was actually ready for the battle but in order for me to finally concentrate I had to battle the bullies first, you can abuse me fine I will accept it but defamation of character and false accustions is what I wont stand for, I see your dark corner work, I see all the efforts you put in, imagine if someone from no where tries to mess it up I am sure you would defend it with your life and i feel the same way, it is not easy to travel, walk around and then shoot videos, I guess I would write something about that, my experience shooting walking videos.


Even from the travel group they have told me to forgive him but I won't, I would just make a report and I wont take it further, because he ran away and Can't tender an open apology, how do you even forgive someone that tried to destroy your brand? I won't do anything with anyone without a written and signed agreement(I am not hungry and desperate) I just want to blog on here, bro I wrote a book about Brazil its like a Brazilian travel guide from the street level, if you want it I can send it to you, I sell it online but for you it's free, if you want it I would pm you and send it to your email, let me know, one love bro

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I would really appreciate.

walkbrazil4k I have responded your mail, you can send it now.

walkbrazil4k:


He just deactivated his profile bro, but I would still report the case, Nigerians need to learn this is 2021

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Sincerely speaking I like your flow sir, I am sure that with this action, the number of stupid idiots on Travel section will reduce.
You remember this moniker XXXXTENTACION that wanted to be doing balabala, the way I systematically insulted that moniker made him/her to get the Bleep off.
Some people just derive pleasure in derailing beautiful articles, but once you respond tactically, them go behave.

Kudus for the good work√√√√

I read the Nigerian Constitution in my Secondary school days during Civic Education class, my teacher asked us to read Section 4 to learn about Human Right as enshrined in the 1999 Constitution, but guess what?? Even Nigerian Government nor dey respect Human Rights of her citizen.
Nigerian Constitution nah SCAM.

walkbrazil4k you just made me love Brazil more and more, starting from em sexy Brazilian ladies, to that sweet accent and now cheap beer. Oh My Gwad!!!! Brazil is cool men.
#Respect

Robertirase:
Please beware op is a scammer using Fake Facebook page and fake YouTube channel. He is in so many WhatsApp groups he is a [i]professional and cool headed scammer[/i]justwise

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Brother odé can you see your life outside.
Mind what you say, you nor go gree, see as you embarrassed yourself.
Yahoo boy werey nah FBI go reason your matter Las Las.