#avoid this
def isodd(num):
   if num%2==1:
       return True
   else: return False

#use this
def isodd(num):
   if num%2==1:
       return True
   return False

#avoid opening file this way
file=open('myfile.txt','r')
file.close()

#you might forgot to close the file which means operation can be done 
#inside the file

#use this
with open('myfile.txt','r') as file:
    #do something

#the indentation cover you up and no need to worry about closing the file

gbolly1151:
I have started another thread,you can follow

Tutorial: Object Oriented Programming Paradigm For Beginners

Predstan:


Link

#install the virtual environment
pip install virtualenv

#create directory for your project
mkdir projectA

#open the directory
cd project A

#create your virtual environment
#env - is the name you wish to give your environment
python3 -m venv projectAenv

#myprojectAenv directory will be created inside projectA dir

#now i have to activate the environment so that i can be working
#from the environment

projectAenv/bin/activate

#something like below will show which indicate the environment myprojectAenv 
#has been activated
(myprojectAenv)

#minimize and start working on projectA
#To install dependency for projectA,come back to command prompt
#ensure that your environment for projectA is activated by looking at
#in our case (myprojectAenv) is our virtual environment for projectA
#so let install numpy package for projectA

(projectAenv) pip install numpy

#To test your installation
Python
>> import numpy
>>
#if no error it means installation is successful in projectA environment

#to deactivate the environment

(projectAenv) deactivate

#if you now import numpy after you deactivate the environment error will show
#because you are in new environment, i.e main environment

#To glance through a moudle and check availability method use this function
#dir(name of module) e.g dir(list)
print(dir(list))

import os
print(dir(os))

#naive approach
players=['messi','Ronaldo','ighalo']
goals={}
for player in players:
    goals[player]=0

print('Goals:',goals)

Output:
Goals : {'messi':0, 'ighalo':0, 'Ronaldo':0}

    
#fast approach

players=['messi','Ronaldo','ighalo']
goals=dict.fromkeys(players,0) #dict.fromkeys(iterable-object,default-value)

print('Goals:'goals)

Output:
Goals : {'messi':0, 'ighalo':0, 'Ronaldo':0}

scores={'messi':3,'Ronaldo':1,'ighalo':2,'Giroud':7,'kane':7}

def Highest_goal_scorer(scores):
    goal=max(scores.values()) #highest goal
    scorer_filter=filter(lambda player:scores[player] == goal,scores) #filter highest 
    scorer=[player for player in scorer_filter ]
    return scorer
print(Highest_goal_scorer(scores))

Output:
['kane','Giroud']

var=print
var('hello world')

Output:
hello world

scarplanet:
Well done chief

num=int(input('your num '))
print('even' if (bin(num)).endswith('0') else 'odd')

gbolly1151:
You can join my Facebook page @

https://m./2604470076495701

string='hello\nword' #note the special character \n

print('str format is')
print(str(string))
print('repr format is')
print(repr(string))

output:

str format is
>>hello
>>word

repr format is
>>'hello\nword'

value=1
Good=True

the way python present this is,

{'value':1,'Good':True}


#Then how can we checked this structure? just use 
print(globals())

output will be

{'__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, 
'__file__': '/storage/sdcard0/qpython/scripts3/.last_tmp.py', 
'value': 1,'Good':True '__package__': None,
 '__cached__': None, '__name__': '__main__', '__doc__': None}
 

 print(globals()['value'])
 output
 1
 

 def increment():
      fund=36
      return True
  

 def increment():
      fund=36
      return locals()
      
 print(increment())
 
 output
 
{'fund': 36}

gbolly1151:

HOW TO USE GLOBALS() AND LOCALS() FUNCTION
In programming we have two types of variable namely:
1. Global variable
2. Local variable

Before we dive into those two varibles,you need to understand
that all your variable name and value in python are stored
in a dict data structure e.g

value=1
Good=True

the way python present this is,

{'value':1,'Good':True}


#Then how can we checked this structure? just use 
print(globals())

output will be

{'__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, 
'__file__': '/storage/sdcard0/qpython/scripts3/.last_tmp.py', 
'value': 1,'Good':True '__package__': None,
 '__cached__': None, '__name__': '__main__', '__doc__': None}
 

you can see that your variables are stored in dict structure
'value':1 and 'Good':True

To get value use

 print(globals()['value'])
 output
 1
 

for now dont mind other variables you saw in the global scope,they are needed for your program to work well

All variable that can be obtained through globals() are called global variable.These are variables that are in
__main__ i.e global enviroment of the program

Now let talk about local variable....

All variable you create after indentation,they are all
local variable example of structure that use indentation are
function,class,with ,if else et.c . Let check this;

 def increment():
      fund=36
      return True
  

variable name 'fund' is written after an indentation,which is
local variable of increment function,this means only increment
has the power to perform operation on fund . To check and
print the local variable just use keyword locals() and
all local variable will be displayed

 def increment():
      fund=36
      return locals()
      
 print(increment())
 
 output
 
{'fund': 36}

Let take a break from here and continue with global and nonlocal keyword later

gbolly1151:
IF YOU ARE CONFUSED ABOUT WHILE LOOP CHECK THIS OUT

n=True
while n==True:
print('hello')

it means you are telling the computer that as long as n value isTrue(n=True) continue printing 'hello' for me

Hope you can take it from there

Predstan:


Finally learnt OOP on LinkedIn learning (lynda)

I got some Covid-19 data for every countries and I will be visualizing some stuffs.

Hotspotbro:
Pls i want to know if there is a Android game package based on python.

gbolly1151:

To build android app with python use kivy

Hotspotbro:
kivy on Pydroid
Can you just give me a sample code?

from kivy.app import App
from kivy.uix.button import Button

class TestApp(App):
    def build(self):
        # display a button with the text : Hello QPython 
        return Button(text='Hello QPython')

TestApp().run()

Antiausen:
Good thread

E.g to check if string "younger" start with 'you' use

word="younger"
if word.startswith('you'):
    #do something
    pass
    
#avoid this
if word[:3] == 'you':
    #do something
    pass