₦airaland Forum

Hope the transformer was not changed or a resistor added?

KudozInteriors:
Good morning bosses
So much learning in this space. Thank you all so much.
It’s been a while. I went to supervise a construction work and network was really terrible there. We’ll, I’m a certified civil/structural engineer o in case someone here has work for me🙏🏼😃

I’ve been having an issue with my inverter since I came back. I took one of my studio monitors (speakers) to an electrician to fix the switch as it was problematic. After that, I noticed that each time I switch on the speakers, my inverter fan increases in speed like the sound of an ox fan and once I put off the speakers, the fan relaxes after a few minutes.

Please who has experienced a thing like this before?
What could be the cause of this?

Thank you sooo much🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼

SaintUlot:
How would you have solar installation in your house and you are still spending money to buy cooking gas and paying for fuel to transport yourself? That is an abomination, you are obviously shortchanging yourself, if you ain't optimising the immense benefit of your home solar installation.

Take your solar-powered lifestyle to the next level with this advanced electric bike, perfect for daily commutes and delivery businesses! This beast is FAST, keeping up with traffic effortlessly, covering a range of 200km on a single charge with a max speed of 57km/h.


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ejqmK4NvdHM

Check this thread for pictures:
https://www.nairaland.com/8493674/dual-motor-triple-battery-52v#136385243

Solar compatible

durodee:
Hope the transformer was not changed or a resistor added?

This exactly was my thought when I said Hope the electrician didn't do more than repairing the switch.

Another could be faulty IC, or misbehaving capacitor or diode or whatever BUT na electrician go fit look into am to conclude. Na only guess we fit do from here

I am looking to perform a little experiment where I get to use a standard Inverter like it's a Hybrid inverter.
I mean with regards the fact there are inverters that could function without a battery.

Issue be say I no get inverter wey I fit use do that kind experiment. If e get any body wey get inverter wey we fit use do that kind experiment, abeg make e try contribute abeg.

I want something wey be say if e spoil along the way, I go fix am continue. I no fit comfortably do that kind thing with expensive ones.

SaintUlot:
Solar compatible

where dem go mount the Solar panel abeg abi dem go carry the Solar panel for head ?

bassdow:
12v is like Core i3 while 24v is like Core i5 (difference exists but subtle depending on workload; though most wouldn't notice even in price) and 48v is like Core i7 (depending on what generation, and workload, difference might be subtle or not - and by that I mean if doing 2s2p on 24v vs 1s1p on 48v)

I know you do understand I'm comparing computer processors (Core i*) to battery Voltages

Where you go come out Dual Core and Pentium?

lifepo4 lithium batteries available

Pakistan’s 22 GW Solar Shock: How a Fragile State Went Full Clean Energy

Michael Barnard

Pakistan isn’t the first country you’d expect to crash the global solar party. But by the end of 2024, it quietly rocketed into the top tier of solar adopters, importing a jaw-dropping 22 gigawatts worth of solar panels in a single year. That’s not a typo or a spreadsheet rounding error. That’s the kind of number that turns heads at IEA meetings and makes policy analysts double-check their databases. It certainly made me sit up and take notice when I first heard about what was happening in mid-2024.

It’s more solar than Canada has installed in total. It’s more than the UK added in the past five years. And yet it didn’t make a blip in most Western media. While the U.S. continued its decade-long existential crisis about grid interconnection queues and Europe squabbled over permitting reforms, Pakistan skipped the drama and just bought the panels.


To understand how improbable this cleantech surge really is, you have to go back to the beginning. Pakistan was born in blood and migration—wrenched from British India in 1947 in a Partition that triggered one of the largest and most violent population exchanges in history. Millions of Muslims, Hindus, and Sikhs fled across hastily drawn borders, and up to two million people didn’t survive the chaos. The new nation was split in two—West Pakistan and East Pakistan—separated by a thousand miles of Indian territory and political dysfunction. That arrangement collapsed in 1971 when East Pakistan broke away to become Bangladesh after a brutal civil war and military crackdown that left deep scars.

Then came the Cold War. When the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979, Pakistan became the launchpad for American-backed Mujahideen fighters. Guns, dollars, and militants flowed through the border for a decade, and when the Americans packed up in the early ’90s, the extremists didn’t. The U.S. came back in 2001 with another invasion, and again, Pakistan was drawn into the fire as a frontline state. For over 30 years, it was a nation perpetually reacting to someone else’s war, absorbing millions of refugees, and fending off blowback from its own intelligence games. That any sort of coordinated energy transition could emerge from that geopolitical wreckage is not just surprising—it’s remarkable.

Pakistan’s absolute greenhouse gas emissions remain modest on the global scale—roughly 490 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalent as of the late 2010s—putting it well outside the top ten global emitters. But that figure masks a more nuanced story. On a per capita basis, Pakistan’s emissions hover around 2 tonnes per person, dramatically lower than the global average of over 6 tonnes and far below the 15–20 tonnes per person typical of the U.S., Canada, or Australia. It’s a similar story when you look at historical emissions: Pakistan has contributed less than 1% of cumulative global CO₂ since the Industrial Revolution.

But when measured against economic output, the picture shifts. Pakistan’s carbon intensity per unit of GDP is significantly higher than that of most developed countries—meaning it emits more carbon for each dollar of economic activity. This reflects its fossil-heavy energy mix, inefficient industrial base, and reliance on aging infrastructure. In effect, Pakistan is both under-emitting in human terms and over-emitting in economic ones—a country still trying to lift millions out of poverty without locking itself into a carbon-intensive development model. The clean tech boom now underway is a rare opportunity to shift both metrics in the right direction.

How does a country once considered a textbook fragile state leapfrog into solar hyperscale? You can’t make sense of it without going back two decades. In the early 2000s, Pakistan was better known for insurgencies and instability than infrastructure upgrades. Terror attacks were frequent, electricity shortages were the norm, and governance was, to put it kindly, patchy. Political cycles flipped with the military’s mood, floods battered the countryside, and inflation hollowed out public services. Not exactly the backdrop for a clean tech success story.

But something changed. Slowly, unevenly, Pakistan started building institutional muscle. The terrorism that plagued the country for over a decade was brought under control through a combination of military operations and negotiated truces. Civilian governments, for all their dysfunction, managed peaceful handovers of power. The technocratic class—policy analysts, engineers, civil servants—began steering the country toward energy pragmatism. It wasn’t a revolution. It was governance on hard mode, with better outcomes.

It wasn’t just Pakistan. As Kishore Mahbubani points out in Has the West Lost It?, this is part of a broader Asian playbook—one that prioritizes order, competence, and steady economic gains over ideological grandstanding. Across Asia, countries battered by conflict and colonial hangovers have been converging on a kind of strategic calm, building quietly and governing smarter. Pakistan may have taken longer to join the club, but its trajectory—fighting its way out of chaos and into functionality—is just another chapter in the region’s larger story of post-crisis, post-colonial increase in resilience.

That’s what set the stage for the current explosion in solar power. For years, Pakistan’s grid was a source of national frustration—rolling blackouts, wild tariff swings, and a chronic overreliance on imported fossil fuels. The tipping point came when utility-scale and industrial solar started making simple economic sense. With Chinese panel prices crashing through the floor and diesel generator costs spiraling out of control, even small business owners started doing the math. The answer was always the same: buy solar. Add batteries if you can afford them. Cut the grid loose.

In 2024, that decision calculus went mainstream. Import records show 22 gigawatts worth of modules flooding into the country, with many going to private-sector installations behind the meter. Warehouses, textile mills, farms—anything with a flat roof and a balance sheet. The government barely needed to nudge the market. It just removed tariffs, approved net metering, and got out of the way. Good governance.

This isn’t just a solar story, though. Wind has been building quietly in the south for years, especially in the Gharo-Jhimpir corridor. Hydropower continues to play a big role, and bagasse from the sugar industry chips in some renewable electrons too. Battery storage is the next act, mostly in the form of hybrid inverters and lithium-ion packs tucked into homes and businesses. They aren’t grid-scale yet, but they’re everywhere you’d want resilience—factories avoiding outages, households tired of flickering bulbs. The pieces are in place for a distributed energy system that doesn’t wait for the grid to catch up. Which is good, because Pakistan’s grid is not remotely ready for this volume of variable generation. Utilities are already reeling from the revenue shock as high-value customers opt out of dependence. No one likes selling electrons when your best clients are making their own. That looming utility death spiral? It’s not theoretical in Lahore or Karachi.

No clean energy narrative in 2024 is complete without a few billion dollars earmarked for electrolyzers and green ammonia export fantasies. Pakistan has joined the chorus, announcing plans for a 400 MW green hydrogen project tied to solar and wind inputs. On paper, it all looks impressive: local renewables, domestic production, value-added exports. In practice, this has all the telltale signs of falling into the hydrogen-as-energy trap. Hydrogen is a lousy carrier of energy for most end uses, with terrible round-trip efficiency and a host of infrastructure headaches. But it can make sense in industrial processes, especially for fertilizer production—something Pakistan actually needs. If policymakers keep the focus on decarbonizing ammonia and refining, rather than dreaming of hydrogen cars and home boilers, they might just avoid the detour that’s tripped up wealthier nations.

Pakistan’s electric vehicle transition is picking up momentum too, driven by a mix of foreign investment and homegrown innovation. Chinese companies have taken the lead in setting up large-scale operations, with firms like BYD announcing plans to open a production facility in Karachi and the ADM Group committing $350 million to build EV manufacturing capacity and install thousands of charging stations nationwide. These moves dovetail with Pakistan’s goal to convert 30% of all vehicles to electric by 2030.

But the real action is happening closer to the ground, where indigenous startups are rolling out electric two- and three-wheelers at a pace that could reshape urban mobility. Companies like Jolta Electric and Vlektra are assembling locally made e-motorcycles that target the country’s massive base of two-wheeler users—millions of whom rely on scooters and bikes for daily transport. With soaring petrol prices and worsening air quality in cities like Lahore and Karachi, these electric alternatives are fast becoming the obvious choice. The economics are simple: lower fuel costs, less maintenance, and in many cases, the ability to charge with rooftop solar. While car-scale EV adoption remains limited, the grassroots uptake of electric bikes and rickshaws—many of them assembled in Pakistan—is proving that the EV revolution here will likely be led from the bottom up.

All of this hardware only matters if it’s backed by credible climate policy. For a long time, Pakistan was a spectator in the global climate arena—vulnerable, poor, and preoccupied with security. But its stance shifted after joining the Paris Agreement. The initial emissions target, a 20 percent reduction from business-as-usual by 2030, was cautious and heavily conditional. Then came the 2021 update, and suddenly Pakistan was talking big: a 50 percent reduction from its projected 2030 emissions, with 15 percent of that unconditionally promised. That’s not a trivial shift. It meant serious buy-in from ministries, financing plans, and coordination across sectors.

Pakistan’s energy transformation didn’t happen in a vacuum—it’s part of a broader pivot toward climate consciousness that has taken root in both policy and politics. One of the most visible symbols of this shift is the Ten Billion Tree Tsunami, an audacious reforestation campaign launched to combat deforestation, restore degraded land, and absorb carbon emissions. It builds on the earlier Billion Tree Tsunami in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, which was once met with skepticism but ended up exceeding planting targets and winning international praise.

Now scaled nationwide, the initiative isn’t just about trees—it’s a public signal that the country sees climate as a front-and-center issue, not a side project. In a nation hammered by floods, droughts, and record heat, this kind of program isn’t ornamental—it’s survival strategy. More importantly, it reflects a shift in how state capacity is being applied: not to suppress or control, but to regenerate. For a country that spent decades managing crises at gunpoint or through donor dependency, the sight of civil servants mobilizing for climate resilience marks a profound change. It’s not perfect—no national program this ambitious ever is—but it’s real, it’s scaled, and it’s rooted in the same quiet competence now driving Pakistan’s clean energy boom.

The real beauty of this story is how unglamorous it is. Pakistan isn’t trying to become a Silicon Valley of solar. It’s not chasing unicorn valuations or plastering press releases with blockchain buzzwords. It’s solving energy poverty with sunlight and silicon. It’s trading diesel for distributed storage. It’s moving from grid collapse to gridless competence. It’s trading petrol for electrons. And it’s doing it at a pace that should embarrass countries with ten times the GDP.

That 22 gigawatts isn’t the result of perfect governance or unlimited funds. It’s what happens when global markets make disruptive energy products that fit in containers dirt cheap. Every country should be opening their borders wide to Chinese solar, batteries and EVs. Even Pakistan gets that, so clearly no major western country would be so foolish as to close their borders instead.

Hello house, I just discovered that lithium batteries have a max output power but don't really understand what it means. And I haven't seen anyone talking about it on this thread.

For example, the Cworth 2.56KWH lithium battery has a max output power of 1920W. Does this mean I won't be able to power an appliance that has a surge of 2500W even if I have a 5000W inverter connected to this Cworth 2.56KWH battery?

Charley2020:
Hello house, I just discovered that lithium batteries have a max output power but don't really understand what it means. And I haven't seen anyone talking about it on this thread.

For example, the Cworth 2.56KWH lithium battery has a max output power of 1920W. Does this mean I won't be able to power an appliance that has a surge of 2500W even if I have a 5000W inverter connected to this Cworth 2.56KWH battery?

No, you can't do that.

The highest current the BMS can handle is 150A.

This is a 12.8v nominal battery.

12.8 X 150 = 1920 watts.

You can only draw more than 1920w if this battery allows connection in series. Eg you can draw twice that wattage ie 12.8x2 = 25.6v. Multiply by 150A will give you 3840 watts.

This is the reason most people run bigger loads at higher inverter system voltage ie 48v and above.

In industrial system we have Deye that can run up to 800v battery.and above. At that level even with a 100A BMS that's an incredible amount of power.

mctfopt:
No, you can't do that.

The highest current the BMS can handle is 150A.

This is a 12.8v nominal battery.

12.8 X 150 = 1920 watts.

You can only draw more than 1920w if this battery allows connection in series. Eg you can draw twice that wattage ie 12.8x2 = 25.6v. Multiply by 150A will give you 3840 watts.

This is the reason most people run bigger loads at higher inverter system voltage ie 48v and above.

In industrial system we have Deye that can run up to 800v battery.and above. At that level even with a 100A BMS that's an incredible amount of power.

Thanks for the clear explanation. This should be talked about more as I previously had no idea that batteries have output limits. I thought only the inverter determined the limit. Thanks again.

bassdow:
I am looking to perform a little experiment where I get to use a standard Inverter like it's a Hybrid inverter.
I mean with regards the fact there are inverters that could function without a battery.

Issue be say I no get inverter wey I fit use do that kind experiment. If e get any body wey get inverter wey we fit use do that kind experiment, abeg make e try contribute abeg.

I want something wey be say if e spoil along the way, I go fix am continue. I no fit comfortably do that kind thing with expensive ones.

What do you mean by using standard inverter like hybrid inverter? What is standard?

abuzz33:
Pakistan’s 22 GW Solar Shock: How a Fragile State Went Full Clean Energy

Michael Barnard

[b]Pakistan isn’t the first country you’d expect to crash the global solar party. But by the end of 2024, it quietly rocketed into the top tier of solar adopters, importing a jaw-dropping 22 gigawatts worth of solar panels in a single year. That’s not a typo or a spreadsheet rounding error. That’s the kind of number that turns heads at IEA meetings and makes policy analysts double-check their databases. It certainly made me sit up and take notice when I first heard about what was happening in mid-2024.

No be same country the locals went to a solar harvest field and were breaking hundreds of panels with sticks and rods by both men and women coz someone told them that the installation of panels is interfering and stopping rain from falling down?

After doing such mega projects, they should endeavour to educate the people.

There's a reason solar renewable energy is used in 3rd world countries more than 1st worlds who already have stable energy albeit unclean. It's when your power is epileptic that you've no option than to adopt more affordable and accessible options like renewable energy.

oweniwe:
Where you go come out Dual Core and Pentium?

Acient of days. To most of us, na post mainframe generation dem be

that's how you know the difference between people that study a product's manual document and those who don't....

Charley2020:
Hello house, I just discovered that lithium batteries have a max output power but don't really understand what it means. And I haven't seen anyone talking about it on this thread.

For example, the Cworth 2.56KWH lithium battery has a max output power of 1920W. Does this mean I won't be able to power an appliance that has a surge of 2500W even if I have a 5000W inverter connected to this Cworth 2.56KWH battery?

ask4bk:
What do you mean by using standard inverter like hybrid inverter? What is standard?

Only trying to say I needed non Hybrid inverters.

Though if I get a hybrid inverter, might have to strip it down to bare minimum though not sure how possible BUT major focus is for non Hybrid inverter

swagifted:
that's how you know the difference between people that study a product's manual document and those who don't....

Most times, we don too sabi we easily overlook manual except in rare situations where we hit a cross road

bassdow:
Only trying to say I needed non Hybrid inverters.

Though if I get a hybrid inverter, might have to strip it down to bare minimum though not sure how possible BUT major focus is for non Hybrid inverter

Hybrid simply means it has internal mppt and communicate with grid.
When you say you want a non-hybrid inverter to use like a hybrid inverter as u said in your original post, you wan chook mppt or solar harvestor inside am? Abi you used the term hybrid wrongly again as many people often do here?

ask4bk:
No be same country the locals went to a solar harvest field and were breaking hundreds of panels with sticks and rods by both men and women coz someone told them that the installation of panels is interfering and stopping rain from falling down?

After doing such mega projects, they should endeavour to educate the people.

There's a reason solar renewable energy is used in 3rd world countries more than 1st worlds who already have stable energy albeit unclean. It's when your power is epileptic that you've no option than to adopt more affordable and accessible options like renewable energy.

THEY need education.

Education may be expensive, but I assure you the cost of ignorance is greater

mctfopt:
No, you can't do that.

The highest current the BMS can handle is 150A.

This is a 12.8v nominal battery.

12.8 X 150 = 1920 watts.

You can only draw more than 1920w if this battery allows connection in series. Eg you can draw twice that wattage ie 12.8x2 = 25.6v. Multiply by 150A will give you 3840 watts.

This is the reason most people run bigger loads at higher inverter system voltage ie 48v and above.

In industrial system we have Deye that can run up to 800v battery.and above. At that level even with a 100A BMS that's an incredible amount of power.

What if 2 batteries are connected in parallel. Can you still get double the output i.e 3840watts

ask4bk:
Hybrid simply means it has internal mppt and communicate with grid.
When you say you want a non-hybrid inverter to use like a hybrid inverter as u said in your original post, you wan chook mppt or solar harvestor inside am? Abi you used the term hybrid wrongly again as many people often do here?

Thought I was clear enough.

There's a feature of most Hybrid inverters whereby even without a battery, they could function and even in presence of a battery, they could still directly draw from the Solar panel.

The non Hybrid inverters don't have such feature. In fact they need the battery to even power themselves first before anything else. And while in operation, should the battery go low, they would disconnect even if the Solar has got enough.
So I thought if I do a couple of things, should be able to get such feature onto a non-Hybrid inverter

kristien4:
What if 2 batteries are connected in parallel. Can you still get double the output i.e 3840watts

No, you won't as you cant draw more than 150A from the BMS.

Two batteries in parallel is still 12.8v nominal. So in this case you can't get to draw more than 150A, but your backup hours for load under 150A draw will surely double.

Edit: I made a mistake here. You can double the current drawn. But that will be so much current you gotta need a very large conductor.

mctfopt:
No, you won't as you cant draw more than 150A from the BMS.

Two batteries in parallel is still 12.8v nominal. So in this case you can't get to draw more than 150A, but your backup hours for load under 150A draw will surely double.

Of course if both batteries are connected in parallel, he will be able to technically draw 300A at 12.8V which is 3.8kw power draw but practically it won’t be advisable.

mctfopt:
No, you won't as you cant draw more than 150A from the BMS.

Two batteries in parallel is still 12.8v nominal. So in this case you can't get to draw more than 150A, but your backup hours for load under 150A draw will surely double.

Okay, pls clear my confusion. I have one 100a 51.2v lithium battery max discharge at 100a. Meaning highest i can draw is 5120w. So if i add more 3 batteries to my initial setup, making it 4 batteries in parallel, does the max draw still stay at 5120watts?

kristien4:
Okay, pls clear my confusion. I have one 100a 51.2v lithium battery max discharge at 100a. Meaning highest i can draw is 5120w. So if i add more 3 batteries to my initial setup, making it 4 batteries in parallel, does the max draw still stay at 5120watts?

It'd theoretically double.

What exactly are you powering to want to do this?

My battery maximum draw is 200A. Don't think I've ever drawn more than 70A from it

RickyM:
Of course if both batteries are connected in parallel, he will be able to technically draw 300A at 12.8V which is 3.8kw power draw but practically it won’t be advisable.

My question. Is what size of cable does this user have to be able to do this?

16mm²?

35mm²?

120mm²?

bassdow:
Thought I was clear enough.

There's a feature of most Hybrid inverters whereby even without a battery, they could function and even in presence of a battery, they could still directly draw from the Solar panel.

The non Hybrid inverters don't have such feature. In fact they need the battery to even power themselves first before anything else. And while in operation, should the battery go low, they would disconnect even if the Solar has got enough.
So I thought if I do a couple of things, should be able to get such feature onto a non-Hybrid inverter

Then it means you want to put a solar charge controller into the non-hybrid inverter and make it a hybrid. That's Cool stuff.

The feature for an inverter to run from solar power independent of battery isn't a core hybrid feature. Many hybrid inverters don't have that feature though only a hybrid can have it since it has charge controller for solar panels. It's just an extra feature that hybrids may or may not have like supply to grid, power priority feature, etc... What makes an inverter hybrid is just one thing alone - that it has internal ability to get power from sun. Shikena.

mctfopt:
My question. Is what size of cable does this user have to be able to do this?

16mm²?

35mm²?

120mm²?

The answer is that it can. Once you parallel batteries, the amps drawn are shared among them. If he draws 300a and both have 150a bms, it'll work well safely if the battery manufacturer confirms that cells can discharge at 1C.

As you rightly questioned, he'll have to have wires that can safely carry each 150a (35mm). And if he plans to use combiner busbar, it must be rated 300a, and cable from busbar to inverter must be rated for 300a (95mm) and then inverter must be rated to take in 300a, most of these being unlikely 🙆🏾‍♂️🙆🏾‍♂️🙆🏾‍♂️🙆🏾‍♂️.

But yes it can.

mctfopt:
It'd theoretically double.

What exactly are you powering to want to do this?

My battery maximum draw is 200A. Don't think I've ever drawn more than 70A from it

Though i don't intend to draw up to that. I have 4 batteries in parallel, just want to know what is theoretically possible just incase.