₦airaland Forum

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Around the world, six countries maintain connectivity without having airports for planes to land, relying instead on roads, rail, or sea transport. Despite the rise of global air travel and the growing demand for faster connections, these nations have adapted to local conditions such as geography, terrain, and size.

Travelers typically enter these countries through neighboring nations or coastal points. The absence of airports has not prevented access or mobility, showing that air travel is not essential for national connection. Their continued operation without commercial runways highlights how transport infrastructure can be shaped by practical solutions and alternative modes of travel.

According to Aviation A2Z, here are six countries where planes do not land directly within their borders:

1. Andorra

Nestled in the Pyrenees between Spain and France, Andorra covers 468 square kilometres but does not have an airport. Its mountainous terrain makes building a commercial airport difficult.

The country has three private heliports for medical and private services. Most travelers fly into nearby airports in Spain or France, with Andorra-La Seu d’Urgell Airport (LEU) in Spain just 12 kilometres from the border. From there, visitors continue by road along scenic mountain routes.

2. Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein, a landlocked nation between Switzerland and Austria, spans 160 square kilometres and has no airport. It does have a heliport in the town of Balzers.

Visitors generally arrive via Zürich Airport (ZRH) in Switzerland, then take a train to Buchs or Sargans before crossing the border by bus. Other nearby airports include St. Gallen-Altenrhein (ACH) in Switzerland and Friedrichshafen (FDH) in Germany, though they have fewer flight connections.

3. Monaco

Monaco, located on the French Riviera, has no airport within its 2.02 square kilometres. The country’s limited land makes large infrastructure projects like an airport impossible.

Monaco operates a heliport in the Fontvieille district. Most visitors fly into Nice Côte d’Azur Airport (NCE), about 30 kilometres away, and reach Monaco by helicopter, car, or train along the scenic coastal route.

4. San Marino

San Marino, one of the world’s oldest republics, is entirely surrounded by Italy and covers 61 square kilometres. It has no airport, though a heliport in Borgo Maggiore serves limited use, and a small airstrip at Torraccia accommodates amateur pilots and emergency services, but not commercial flights.

Visitors usually fly into Federico Fellini International Airport (RMI) in Rimini, Italy, about 16 kilometres away, or Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport (BLQ) for more international flight options.

5. Vatican City

Vatican City, the world’s smallest country by area and population, occupies just 0.44 square kilometres within Rome. Its size makes an airport impossible.

A heliport in the western part of the city serves official Vatican travel. Most visitors arrive via Rome’s airports—Ciampino (CIA) or Fiumicino (FCO)—and continue to the Vatican by road. Given its compact size, walking across Vatican City takes under 30 minutes, making internal air travel unnecessary.

6. Kiribati

Kiribati is an island nation in the central Pacific Ocean, comprising 33 atolls and reef islands scattered over 3.5 million square kilometres of ocean. While Bonriki International Airport (TRW) serves the capital, South Tarawa, most outer islands lack airports.

Sea transport is essential for travel between islands, with ferries, cargo ships, and private boats providing connectivity. Due to the vast oceanic spread, air access outside the capital remains extremely limited.

Most Reliable Car brands in 2026 ranked by predicted reliability scores.

Toyota, Subaru, and Lexus top the 2026 rankings, reinforcing Japan’s long-standing reputation for vehicle reliability.

Tesla recorded the biggest improvement, climbing eight spots compared to 2025, thanks to stronger reliability scores for the Model 3 and Model Y.

Who makes the most reliable cars?

This visualization ranks the most reliable car brands in 2026 based on predicted reliability scores by Consumer Reports.

Consumer Reports calculated predicted reliability scores for nearly every new car, truck, and SUV by analyzing data from its annual member reliability surveys. These surveys collect detailed, self-reported information about problems owners have experienced with their vehicles.

For the most recent analysis, CR used responses covering roughly 380,000 vehicles, allowing them to identify patterns in reliability across brands, models, and powertrains. The aggregated results are then used to score and compare vehicles, highlighting trends such as differences between gas, hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and fully electric models.

Japanese Automakers Lead the Rankings
Japanese brands claim six of the top seven spots in 2026. Toyota leads the list with a score of 66, followed closely by Subaru and Lexus. These manufacturers are known for conservative engineering, long model cycles, and a focus on proven technology.


Rank
Brand
Predicted reliability score
Country
1 Toyota 66 🇯🇵 Japan
2 Subaru 63 🇯🇵 Japan
3 Lexus 60 🇯🇵 Japan
4 Honda 59 🇯🇵 Japan
5 BMW 58 🇩🇪 Germany
6 Nissan 57 🇯🇵 Japan
7 Acura 54 🇯🇵 Japan
8 Buick 51 🇺🇸 U.S.
9 Tesla 50 🇺🇸 U.S.
10 Kia 49 🇰🇷 S. Korea
11 Ford 48 🇺🇸 U.S.
12 Hyundai 48 🇰🇷 S. Korea
13 Audi 44 🇩🇪 Germany
14 Mazda 43 🇯🇵 Japan
‹12›

Toyota vehicles are engineered to last well beyond 200,000 miles with proper maintenance, thanks to rigorous quality control at every stage of production and simplified powertrain designs that reduce potential failure points.

In addition to long-term mechanical durability, Toyota’s strong anti-theft reputation places several of its models among vehicles with the lowest theft risk.

Honda and Nissan also perform strongly, reinforcing Japan’s dominance in long-term vehicle dependability.

European Brands Show Mixed Reliability
European automakers cluster in the middle of the rankings. BMW stands out as the top European brand, ranking fifth overall and outperforming several Japanese competitors.

In contrast, Volkswagen, Audi, Mercedes-Benz, and Volvo score in the low-to-mid 40s.

Tesla’s Big Jump Signals EV Maturation
Tesla recorded the largest improvement in the rankings compared to the previous survey, moving up eight spots to ninth place. This gain is driven by strong reliability scores for the Model 3 and Model Y, which now benefit from years of incremental design refinements.

Lower-ranked brands such as Jeep, Ram, and Rivian highlight how newer platforms and performance-focused designs can face early reliability hurdles.

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A "SHINE" of bald men or a dome squad

Nigeria’s push for mass vocational training is gaining momentum, as over 1.3 million young Nigerians have applied for enrollment in the federal government’s new skills development initiative under the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) program.

The move, according to the National Board for Technical Education (NBTE), marks the beginning of a nationwide shift toward empowering youth with hands-on, job-ready skills.


Professor Idris Muhammad Bugaje, Executive Secretary of NBTE, revealed the figures in a recent interview with RFI Hausa Radio, emphasizing the scale and significance of the new government effort.


“So far, about 1.3 million youth have applied, and 960,000 have been screened,” Bugaje said. “Just last week, the Minister of Education launched training for the first batch of 58,000. You might say this is a small number, but it’s only the beginning.”

He explained that once the program picks up momentum, that number will increase, stressing that the TVET program, launched by the Ministry of Education, aims to provide practical, employment-focused training for Nigeria’s rapidly growing youth population.

“Nigeria is the country with the largest youth population in the world,” Bugaje stressed. “If you look at the numbers, about 70% of Nigerians are under the age of 30. No other country has such a demographic.”

Bugaje criticized the traditional focus on academic qualifications that don’t lead to employment, advocating instead for skill-based education that reflects the realities of Nigeria’s labor market.

“The problem with formal (Western) education is that it conditions your mind to believe you must get a government job,” he said. “But the government does not have enough jobs for everyone. Youth must be taught skills that help them rely on themselves.”

He further argued that vocational learning is not limited to classrooms or formal institutions, but can be found in local workshops, artisan hubs, and informal learning centers like Panteka in Kaduna.

“There are community-based schools everywhere, such as those in Panteka and roadside automobile workshops,” Bugaje explained. “These are also centers for vocational learning. This is a crucial pillar for economic development and needs to be supported.”

He also said in addition to the Ministry of Education’s efforts, other ministries are also rolling out targeted initiatives.

Bugaje said the Ministry of Communications has launched the MTT program to train three million youth in digital skills, including content creation and AI, adding that Meanwhile, the Ministry of Works has also introduced NASAP, aiming to train one million youth in construction-related trades like masonry, tiling, carpentry, and POP (plaster of Paris).

“Right now in Nigeria, artisans from Benin and Togo are the ones doing our POP work, even in Abuja which is shameful,” Bugaje said, adding, “Meanwhile, our youth are idle, roaming neighborhoods with no jobs.”

While funding and certification logistics are being handled by NELFund, Bugaje emphasized NBTE’s commitment to visiting centers, evaluating training, and ensuring the credibility of the certifications.

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