Welcome, Guest: Register On Nairaland / LOGIN! / Trending / Recent / New
Stats: 3,150,495 members, 7,808,832 topics. Date: Thursday, 25 April 2024 at 05:39 PM

Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries - Education - Nairaland

Nairaland Forum / Nairaland / General / Education / Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries (5711 Views)

'Greedy' Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries / List Of First Nigerian Professors And Their State Of Origin / List Of First Nigerian Professors In Various Disciplines (2) (3) (4)

(1) (2) (Reply) (Go Down)

Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries by onyeka205(m): 7:03am On Oct 14, 2020
Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries | Oludayo Tade
By Adebayo Abdulrahman - October 13, 2020

"What we are saying is that if the Federal Government would reduce its profligacy and cut waste, there will be enough money to pay teachers in public universities, as well as fund research and upgrade infrastructure in such institutions. Hungry teachers can neither teach well nor carry out research. And poorly-taught students can neither excel nor propel their nation to great heights" (APC Interim National Publicity Secretary, Alhaji Lai Mohammed, Daily Post, August 21, 2013)

The perennial onslaught on public education has been taken to the next level by this administration with the statement by Minister of State for Education, Chukwuemeka Nwajiuba that the bulk of the national budget on education is used to pay the salaries of 10,500 Professors in the public University system. In his interview with the Punch newspapers, Nwajiuba averred that strike by University lecturers is a major factor driving students abroad and to private universities. In this piece, I provide available facts to put the records straight with regards to the salary of lecturers; and go further to argue as to why lecturers deserve appropriate wages that will guarantee value commensurate with what they give to the academic system and the society. In 2012 when the federal government carried out the needs assessment of the Nigerian universities, it was found that out of the 37,504 lecturers, 28,128 of them were full time and pensionable. Since then, there has been no major recruitment of academic staff despite the usual attrition on account of resignations, retirement and demise.This is what forced few academics to take up the burden of work meant for many lecturers necessitating the issue of earned academic allowances in the ASUU-FGN agreement of 2009. From 2013 to 2020, government owes lecturers Billions of naira but these lecturers have no right to complain over their duly earned entitlements in the wisdom of the government. The ASUU-FGN agreement of 2009 stipulated that a lecturer I is to be paid N15,000, Senior lecturer (N20,000) and Professor (N25,000) per annum per student for supervision. The lecturers now described as selfish and gluttonous are yet to be paid for several years of supervising students. An external examiner is supposed to be paid N80,000 for a Master dissertation and N105,000 for Doctoral examination. The internal examiner for the same purposes ought to be paid N45, 000 and N65, 000 respectively but these only exists in the agreement and have not been implemented for eleven years! In Nwajiuba’s wisdom, these are not issues to go on strike for.
University Lecturers are over-stretched and least paid when compared with lecturers in polytechnics and colleges of Education despite the fact that ninety seven percent of UTME applicants prefer University Education to Polytechnic or Colleges of Education. In 2018, 1,558,686 of UTME candidates chose University, 24524 (NCE) and 69712 (Polytechnic). Less than ten percent of degree pursuing applicants chooses private varsities. In 2009, both the Federal Government and ASUU came up with two salary tables (I and II). Table II was called the African average salary payable across the continent but government pleaded that the Table I which undervalues intellectualism should be used to pay lecturers till such a time the government is able to raise funds to meet the African average salary. ASUU’s altruistic disposition made the body agree to receive less while doing more work. Unfortunately, it is now eleven years of receipt of slave-like wage which assuredly will make colleagues in Ugandan public varsities universities cringe! The salaries of the selfish Nigerian lecturers by cadre are as follows: Assistant lecturer (N118,277 -N137, 334); lecturer II has a doctorate degree (N129, 724 – N153, 563);Lecturer I has at least three years post-PhD experience on the job (N160, 809 – N203, 778), Senior lecturer with at least six years experience on the job (N222,229 –314, 159), Associate professor (with at least nine years experience on the job: N277, 179 – N350, 169) and a Full Professor with twelve and more years experience on the job (N332, 833 – 416, 743). They get these after tax and other deductions. Before deductions, a newly appointed Full Professor has N437, 499 and after deductions he is paid N332, 833 monthly. A Professor “at the bar”, is one who has spent ten years as a professor and that is when he/she can earn consolidated pay of N555, 351 and following deductions their net pay comes down to N416, 743 monthly!
In Ugandan public varsities, Assistant Lecturer earns $1,631; Senior lecturer ($2,432), Associate Professor ($3,891) and Professor ($4,054) per month respectively. In University of South Africa, Junior lecturer earns (N10, 453, 326 – N17,427,663), Lecturer (N12,547,744-N20,910,248), Senior Lecturer(N16,272,983 – N27,891,819), Associate Professor (N20,224,232 – N32,564,902) and Professor (N22,325,844 – N37,209,741) per annum. Does this explain why we can hardly attract any international scholar to our public varsities? Mind you, the mix of international scholars and students is among the items considered in ranking universities internationally. Are you still wondering why South Africa almost always occupies the top spaces in varsity rankings in Africa? In South Africa, scholars have research votes and funds set aside to support participation in international conferences. For every publication in rated journals, a lecturer in the orange country is incentivised so also is the Department and the Faculty towhich the scholar belongs. So no one jokes with a productive and NRF-rated scholar in South Africa. They also pay for their scholars to publish in high impact journals to increase citations. In Nigeria, such funds do not exist in practice. That the University of Ibadan, for instance, still ranks among the best in the world is largely the outcome of the personal sweat of committed scholars in the institution and not because there is any special incentive system in place. Lecturers are even sometimes forced to take loans to attend international conferences because their institutions shockingly include it as a condition for promotion. It thus usually feels awkward to tell colleagues from institutions where conference funding is provided that you as a scholar from Nigeria borrowed money to attend a conference. Such is the character of the parasitic Nigerian system where the knowledge economy is relegated and personal interest is elevated. Is it not difficult to imagine that the former Interim National Publicity Secretary of All Progressive Congress, who is now Minister of Information and Culture, Alhaji Lai Mohammed who uttered the opening excerpts of this piece is part of a government that does not believe in what he said in 2013?
While South Africa voted 396billion Rand to education in 2020, President Buhari’s2021 budget allocated 691.07billion to Education representing 6.7percent of the entire budget, a gross shortfall to the UNESCO prescribed minimum of 26percent. Unlike the lie of the Minister of State for Education that the bulk of the Education budget is used to cater for 10,500 Professors, the 691.07billion is to cater for 28 education parastatals, 37 federal Universities, 25 federal polytechnics, 21 federal colleges of education and 104 Unity schools! Know your leaders and what to believe from their statements. The government that cannot fund research also actively frustrate funders from supporting Nigerian researchers with their policies. Rather than releasing funds to researchers promptly, Bursars often have to go to Abuja for approval to withdraw. I am aware of grant funds that are yet to be paid for a year due to the bottlenecks of Treasury single account! Interestingly, lecturers with their poor wages now make contributions in order to donate printing papers to run their Departments. No functional internet, dilapidated lecture rooms, laboratories that parade equipment of the 1980s and comatose power supply all of which hinder delivery of qualitative teaching and research. The ruling class know this and train their children in the global north. At their return, they reserve jobs for them in NNPC, FIRS, and Central Bank. For the children of the poor, they are expected to join community policing recruitment exercise of the Inspector General of Police where recruitment will still be hijacked by the same political class. Whichever way, the masses are short-changed.
Only the children of the rich and those in government can go abroad not the children of the masses. Many of the latter write JAMB yearly but the want of space and dilapidated infrastructure as well as insufficient lecturers cannot make UI for instance take more than around 3,000 instead of about 12,000 which is the quota it has. Is it not sensible to reckon that with improved infrastructure, space for admission will increase and more people will get admitted? IPPIS is a distraction and not the reason ASUU is on strike. There are two options: support ASUU for the improved conditions of service and revitalisation of public varsities or support government to destroy public universities. The choice is ours!

Dr Tade, a sociologist sent this piece via dotad2003@yaho

11 Likes 1 Share

Re: Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries by daddytime(m): 7:21am On Oct 14, 2020
I implore everyone to come read this to know what next to #End.

Isn't this just gut-wrenching and disheartening at the same time?

And we have human hippos at the NASS appropriating billions to themselves at the expense of the entire citizenry.

It is ironic and at the same time very demonic how in 2013 Lai had something to say but has now lost his voice including the insulting submission from the Minister of State. I wonder what percentage of the NASS budget he thinks goes into paying the rogues humongous salaries and allowances.

8 Likes 2 Shares

Re: Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries by LordIsaac(m): 7:22am On Oct 14, 2020
Nice piece!
Re: Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries by Julibet: 8:36am On Oct 14, 2020
Mehn.. This is really heartbreaking.. OP try editing the post well and call the mods to push to front page.

5 Likes

Re: Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries by heykims(m): 8:37am On Oct 14, 2020
Not just only those in the academics, all civil servants working in ministries are poorly renumerated.
Secondly I expect u back up ur figures with evidence. Please upload their pay slips.

3 Likes

Re: Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries by Hintona(f): 8:42am On Oct 14, 2020
Why?? someone tell me why?
Why are those goddamn Europeans doing this to us? It's high time Africans establish strong relationships with the Asians. The westerners can't continue using us as butt wipe cry

3 Likes

Re: Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries by Judybash93(m): 8:47am On Oct 14, 2020
Hmmmmm, Nigeria, i hail thee
Re: Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries by Admiral49(m): 9:05am On Oct 14, 2020
How...I don't understand
Re: Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries by InfernoNig: 9:20am On Oct 14, 2020
Civil servants in lower level are earning less even had their salaries reduced and bonuses and other package either reduced or removed while the ones in authority are earning fat with more bonuses and package added to their monthly take home
Re: Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries by Kendumazy(m): 9:53am On Oct 14, 2020
Hmm
Re: Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries by DontBullshitMe: 9:57am On Oct 14, 2020
Paragraphs!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

1 Like

Re: Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries by jydo34547: 10:04am On Oct 14, 2020
Hmmmmm, Nigeria, i hail thee
Re: Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries by Lanel355: 11:01am On Oct 14, 2020
Saving money is as important as having money itself. Saving money can help you become financially secure
This management platform that provides a wide range of financial services.which includes interests across foreign exchange,BTC&ETH..
We believe in the creation of multiple income streams for sustainable wealth.

The platform that gives opportunity to make extra money at the comfort of your home..

WEBSITE
W W W. H E R O S P H E R E. C L U B
Re: Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries by MJluv(f): 11:08am On Oct 14, 2020
The cut must start from the president to the Senate and the reps (both on the federal and state levels) and all other tiers of government.


This country is rotten almost beyond salvation.
Re: Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries by Nobody: 11:10am On Oct 14, 2020
Hintona:
Why?? someone tell me why?

Why are those goddamn Europeans doing this to us?
It's high time Africans establish strong relationships with the Asians.
The westerners can't continue using us as butt wipe cry
Nonsense... Europeans did no sh*t, now you are saying relationship with the Asians, when that one cast we will do relationship with the Americans and so on, this is the characteristics of a weak and lazy idiot (Nigeria). To succeed, you have to stand up for yourself.

6 Likes 1 Share

Re: Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries by Karlifate: 11:19am On Oct 14, 2020
MJluv:
The cut must start from the president to the Senate and the reps (both on the federal and state levels) and all other tiers of government.


This country is rotten almost beyond salvation.
The lawmakers will just be laughing at you. They'll rather die than cut their pay.

Sometimes ago, GMB suggested it BUT they waved it aside. Even GMB & PYO has reduced theirs (from what the news aired), the lawmakes did not even budge.

1 Like

Re: Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries by swiz123(m): 11:35am On Oct 14, 2020
OP should go and sit down.

compare the salary of a lecturer and that of a grade 12 civil servant and see who should be going on endless strikes.

Or is it news that these lecturers sell poorly written handouts, charge money for grades and also teach in different universities. Ask a grade 12 civil servant to choose between his job and a lecturing job and see for yourself....

So, because Uganda is paying millions to lecturers per month ( which by the way is unverified ) , Nigeria should also pay the same. Are our lecturers and professors spending their salary in Uganda? Whatever happened to salary scale in civil service.

When ASUU fight their members who charge money for grades, sex for grades and other appalling irregularities in our universities, I will take them seriously.

1 Like

Re: Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries by alicerayz: 11:45am On Oct 14, 2020
Good!! cheesy

[url]http://Ufabetlucky.com]Ufabetlucky[/url]
Re: Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries by Inspectorartz: 12:37pm On Oct 14, 2020
JOB VACANY: A major company located in Port Harcourt is recruiting. Interested candidates should send their full name and qualification(s) to 09073774157 (kindly share, you might be helping someone)
Re: Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries by Opeyemi04(m): 1:05pm On Oct 14, 2020
Re: Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries by bbrucealvarez: 1:15pm On Oct 14, 2020
Anyone who is not careful with the way they run their business enterprise, in general, knows that there is a great deal of debt collection that is taking place. When you are running a business, you need to know all of the collections you are taking and the types of things you have to do when it comes to https://consumerlawfirmcenter.com/cbe-group-debt-collection-harassment-stop-the-calls/ to it.
Re: Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries by padi94(m): 1:22pm On Oct 14, 2020
Why did you use an ironic headline... Just state ur grievance and move on... but they shud work on teachers galleries in general. How can u not take good care of the people in which you entrust your future(kids, who are the next generation) with?

2 Likes

Re: Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries by Jfix(m): 1:25pm On Oct 14, 2020
What Nonsense
Just imagine a South African professor earning more than N22 million and a Nigerian senior professor N3,993,996
Why will they Not look for students to block their course..........




...Well the Life no balance . ..
How much me self dey earn
Hisssssssss.............

2 Likes

Re: Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries by taurinee(m): 1:34pm On Oct 14, 2020
onyeka205:
Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries | Oludayo Tade
By Adebayo Abdulrahman - October 13, 2020

"What we are saying is that if the Federal Government would reduce its profligacy and cut waste, there will be enough money to pay teachers in public universities, as well as fund research and upgrade infrastructure in such institutions. Hungry teachers can neither teach well nor carry out research. And poorly-taught students can neither excel nor propel their nation to great heights" (APC Interim National Publicity Secretary, Alhaji Lai Mohammed, Daily Post, August 21, 2013)

The perennial onslaught on public education has been taken to the next level by this administration with the statement by Minister of State for Education, Chukwuemeka Nwajiuba that the bulk of the national budget on education is used to pay the salaries of 10,500 Professors in the public University system. In his interview with the Punch newspapers, Nwajiuba averred that strike by University lecturers is a major factor driving students abroad and to private universities. In this piece, I provide available facts to put the records straight with regards to the salary of lecturers; and go further to argue as to why lecturers deserve appropriate wages that will guarantee value commensurate with what they give to the academic system and the society. In 2012 when the federal government carried out the needs assessment of the Nigerian universities, it was found that out of the 37,504 lecturers, 28,128 of them were full time and pensionable. Since then, there has been no major recruitment of academic staff despite the usual attrition on account of resignations, retirement and demise.This is what forced few academics to take up the burden of work meant for many lecturers necessitating the issue of earned academic allowances in the ASUU-FGN agreement of 2009. From 2013 to 2020, government owes lecturers Billions of naira but these lecturers have no right to complain over their duly earned entitlements in the wisdom of the government. The ASUU-FGN agreement of 2009 stipulated that a lecturer I is to be paid N15,000, Senior lecturer (N20,000) and Professor (N25,000) per annum per student for supervision. The lecturers now described as selfish and gluttonous are yet to be paid for several years of supervising students. An external examiner is supposed to be paid N80,000 for a Master dissertation and N105,000 for Doctoral examination. The internal examiner for the same purposes ought to be paid N45, 000 and N65, 000 respectively but these only exists in the agreement and have not been implemented for eleven years! In Nwajiuba’s wisdom, these are not issues to go on strike for.
University Lecturers are over-stretched and least paid when compared with lecturers in polytechnics and colleges of Education despite the fact that ninety seven percent of UTME applicants prefer University Education to Polytechnic or Colleges of Education. In 2018, 1,558,686 of UTME candidates chose University, 24524 (NCE) and 69712 (Polytechnic). Less than ten percent of degree pursuing applicants chooses private varsities. In 2009, both the Federal Government and ASUU came up with two salary tables (I and II). Table II was called the African average salary payable across the continent but government pleaded that the Table I which undervalues intellectualism should be used to pay lecturers till such a time the government is able to raise funds to meet the African average salary. ASUU’s altruistic disposition made the body agree to receive less while doing more work. Unfortunately, it is now eleven years of receipt of slave-like wage which assuredly will make colleagues in Ugandan public varsities universities cringe! The salaries of the selfish Nigerian lecturers by cadre are as follows: Assistant lecturer (N118,277 -N137, 334); lecturer II has a doctorate degree (N129, 724 – N153, 563);Lecturer I has at least three years post-PhD experience on the job (N160, 809 – N203, 778), Senior lecturer with at least six years experience on the job (N222,229 –314, 159), Associate professor (with at least nine years experience on the job: N277, 179 – N350, 169) and a Full Professor with twelve and more years experience on the job (N332, 833 – 416, 743). They get these after tax and other deductions. Before deductions, a newly appointed Full Professor has N437, 499 and after deductions he is paid N332, 833 monthly. A Professor “at the bar”, is one who has spent ten years as a professor and that is when he/she can earn consolidated pay of N555, 351 and following deductions their net pay comes down to N416, 743 monthly!
In Ugandan public varsities, Assistant Lecturer earns $1,631; Senior lecturer ($2,432), Associate Professor ($3,891) and Professor ($4,054) per month respectively. In University of South Africa, Junior lecturer earns (N10, 453, 326 – N17,427,663), Lecturer (N12,547,744-N20,910,248), Senior Lecturer(N16,272,983 – N27,891,819), Associate Professor (N20,224,232 – N32,564,902) and Professor (N22,325,844 – N37,209,741) per annum. Does this explain why we can hardly attract any international scholar to our public varsities? Mind you, the mix of international scholars and students is among the items considered in ranking universities internationally. Are you still wondering why South Africa almost always occupies the top spaces in varsity rankings in Africa? In South Africa, scholars have research votes and funds set aside to support participation in international conferences. For every publication in rated journals, a lecturer in the orange country is incentivised so also is the Department and the Faculty towhich the scholar belongs. So no one jokes with a productive and NRF-rated scholar in South Africa. They also pay for their scholars to publish in high impact journals to increase citations. In Nigeria, such funds do not exist in practice. That the University of Ibadan, for instance, still ranks among the best in the world is largely the outcome of the personal sweat of committed scholars in the institution and not because there is any special incentive system in place. Lecturers are even sometimes forced to take loans to attend international conferences because their institutions shockingly include it as a condition for promotion. It thus usually feels awkward to tell colleagues from institutions where conference funding is provided that you as a scholar from Nigeria borrowed money to attend a conference. Such is the character of the parasitic Nigerian system where the knowledge economy is relegated and personal interest is elevated. Is it not difficult to imagine that the former Interim National Publicity Secretary of All Progressive Congress, who is now Minister of Information and Culture, Alhaji Lai Mohammed who uttered the opening excerpts of this piece is part of a government that does not believe in what he said in 2013?
While South Africa voted 396billion Rand to education in 2020, President Buhari’s2021 budget allocated 691.07billion to Education representing 6.7percent of the entire budget, a gross shortfall to the UNESCO prescribed minimum of 26percent. Unlike the lie of the Minister of State for Education that the bulk of the Education budget is used to cater for 10,500 Professors, the 691.07billion is to cater for 28 education parastatals, 37 federal Universities, 25 federal polytechnics, 21 federal colleges of education and 104 Unity schools! Know your leaders and what to believe from their statements. The government that cannot fund research also actively frustrate funders from supporting Nigerian researchers with their policies. Rather than releasing funds to researchers promptly, Bursars often have to go to Abuja for approval to withdraw. I am aware of grant funds that are yet to be paid for a year due to the bottlenecks of Treasury single account! Interestingly, lecturers with their poor wages now make contributions in order to donate printing papers to run their Departments. No functional internet, dilapidated lecture rooms, laboratories that parade equipment of the 1980s and comatose power supply all of which hinder delivery of qualitative teaching and research. The ruling class know this and train their children in the global north. At their return, they reserve jobs for them in NNPC, FIRS, and Central Bank. For the children of the poor, they are expected to join community policing recruitment exercise of the Inspector General of Police where recruitment will still be hijacked by the same political class. Whichever way, the masses are short-changed.
Only the children of the rich and those in government can go abroad not the children of the masses. Many of the latter write JAMB yearly but the want of space and dilapidated infrastructure as well as insufficient lecturers cannot make UI for instance take more than around 3,000 instead of about 12,000 which is the quota it has. Is it not sensible to reckon that with improved infrastructure, space for admission will increase and more people will get admitted? IPPIS is a distraction and not the reason ASUU is on strike. There are two options: support ASUU for the improved conditions of service and revitalisation of public varsities or support government to destroy public universities. The choice is ours!

Dr Tade, a sociologist sent this piece via dotad2003@yaho
Everybody watch this video, This church is doing something that will shock you for life!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bo2rMPh_4So and it is very funny o you have to watch it
Re: Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries by RenaissanceGuy: 2:00pm On Oct 14, 2020
This is a pittance. The least paid university lecturer should be getting ₦450K per month.
Re: Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries by jericco1(m): 2:13pm On Oct 14, 2020
Next time format your write up
Re: Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries by Gmajor(m): 2:19pm On Oct 14, 2020
Hintona:
Why?? someone tell me why?

Why are those goddamn Europeans doing this to us?
It's high time Africans establish strong relationships with the Asians.
The westerners can't continue using us as butt wipe cry


SMH.
Did you even read the post?
Re: Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries by osamz007: 3:42pm On Oct 14, 2020
OUR LAWMAKERS SALARIES SHOULD BE REDUCED THOSE FOOLS SIT ON OUR MONEY DOING NOTHING. IMAGINE COLLECTING HARDSHIP AND NEWSPAPER ALLOWANCES LIKE WHAT THE FÚCK IS THAT.
Re: Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries by JimmyDarmody: 3:46pm On Oct 14, 2020
OJay360:
Nonsense... Europeans did no sh*t, now you are saying relationship with the Asians, when that one cast we will do relationship with the Americans and so on, this is the characteristics of a weak and lazy idiot (Nigeria). To succeed, you have to stand up for yourself.
the only way we have stood up for ourselves as a nation is when we have ethnic wars. We are a failed country. By definition we are not failed yet but you know what I mean.
Re: Greedy Nigerian Professors And Their Fat Salaries by Inioluwa002: 3:51pm On Oct 14, 2020
hmmmmm

(1) (2) (Reply)

Photo:what Does It Mean When Calculator Write This? / ....hon. Patrick Obahiagbon Blows'grammar' Again On The ASUU Strike... / I'm about to drop out of school!!!...I'm in serious depression!!!... Help!!!

(Go Up)

Sections: politics (1) business autos (1) jobs (1) career education (1) romance computers phones travel sports fashion health
religion celebs tv-movies music-radio literature webmasters programming techmarket

Links: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

Nairaland - Copyright © 2005 - 2024 Oluwaseun Osewa. All rights reserved. See How To Advertise. 81
Disclaimer: Every Nairaland member is solely responsible for anything that he/she posts or uploads on Nairaland.