No matter how careful you are when using your phone, it can still happen. Yes, we’re talking about that horrible moment when you drop your phone and you end up with a shattered screen. If you’re lucky enough, the touchscreen still works, as just the glass covering it is broken, but there are users who can’t use the phone at all.

Presuming that you know your way through the phone’s menu, these are the paths you need to follow, depending on your Android version, in order to enable USB debugging with a broken screen:

Android 2.0 to 2.3.x: Settings > Applications > Development > USB Debugging

Android 3.0 to 4.1.x: Settings > Developer Options > USB Debugging

Android 4.2.x and higher: Starting with this version, the USB Debugging menu is hidden, so you need to enable it first. Follow these steps: Settings > About phone/tablet > Build Number. When you reach the Build Number, click on it seven times, in order to enable the Developer Options sub-menu. Go back to the Settings menu and you should find Developer Options, just above About Phone. Enter Developer Options and check the USB Debugging option

Android 5.0: Same procedure as for the previous version

Android 6.0 and higher: Same procedure as for the previous version

Note: Always disable USB debugging after using it, as enabling it grants high-level access to the phone. In this case, if you’re not planning to use the phone with the broken screen again or sell it, you can leave it enabled though, since it doesn’t matter that much.

https://www.unlockunit.com/blog/enable-usb-debugging-broken-screen/