₦airaland Forum

Import substitution is a failed policy.
This was tried in Africa btw 1970-1990 - and it became a failure.
IMF introduced SAP to fix that failure.
South Asia went for export-oriented manufacturing mostly
And whenever they did import substitution - they were strict timelines when industry was expected to be competitive.
Mostly you need give local firms or farmers - something like 5yrs - if they cannot be globally competitive - allow imports.
Otherwise, you're punishing 200 million consumers - to save 5 million rice farmers and millers.
Protected infant industries - rarely work in an enviroment where corruption thrives - because those tarrifs/subsdies will remain forever.
Look at Nigeria cement - Dangote & Nigeria is now "globally" competitive so much Dangote has invested all over Africa - but cement tarrifs/restriction - still persist in Nigeria.How does that even make sense?
If Dangote can compete in South Africa or Ethiopia - why cant Nigeria allow almost duty free entry of cement - so Nigerians can get best deal

GeneralDae2:
The problem here is that you don't just become export oriented in one day. The easiest is to begin with the agricultural sector. Adopt the Buhari policy of banning imports of rice and stuff like that which can be produced locally.
Local prices would be high at first due to lesser competition but with time more people would be encouraged to farm and export.
A depreciating cedi to the dollar at the rate it is going is not good for the Ghanaian economy at the moment because it affects everything.

TookDownYourMum:
Having a weak Cedi is not all bad..Its kinda a double edged sword

Cedi depreciation could make the jump for Ghana to be a export oriented nation possible since exporting shit will be comparatively cheaper. Places like Japan and South Korea artificially weaken their own currencies for this reason. Its just that if you were to import anything or travel aboard, it becomes more expensive as a result.

It also raises the price of goods but you wouldn't really have this problem if Ghana actually invested in its agiculture sector. 20.6% of arable land and over 7 million Ghanaian farmers yet NPP imports more than $2 billion worth of food that could be produced locally and banks make it hard for farmers to get access to capital and also screwing small businesses over with high interest payments.

Of course cutting such imports that could be produced locally would strengthen the Cedi too. Really, 1D1F initiative should of allowed boom of factories and creation of jobs via creating wealth and allowing Cedi to depend on itself. Thereby increasing the Cedi value. I don't know whats really happened there though.

The problem here is that Ghana is an import-dependent economy. There is no way you can convince me of any comeback - or tell me that Cedi depreciation Is good for Ghana's economy - especially with her already piled-up debt. The last time the cedi appreciated( going by the record), was in 2008 when your export value: cocoa and gold was at its peak. Since then, the cedi has been sinking to date.

You need more cedis to exchange for dollars; hence, you'll have to dig deep into Taxpayer money / increase the cost of living in order to service debt and finance your imports.. At the end of the day, the situation will still remain constant notwithstanding all the torture inflicted on the native's pocket.

Heck.. Hyperinflation is knocking. Aaah, Nah. Already in existence! This sh*t will definitely reduce your real wage. Consequences? You will need to spend more(CEDIS) to correspond with wage reduction. Alternatively, you choose to print cedi to cushion this quagmire, but this also has a dire consequence. cedis will become more useless / valueless and unsalable.

Mhh... What about gold coming as your knight in shining armour? Heheheee... Story for the gods. That can only happen in decades to come; when the cedi devaluation has been initiated and executed already.

In a nutshell. IMF, devaluation of Cedi( this can help your country boost exports, reduce trade deficite and probably minimize the costs of interest on debt.) or alternatively, a change of universal currency can save Ghana.

rvp2018:
Orange of course dumped it after they incurred 700M (390M to purchase & another cash injection in loan to Telkom - later converted to Equity) plus loss of opportunity.

They dumped it to Helios for a loss of 100M dollars. Helios bought it at 600M.

Now Helios have dumped it at 50m...whoppping loss of 550M dollars.

I dont know what they teach you in Nigeria - basic accounting - when Telkom kenya sells an asset - the shareholders being Kenya Gov and Helios - dont get paid - unless Telkom declared profit that year - and they get paid as dividend.

Kenya gov would have cashed 30% of that 170M from American Towers - but we know it never cashed anything.

The reason Telkom Kenya has been bankrupt for a long time. Now it's been valued at 10B kshs - and it surely will crawl out of its hole - now that it back to business.

In terms of licensing - 24M is annual 4G license - the initial license cost Telkom - 50m (the amount the idiots Helios paid)

https://www.itnewsafrica.com/2007/08/kenya-government-set-to-license-fourth-mobile-operator/
But Telkom Kenya will be required to pay a licence fee of $55 million (Sh3.9 billion) —similar to the amount paid by Safaricom and Celtel. Econet is being asked to pay $27 million .

This guy is just disturbing. I even thought helios is a Nigerian company.


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iELIby_7e_8

TookDownYourMum:
Having a weak Cedi is not all bad..Its kinda a double edged sword

Cedi depreciation could make the jump for Ghana to be a export oriented nation possible since exporting shit will be comparatively cheaper. Places like Japan and South Korea artificially weaken their own currencies for this reason. Its just that if you were to import anything or travel aboard, it becomes more expensive as a result.

It also raises the price of goods but you wouldn't really have this problem if Ghana actually invested in its agiculture sector. 20.6% of arable land and over 7 million Ghanaian farmers yet NPP imports more than $2 billion worth of food that could be produced locally and banks make it hard for farmers to get access to capital and also screwing small businesses over with high interest payments.

Of course cutting such imports that could be produced locally would strengthen the Cedi too. Really, 1D1F initiative should of allowed boom of factories and creation of jobs via creating wealth and allowing Cedi to depend on itself. Thereby increasing the Cedi value. I don't know whats really happened there though.

Before I forget.

Ghana has 55% agricultural land - from 30% arable land, that is a joke. That is more than enough to disenthrall ghana from the current economic crisis. Kenya is 10% arable, yet We're doing close to 55% of agricultural with that.

rvp2018:
Import substitution is a failed policy.
This was tried in Africa btw 1970-1990 - and it became a failure.
IMF introduced SAP to fix that failure.
South Asia went for export-oriented manufacturing mostly
And whenever they did import substitution - they were strict timelines when industry was expected to be competitive.
Mostly you need give local firms or farmers - something like 5yrs - if they cannot be globally competitive - allow imports.
Otherwise, you're punishing 200 million consumers - to save 5 million rice farmers and millers.
Protected infant industries - rarely work in an enviroment where corruption thrives - because those tarrifs/subsdies will remain forever.
Look at Nigeria cement - Dangote & Nigeria is now "globally" competitive so much Dangote has invested all over Africa - but cement tarrifs/restriction - still persist in Nigeria.How does that even make sense?
If Dangote can compete in South Africa or Ethiopia - why cant Nigeria allow almost duty free entry of cement - so Nigerians can get best deal

Mostly you need give local firms or farmers - something like 5yrs

Exactly.

Look at Nigeria cement - Dangote & Nigeria is now "globally" competitive so much Dangote has invested all over Africa - but cement tarrifs/restriction - still persist in Nigeria.How does that even make sense?

Well Dangote,BUA, and Lafrage have done well. Other businessmen/women in Nigeria can go into cement manufacturing and join the league of the top manufacturers if they want the prices down. This is better than importing something as vital to Nigeria as cement, when we have all it takes to manufacture them in large quantities and export to more African countries.

At what point do we stop protecting infant industry?
This Nigeria prohibition list is way too much - and has no exit clause.
https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/nigeria-prohibited-and-restricted-imports

GeneralDae2:
Exactly.
Well Dangote,BUA, and Lafrage have done well. Other businessmen/women in Nigeria can go into cement manufacturing and join the league of the top manufacturers if they want the prices down. This is better than importing something as vital to Nigeria as cement, when we have all it takes to manufacture them in large quantities and export to more African countries.

rvp2018:
At what point do we stop protecting infant industry?
This Nigeria prohibition list is way too much - and has no exit clause.
https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/nigeria-prohibited-and-restricted-imports

Wow, this policy makes sense to me. If I were to be the president of a country like Nigeria (200 million people), I would even add more to the list.

And then you wonder why Nigeria is poverty HQ of the world.
Protecting all these inefficient local industries cost your economy a lot.
It creates few rich Dangote's who own such industries - and leave everyone pay expensively for stuff that are "dirty" cheap out there.
It protects them from international competition.
The biggest loser remains Nigeria consumer who is forced to buy all these 100 goods expansively despite them being of poor quality.

GeneralDae2:
Wow, this policy makes sense to me. If I were to be the president of a country like Nigeria (200 million people), I would even add more to the list.

rvp2018:
And then you wonder why Nigeria is poverty HQ of the world.
Protecting all these inefficient local industries cost your economy a lot.
It creates few rich Dangote's who own such industries - and leave everyone pay expensively for stuff that are "dirty" cheap out there.
It protects them from international competition.
The biggest loser remains Nigeria consumer who is forced to buy all these 100 goods expansively despite them being of poor quality.

So you'll rather allow India and China flood your market with their goods all in the name of international competition rather than allow your sme guys stay employed?
Those millions of sme's in Nigeria (45% of all informal sme's in Africa) are the backbone of the Nigerian economy. It is better most of them slowly transition into small scale local manufacturing or buying from local manufacturers for their small businesses (no matter how slow and painful the process may be).
Little India should borrow some economic sense from Buhari. Learn and stop yapping.

rvp2018:
Almost zero drop since 1950 it was 6.5 to now 5.5. Kenya has dropped from high of 8 to now close to 3.

Falling birth rates aren't always a good thing, look at what is happening in Japan, few decades from now they could loose their place as a G7 nation if their labour shortage isn't addressed, even at that, foriegners could start taking up political positions in their country slowly replacing indigenous Japanese

There is nothing one can learn from Nigeria.
We are going the opposite way.
We are allowing duty free entry of goods from East Africa Goods, COMESA and AFCTA.
That basically means Kenya companies have to be competitive at very least regionally.
Let them close shops, find something we can be competitive in, and the consumer is the king.
The results is obvious - Kenya companies having been exposed to very thorough competition at home - have expanded.
They are regionally the kings - of industry - in about 10 countries.
The industries that are protected are very very few - for specific period - because we expect we can and should compete with China or India.
This why Kenya is making huge strides forward despite having no oil or large arable land.
In the meantime Nigeria is world poverty capital, infrastructure is completely broken, gov cannot get taxes, social investment is zero (out of school kids staggering), insecurity & kidnapping the order of the day.
This all because the economy is failing the majority
And working for a few Northern Elite like Dangote.
When it come to SMES - how are they going to be profitable - when access to credit is at 30% per annum at minimum, when cost of doing business is horrendous (they have to run a generator) & when economy is not free (they cannot go to Benin or Ghana or China to sources for cheapest stuff because they cant get dollars at same rate as Dangote or neither are they allowed).

The results of Nigeria messed up economics - despite OIL - POVERTY - and few DANGOTES

GeneralDae2:
So you'll rather allow India and China flood your market with their goods all in the name of international competition rather than allow your sme guys stay employed?
Those millions of sme's in Nigeria (45% of all informal sme's in Africa) are the backbone of the Nigerian economy. It is better most of them slowly transition into small scale local manufacturing or buying from local manufacturers for their small businesses (no matter how slow and painful the process may be).
Little India should borrow some economic sense from Buhari. Learn and stop yapping.

If they relax immigration laws; they should be fine; but they are racist. When fertility rate fall below 2 percent - then you cant replace - and you only option is to allow immigration.

Meantime this list of hopeless countries in Africa still breeding like rats.

Fourpockets:
Falling birth rates aren't always a good thing, look at what is happening in Japan, few decades from now they could loose their place as a G7 nation if their labour shortage isn't addressed, even at that, foriegners could start taking up political positions in their country slowly replacing indigenous Japanese

rvp2018:
There is nothing one can learn from Nigeria.
We are going the opposite way.
We are allowing duty free entry of goods from East Africa Goods, COMESA and AFCTA.
That basically means Kenya companies have to be competitive at very least regionally.
The industries that are protected are very very few - for specific period - because we expect we can and should compete with China or India.
This why Kenya is making huge strides forward despite having no oil or large arable land.
In the meantime Nigeria is world poverty capital, infrastructure is completely broken, gov cannot get taxes, social investment is zero (out of school kids staggering), insecurity & kidnapping the order of the day.
This all because the economy is failing the majority
And working for a few Northern Elite like Dangote.

We are allowing duty free entry of goods from East Africa Goods, COMESA and AFCTA.

Maybe good for Kenya but for a market like Nigeria there have to be some sort of control. Kenyan market is 4 times smaller than that of Nigeria.

That basically means Kenya companies have to be competitive at very least regionally.

Being competitive in East or Central Africa is nothing to brag about. Those are the poorest regions in Africa and Kenya is not even competitive there.

The industries that are protected are very very few - for specific period - because we expect we can and should compete with China or India.

Can you also compete with them via exports to their country? Of course you can't, not in this decade at least. So why should this economic competition be in Kenya or Africa? You would definitely get beaten at home all in the name of competition if you don't protect your industries early enough except these Indians and Chinese are training Kenyan manufacturers (local content law) and establishing industries rather than just exporting to Kenya.

This why Kenya is making huge strides forward despite having no oil or large arable land.

Except that Kenya is not making huge strides. Your biggest export is flower, second is tea. Both together were just a paltry 2.5 Billion dollars export in 2021.

This all because the economy is failing the majority
And working for a few Northern Elite like Dangote.

Hogwash.

rvp2018:
There is nothing one can learn from Nigeria.
We are going the opposite way.
We are allowing duty free entry of goods from East Africa Goods, COMESA and AFCTA.
That basically means Kenya companies have to be competitive at very least regionally.
Let them close shops, find something we can be competitive in, and the consumer is the king.
The results is obvious - Kenya companies having been exposed to very thorough competition at home - have expanded.
They are regionally the kings - of industry - in about 10 countries.
The industries that are protected are very very few - for specific period - because we expect we can and should compete with China or India.
This why Kenya is making huge strides forward despite having no oil or large arable land.
In the meantime Nigeria is world poverty capital, infrastructure is completely broken, gov cannot get taxes, social investment is zero (out of school kids staggering), insecurity & kidnapping the order of the day.
This all because the economy is failing the majority
And working for a few Northern Elite like Dangote.
When it come to SMES - how are they going to be profitable - when access to credit is at 30% per annum at minimum, when cost of doing business is horrendous (they have to run a generator) & when economy is not free (they cannot go to Benin or Ghana or China to sources for cheapest stuff because they cant get dollars at same rate as Dangote or neither are they allowed).

The results of Nigeria messed up economics - despite OIL - POVERTY - and few DANGOTES

You have a point, but at the same time you should also be thinking forward, imagine Kenya becomes enemies with a country like China or the U.S. if they decide to sanction you through restricting trade (like the US is doing to Russia) your economy could collapse because you were not thinking of how to be self sufficient, all you were thinking of is how to live easy.

Look at Russia, the sanctions aren't as effective cos they basically have their own industry in almost every sector. If let's say, Google decides to sanction them, they could easily switch over to yandex, it might not be as powerful of a search engine as Google, but it's something that could save the country from a collapse.

rvp2018:
If they relax immigration laws; they should be fine; but they are racist.

Yes but at the same time immigrant population would start replacing the indigenous Japanese people, decades later you may not recognize current Japan

Fourpockets:
You have a point, but at the same time you should also be thinking forward, imagine Kenya becomes enemies with a country like China or the U.S. if they decide to sanction you through restricting trade (like the US is doing to Russia) your economy could collapse because you were not thinking of how to be self sufficient, all you were thinking of is how to live easy.

Look at Russia, the sanctions aren't as effective cos they basically have their own industry in almost every sector. If let's say, Google decides to sanction them, they could easily switch over to yandex, it might not be as powerful of a search engine as Google, but it's something that could save the country from a collapse.

If China or India goes to war today, virtually almost all countries in Africa would be affected but Kenya as we know it today would completely collapse and with this kind of thinking from rvp2018, this would sadly continue to be the case even until 2035, if this is also the mindset of newly elected Ruto. I hope not.

It's interest of industry owners and employers - versus - the interest of the 210 million nigerians.
Which one come first - Dangote or your own mother in the village buying dirty cheap cements for almost 10 dollars.
Does your mother care whether cement is from Dangote or where she can get more saving of her money?
As long China is not dumping - products to us - it's better for us to import - as we figure out how to compete.
We cannot protect the rights of industry owners at expense of consumers..
Infact industries should be protected for a specific period...so they can grow...and compete with others.

The mental block that Nigeria farmer or company cannot compete with Indian or Chinese need to go.
If it's cement - why can't Dangote not produce it cheaply - it limestone and electricity (which he can generate).

GeneralDae2:
Maybe good for Kenya but for a market like Nigeria there have to be some sort of control. Kenyan market is 4 times smaller than that of Nigeria.


Being competitive in East or Central Africa is nothing to brag about. Those are the poorest regions in Africa and Kenya is not even competitive there.


Can you also compete with them via exports to their country? Of course you can't, not in this decade at least. So why should this economic competition be in Kenya or Africa? You would definitely get beaten at home all in the name of competition if you don't protect your industries early enough except these Indians and Chinese are training Kenyan manufacturers (local content law) and establishing industries rather than just exporting to Kenya.


Except that Kenya is not making huge strides. Your biggest export is flower, second is tea. Both together were just a paltry 2.5 Billion dollars export in 2021.


Hogwash.

Why would that be a problem?

Fourpockets:
Yes but at the same time immigrant population would start replacing the indigenous Japanese people, decades later you may not recognize current Japan

You dont sustain a sector as insurance against some future external risks.
You build resilience into your economy so you can wistand such shocks.
This can only happen through magic of capitalism - brutal competition as much as possible
If we get sanctioned - we can build those industries from the scratch very quickly - because we will have capital, knowhow & it will be profitable.
But we cannot sustain a fake Google just in case Google is banned.
We should be able to spin our own in few months if it become necessary.
The protected ineffienct industries destroy the economy - and make it very susceptible to external shocks
Once you allow market economy to work - local companies will compete - and become regional or even global giants.
And that become insurance against local economy problems.

For example when Kenya economy tanked in 1990s - because we were facing sanctions due to Moi dictatorship - we re-started EAC.
EAC had died in 1977 due to petty difference - and it came back in 1997.
So in 1990s - Uganda and Tanzania economies were booming - growing at 7-10 percent - while Kenya was sick
Kenya companies moved to EAC from 1998 and were able to survive until our economy started to boom again from 2005.

Fourpockets:
You have a point, but at the same time you should also be thinking forward, imagine Kenya becomes enemies with a country like China or the U.S. if they decide to sanction you through restricting trade (like the US is doing to Russia) your economy could collapse because you were not thinking of how to be self sufficient, all you were thinking of is how to live easy.

Look at Russia, the sanctions aren't as effective cos they basically have their own industry in almost every sector. If let's say, Google decides to sanction them, they could easily switch over to yandex, it might not be as powerful of a search engine as Google, but it's something that could save the country from a collapse.

China or India are new import sources of kenya - previously we got everything almost from Britain & Eu. Consumers are always looking for best deal - it could be England today - Hong Kong tomorrow - China - Bangladesh - Veitnam.Soon it will be kenya.

Gov job is not to go for easy way out - ban imports - and force people shoulder inefficient industries.
Gov job is to encourage Chinese and Indian companies to come to kenya - build industries here - and sell their stuff here cheaply.
In meantime local capacity by local kenyans is slowly building up - and eventually they compete.
Few more years - Kenya local indigenous companies - expand regionally - and few more years globally.

Gov job is to fix infrastructure, electricity, water and security so it become cheaper for Indian or Chinese companies to manufacture in Nigeria as step 1. Step 2 is for Dangotes to emerge.

Nigeria simply bans imports. Dangote who was selling salt then become industrialist - but selling products very expensively as he cannot manufacture them efficiently.

The results - 15yrs before this banning - Nigerians (on the street) were probably richer than now. The results of taking short cuts.

GeneralDae2:
If China or India goes to war today, virtually almost all countries in Africa would be affected but Kenya as we know it today would completely collapse and with this kind of thinking from rvp2018, this would sadly continue to be the case even until 2035, if this is also the mindset of newly elected Ruto. I hope not.

rvp2018:
China or India are new import destination of kenya - previously we got everything almost from Britain & Eu. Consumers are always looking for best deal - it could be England today - Hong Kong tomorrow - China - Bangladesh - Veitnam.
Soon it will be kenya.

Gov job is not to go for easy way out - ban imports - and force people shoulder inefficient industries.
Gov job is to encourage Chinese and Indian companies to come to kenya - build industries here - and sell their stuff here cheaply.
In meantime local capacity by local kenyans is slowly building up - and eventually they compete.
Few more years - Kenya local indigenous companies - expand regionally - and few more years globally.

Gov job is to fix infrastructure, electricity, water and security so it become cheaper for Indian or Chinese companies to manufacture in Nigeria as step 1. Step 2 is for Dangotes to emerge.

Nigeria simply bans imports. Dangote who was selling salt then become industrialist - but selling products very expensively as he cannot manufacture them efficiently.

The results - 15yrs before this banning - Nigerians (on the street) were probably richer than now. The results of taking short cuts.

This economic policy is not the best for Africa. You need some control at first in the developmental stages, later you can become more liberalised. Ghana is a very liberalised economy and this is part of the issues some Ghanaians are discussing now. To adjust some of these very liberal economic policies.

Nigeria simply bans imports. Dangote who was selling salt then become industrialist - but selling products very expensively as he cannot manufacture them efficiently.

The results - 15yrs before this banning - Nigerians (on the street) were probably richer than now. The results of taking short cuts.

you keep mentioning Dangote, as that's all you know.
If we take salt for example, there are several salt refineries in Nigeria. These are the top ten in the link below. It's an insult in my opinion to compare Nigerian manufacturing with that of Kenya, yet Nigeria protects her manufacturing industries. I think Kenya should do same too else you would regret it soon.

https://infoguidenigeria.com/best-salt-refineries-nigeria/

1) Covenant Salt Company Limited is a well-known manufacturing company in Nigeria that produce high quality iodine salt.

Covenant Salt Company Limited is one of the leading suppliers of refined free flowing salt in West Africa. Incorporated in 2001, Covenant Salt operates under the highest local and international standards to provide the best quality salt to its customers. This company can be located at Plot C10 Afam Close, Industrial Estate, Agbara, Ogun State Nigeria.

2. Dangote Salt Plc
This subsidiary of the Dangote group of companies provide Nigerians with high quality iodized salt. They produce a whole list of different types of salt for different uses.

3. Table Salt
This salt is a fine and refined product for home/domestic use. Following the recommendations and specifications of ICCID, this refined salt is Iodized (with iodide) so that the risks of iodine deficiency can be minimal and also to provide good health to its consumers.

It comes in retails packs of 250g, 500g, and 1KG packets
They are located at 1A, Alfred Rewane Road, Falomo, Ikoyi,, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria.

You can reach the company for partnership related purposes through the following lines 01-2695110, 01-2695109, (01) 2695108.

4. Columbia International Limited
Shed E/G And Shed 4, Apapa Port Complex, Apapa, Lagos
A Nigerian manufacturing company that offer salt processing services.

5.Bayswater Industries Limited
are the owners of Mr Chef Salt in Nigeria. This salt is of great quality and is very popular among many households in Nigeria. The company is located in conducive area in Sango Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Their full address is Plot 34, km. 38, Main Road, Lagos-Abeokuta Expressway, Sango Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.

6. National Salt Company Nigeria Limited
This company is another division of Dangote Group of Companies that specializes in the production, processing, packaging and distribution of iodized salt.

They are located at 15B, Ikosi Road, Oregun Ikeja, Lagos Nigeria.

7. Royal Salt Limited
Royal Salt Limited are into the production of salts in Nigeria. They are a major producers of salt and they distribute to both homes and industries.

The company is situated at Shed No.1, NPA Quays, Port Harcourt, Rivers State Nigeria.

8. Union Dicon Salt Limited
Union Dicon Salt Limited is into the production of various sizes of iodized salts. Their company is based in Lagos State, Nigeria.

Their full address is Kirikiri Lighter Terminal Phase 2, Kirikiri, Lagos Nigeria

9. NASCON Allied Industries Plc
Is a company under the Dangote group of companies.

10. Premium Salt
Premium Salt Nigeria is a product from the stable of Kenni700 Limited.
They are located in Lagos Nigeria; with their regional office in Benin City, Edo state.

Ghana is better country than Nigeria - because of it's liberal economy.
The problem is macro-economic - their gov just misbehave and have never heard of prudent economic management.
I guess it problem with democracy - where gov overpromises and has to deliver by borrowing aggressively.
I doubt you produce salt; from my reading; Ghana and Senegal; I think you import salt from all over - mostly South Africa & Namibia.
Salt producers in Africa are mainly South Africa, Kenya, Namibia, Ghana and Senegal

GeneralDae2:
This economic policy is not the best for Africa. You need some control at first in the developmental stages, later you can become more liberalised. Ghana is a very liberalised economy and this is part of the issues some Ghanaians are discussing now. To adjust some of these very liberal economic policies.


you keep mentioning Dangote, as that's all you know.
If we take salt for example, there are several salt refineries in Nigeria. These are the top ten in the link below. It's an insult in my opinion to compare Nigerian manufacturing with that of Kenya, yet Nigeria protects her manufacturing industries. I think Kenya should do same too else you would regret it soon.

https://infoguidenigeria.com/best-salt-refineries-nigeria/

1) Covenant Salt Company Limited is a well-known manufacturing company in Nigeria that produce high quality iodine salt.

Covenant Salt Company Limited is one of the leading suppliers of refined free flowing salt in West Africa. Incorporated in 2001, Covenant Salt operates under the highest local and international standards to provide the best quality salt to its customers. This company can be located at Plot C10 Afam Close, Industrial Estate, Agbara, Ogun State Nigeria.

2. Dangote Salt Plc
This subsidiary of the Dangote group of companies provide Nigerians with high quality iodized salt. They produce a whole list of different types of salt for different uses.

3. Table Salt
This salt is a fine and refined product for home/domestic use. Following the recommendations and specifications of ICCID, this refined salt is Iodized (with iodide) so that the risks of iodine deficiency can be minimal and also to provide good health to its consumers.

It comes in retails packs of 250g, 500g, and 1KG packets
They are located at 1A, Alfred Rewane Road, Falomo, Ikoyi,, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria.

You can reach the company for partnership related purposes through the following lines 01-2695110, 01-2695109, (01) 2695108.

4. Columbia International Limited
Shed E/G And Shed 4, Apapa Port Complex, Apapa, Lagos
A Nigerian manufacturing company that offer salt processing services.

5.Bayswater Industries Limited
are the owners of Mr Chef Salt in Nigeria. This salt is of great quality and is very popular among many households in Nigeria. The company is located in conducive area in Sango Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Their full address is Plot 34, km. 38, Main Road, Lagos-Abeokuta Expressway, Sango Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.

6. National Salt Company Nigeria Limited
This company is another division of Dangote Group of Companies that specializes in the production, processing, packaging and distribution of iodized salt.

They are located at 15B, Ikosi Road, Oregun Ikeja, Lagos Nigeria.

7. Royal Salt Limited
Royal Salt Limited are into the production of salts in Nigeria. They are a major producers of salt and they distribute to both homes and industries.

The company is situated at Shed No.1, NPA Quays, Port Harcourt, Rivers State Nigeria.

8. Union Dicon Salt Limited
Union Dicon Salt Limited is into the production of various sizes of iodized salts. Their company is based in Lagos State, Nigeria.

Their full address is Kirikiri Lighter Terminal Phase 2, Kirikiri, Lagos Nigeria

9. NASCON Allied Industries Plc
Is a company under the Dangote group of companies.

10. Premium Salt
Premium Salt Nigeria is a product from the stable of Kenni700 Limited.
They are located in Lagos Nigeria; with their regional office in Benin City, Edo state.

rvp2018:
Ghana is better country than Nigeria - because of it's liberal economy.
The problem is macro-economic - their gov just misbehave and have never heard of prudent economic management.
I guess it problem with democracy - where gov overpromises and has to deliver by borrowing aggressively.
I doubt you produce salt; from my reading; Ghana and Senegal; I think you import salt from all over - mostly South Africa & Namibia.
Salt producers in Africa are mainly South Africa, Kenya, Namibia, Ghana and Senegal

I doubt you produce salt; from my reading; Ghana and Senegal; I think you import salt from all over - mostly South Africa & Namibia.
Salt producers in Africa are mainly South Africa, Kenya, Namibia, Ghana and Senegal

Again you ignorantly make the mistake of thinking importation means non production. Nigeria produces salt just like Kenya and even more but they are only specific type of salts which do not meet the demand of all Nigerians. The companies I listed above are actually some of the salt manufacturers.
Also Kenya is not a top salt producer in Africa. So that's a big lie there. You just found a way to include Kenya.

I have transported salt to Uganda so this sector I know. Kenya is major produce of salt supplying east africa hinterland. This sea salt.

I think kenya does close to 850K - nearly a million metric tonnes

As for Nigeria as always - There are fewer than five salt makers in Nigeria as the existing ones are squeezed by high production costs, foreign exchange scarcity and energy crisis.

There is no short cut to development.

GeneralDae2:
Again you ignorantly make the mistake of thinking importation means non production. Nigeria produces salt just like Kenya and even more but they are only specific type of salts which do not meet the demand of all Nigerians. The companies I listed above are actually some of the salt manufacturers.
Also Kenya is not a top salt producer in Africa. So that's a big lie there. You just found a way to include Kenya.

rvp2018:
Why would that be a problem?

How is that not a problem, I really don't understand your ideologies at all.

rvp2018:
Ghana is better country than Nigeria - because of it's liberal economy.
The problem is macro-economic - their gov just misbehave and have never heard of prudent economic management.
I guess it problem with democracy - where gov overpromises and has to deliver by borrowing aggressively.
I doubt you produce salt; from my reading; Ghana and Senegal; I think you import salt from all over - mostly South Africa & Namibia.
Salt producers in Africa are mainly South Africa, Kenya, Namibia, Ghana and Senegal

I promise you, since I can remember, it's always locally made salt I e been using because I don't think we import salt

Why is racial purity of Japanese important? Isnt the US a great country due to immigrants? Wouldnt Japan be greater country if it welcome other cultures and made say Tokyo a melting pot of cultures?

Your ideology is racism. My ideology is humanity.

Fourpockets:
How is that not a problem, I really don't understand your ideologies at all.

Nigeria is major salt importer - Dangote probably repackage it - into small bags. I think it mostly from South Africa and Namibia. Look like mostly Brazil.

This is 2013.

There is almost no salt production in
the entire Central and West African region
except for Ghana and Senegal. These two
countries meet the requirements of most of
the region. Countries like Nigeria prefer to
import their requirement of table salt from
outside the region – principally Namibia and
South Africa but also from Australia, India
and Brazil. South Africa, Namibia (Photo 1)
and Botswana are the main sources of salt
in southern Africa. T

Fourpockets:
I promise you, since I can remember, it's always locally made salt I e been using because I don't think we import salt

rvp2018:
Nigeria is major salt importer - Dangote probably repackage it - into small bags. I think it mostly from South Africa and Namibia. Look like mostly Brazil.

This is 2013.

There is almost no salt production in
the entire Central and West African region
except for Ghana and Senegal. These two
countries meet the requirements of most of
the region. Countries like Nigeria prefer to
import their requirement of table salt from
outside the region – principally Namibia and
South Africa but also from Australia, India
and Brazil. South Africa, Namibia (Photo 1)
and Botswana are the main sources of salt
in southern Africa. T

I can confidently say that Nigeria does not import salt presently

>> Dangote Salt is produced from top quality refined solar crude salt imported mainly from Brazil.
Dangote buys its salt from Salinor in Brazil. That’s where most of the world buys. The only additives to salt are Iodine and anti-caking agents. Iodine is not added to salts abroad. WHO recommended it in Africa to help with goiter

https://www.ign.org/newsletter/idd_may22_nigeria.pdf

Even though Nigeria has large salt deposits in some states including Benue, Cross
River, Ebonyi, Abia, Taraba and Nasarawa states, there is no large-scale mining
of these salt deposits. As such, most salt
manufacturers import salt from Brazil,
Namibia, South Africa, China, Australia,
India and the USA. Nigeria’s imported
salt worth increased from N4.5bn to
N4.8bn (1). Nigeria imports from Brazil
were estimated at US$33.79 million
during 2019 (2

Raw salt is imported by major salt manufacturers from Brazil, Australia, Tunisia,
and Namibia. All salt imported from
Brazil, Tunisia and Namibia is not iodized
and so it is the responsibility of the repackaging companies to fortify imported salt
with iodine before selling to the consumers. Countries of export for salt from
Nigeria include Benin Republic, Niger
Republic, Cameroon, Ghana, and Chad.
All food grade salt produced for domestic
use and export is iodized.
There are three major salt manufacturers producing salt in Nigeria for commercial purposes (Dangote Salt, Royal
Salt, and Mr. Chef Salt) and one that produces salt for food industries (JOF) (Table
1). Dangote and Royal Salt produce table
salt and industrial salt while Mr. Chef only
produces table salt. JOF salt, at the time
of the assessment, did not have salt in the
open market but only produced industrial
salt that was supplied to food companies
for cornflakes, bouillon, and seasoning
production, with Nestle Foods as a major
client.
There are two major channels of
salt distribution in Nigeria. One is direct
from the factory to the large consumers,
such as the food processing industries and
livestock farms. The second channel is
from the factory to major distributors or
wholesalers who also sell to retailers and
who in turn sell to consumers. Interestingly, medium- and small-scale industries as
well as fisheries and livestock farms also

Fourpockets:
I can confidently say that Nigeria does not import salt presently

rvp2018:
>> Dangote Salt is produced from top quality refined solar crude salt imported mainly from Brazil.
Dangote buys its salt from Salinor in Brazil. That’s where most of the world buys. The only additives to salt are Iodine and anti-caking agents. Iodine is not added to salts abroad. WHO recommended it in Africa to help with goiter

https://www.ign.org/newsletter/idd_may22_nigeria.pdf

Even though Nigeria has large salt deposits in some states including Benue, Cross
River, Ebonyi, Abia, Taraba and Nasarawa states, there is no large-scale mining
of these salt deposits. As such, most salt
manufacturers import salt from Brazil,
Namibia, South Africa, China, Australia,
India and the USA. Nigeria’s imported
salt worth increased from N4.5bn to
N4.8bn (1). Nigeria imports from Brazil
were estimated at US$33.79 million
during 2019 (2

Raw salt is imported by major salt manufacturers from Brazil, Australia, Tunisia,
and Namibia. All salt imported from
Brazil, Tunisia and Namibia is not iodized
and so it is the responsibility of the repackaging companies to fortify imported salt
with iodine before selling to the consumers. Countries of export for salt from
Nigeria include Benin Republic, Niger
Republic, Cameroon, Ghana, and Chad.
All food grade salt produced for domestic
use and export is iodized.
There are three major salt manufacturers producing salt in Nigeria for commercial purposes (Dangote Salt, Royal
Salt, and Mr. Chef Salt) and one that produces salt for food industries (JOF) (Table
1). Dangote and Royal Salt produce table
salt and industrial salt while Mr. Chef only
produces table salt. JOF salt, at the time
of the assessment, did not have salt in the
open market but only produced industrial
salt that was supplied to food companies
for cornflakes, bouillon, and seasoning
production, with Nestle Foods as a major
client.
There are two major channels of
salt distribution in Nigeria. One is direct
from the factory to the large consumers,
such as the food processing industries and
livestock farms. The second channel is
from the factory to major distributors or
wholesalers who also sell to retailers and
who in turn sell to consumers. Interestingly, medium- and small-scale industries as
well as fisheries and livestock farms also

does Kenya import salt or not? Not minding d fact that I can't remember when last time I had foreign salt.