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can anybody help me understand this exercise
The major network IP number is 12.0.0.0/23:
1. How many host bits are there before subnetting? _____
2. How many host bits are there after subnetting? _____
3. How many host bits were borrowed to subnet? _____
4. How many usable hosts per subnet are there? _____
5. How many usable subnets are there? _____
6. What is the subnet mask written in dotted decimal? _______._____._____._____
7. What is the subnet mask written in hex-decimal?
8. What is the subnet IP number of subnet 731? _____._____._____._____
9. What is the broadcast IP number of subnet 731? _____._____._____._____
10. What are the usable host IP numbers of subnet 731?
_____._____._____._____  through  _____._____._____._____
Don’t forget to define starting subnet indices (you may assume Subnet [0]

The major network IP number is 188.49.0.0/25:
11. How many host bits are there before subnetting? _____
12. How many host bits are there after subnetting? _____
13. How many host bits were borrowed to subnet? _____
14. How many usable hosts per subnet are there? _____
15. How many usable subnets are there? _____
16. What is the subnet mask written in dotted decimal? _______._____._____._____
17. What is the subnet mask written in hex-decimal?
18. What is the subnet IP number of subnet 241? _____._____._____._____
19. What is the broadcast IP number of subnet 241? _____._____._____._____
20. What are the usable host IP numbers of subnet 241?
_____._____._____._____  through  _____._____.______.______