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Knowing how DNS works, and the various technical names and processes involved not only provides a good overview of how the Internet works, but can also save you time and confusion when making changes to records for a websites.

The IPv4 and IPv6 addresses give ways of uniquely identifying any host on the Internet. However, the addresses are not very convenient for people to work with. To overcome this problem a naming convention involving mnemonics is used to identify hosts. For name purpose the Internet is divided into domains, where each domain can be divided into smaller subdomains which can also be further subdivided.

The domain name are read from bottom up, so the fully qualified name of the host called 'phoenix' in the subdomain 'open', which is the subdomain 'ac', which is itself in the top-level domain 'uk' is phoenix.open.ac.uk.

Terminology
In order to understand how DNS works, you will need some DNS terminology under your belt.

1. Resolver
The names used by people are converted to IP addresses by a software program running on a local computer. Such a program is typically called a resolver.

2. Name Server (NS)
In each domain a number of computers are assigned to act as name server. Their role is to provide information about the hosts within their own domain or the addresses of other name servers that are assigned to lower-level domains. If they cannot reslove an enquiry they pass it to a name server that has information about higher-level domain.

3. DNS
Because of the number of hosts connected to the Internet, it is impracticable for all the host names and addresses to be stored in a single database. Instead, a set of distributed databases is used. These distributed databases are called the domain name system (DNS) for the Internet.

Benefits of DNS for Mid-Size to Large Businesses

1. A local DNS is vital for enterprise level and larger companies.

2. A DNS server keeps IP addresses inside a company network private.

3. It is an essential tool for managing each IP device on a corporate network.

For more information on how to setup a DNS server for mid-size to large companies.
Call: 08148924819 WhatsApp: 07064339574 , or email: gr8abiola@gmail.com

Web component integration or making an Application Programming Interface (API) call was a complex job that required the skills of a professional web programmer. Even simple problems required a complex solution. Our API integration service now provides a simple solution for simple problems.

Listed Below Are Web Components You Can Add To Your Mobile Apps, Web Apps and Websites:

1. Online Travel Service API: Expedia, TripAdvisor, Booking, etc.

2. Social Media API: Facebook, WhatsApp, YouTube, LinkedIn, Twitter, etc

3. Payment Gateway API: PayPal, Payoneer, REMITA, Paystack, Authorize, etc
Shipping API: FedEx, United Parcel Service (UPS), etc.

4. MSNBC API: Weather Forcast, Stock Quotes, etc

5. Geolocation API: Google Map, Ipstack, etc

6. Urban Transportation API: Uber, Lyft, Sidecar, Opay, etc.

For Your Information (FYI):

1. Some other sites have integrated YOUTUBE as you can watch videos without leaving the site.

2. Spotify and many other integrate Facebook so you can log into their application with your Facebook account.

3. WhatsApp integrated Google Maps so you can share your location in a message.

To integrate Web Components to your mobile apps, web apps and websites. Call or Whatsapp me on this number +234(0) 7064339575.

1. Domain Name Registration.
2. Website Maintenance.
3. Search Engine Optimization (SEO).
4. Copywriting Services.
5. Social Media Services.
6. Blogs, Photo Gallery, etc.
7. Payment Gateway Integration.

Call or WhatsApp 0706-433-9575 to get professional web services.

1. A static Web pages is one that doesn't change unless you change its HTML code, one of its pictures, or some other aspect of its content.
These were the earliest kind of pages used on the Web. The designer coded them, the visitors looked at them, and that was that. The WYSIWYG editor in Design view
is an excellent tool for creating static pages.

2. A dynamic Web page is one that modifies itself. A dynamic Web page might, for example, change its own appearance based on the date, on the capabilities of the Web
visitor's browser, or on actions taken by the visitor. Creating such pages generally requires writing scripts that modify the page while it's loading or after it's
already on display.

3. A data-driven Web page is essentially a template for displaying information from another source. That source could be a simple text file, an XML file, or almost
anything else, but the most common source is a database. Based on form values from the Web visitor, lookup values in hyperlinks, the date, the time, or some other factor,
a program retrieves the correct data values, merges them into the data-driven Web page, and sends the resulting HTML to the visitor's browser for display and further action.

Some specific uses for XML include the following:
 Use it to store data outside your HTML.
 Use it to store data inside HTML pages as “Data Islands”
 Use it to share and exchange data between incompatible systems.
 Use it as a data storage mechanism completely outside the HTML layer.
 Use it to make data available to run-time languages such as JavaScript or an object-oriented language such as Java, C#, or Basic/Visual Basic.
 Use it to make your data human-readable.
 Use it to invent new language or plug data into an existing language (a process called transformation).

There are four general categories of multimedia objects:

 Video clips – are supported by such applications as RealOne Player, the Windows Media Player, or Apple’s QuickTime.
 Animations – can be generated by bit-map-based (paint) applications, such as Fireworks and Photoshop. These kinds of programs create GIF files consisting of several frames to produce an animation.
 Sounds – can come in many formats, but again you want to use them judiciously, because you can turn off your Web site visitors with them and even get them into trouble if they are visiting your Web page from the work place.
 Slide shows – are surprising useful for Web sites and can be created quite easily using PowerPoint or a free slide creation tool such as the presentation creation tool in OpenOffice.org’s office suite.

You can use animation in your Web site to call attention to something important. If your site sells designer mouse pads, for example, you could create an animated image of a designer mouse pad with a 3-d rotating effect and use it to promote a sale. Video is another form of animation.

FYI:
For more information on how to include multimedia in your Web pages, contact me through my Nairaland signature

The most important tag in web pages is the <a> tag pair, which makes the enclosed text into link to another file. The links between web pages are what makes the Web into, well, a web. The browser displays a link in a special way (for example, underlined text in blue color).

Here is the code for a typical link:

<a href =”http://java.sun.com”> Java </a> is an object-oriented programming language.

When the viewer of the web page clicks on the word Java the browser loads the web page located at java.sun.com. (The value of the href attribute is a Universal Resource Locator (URL), which tells the browser where to go. The prefix http:, for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, tell the browser to fetch the file as a web page.
Other protocols allow different actions, such as ftp: to download a file, mailto: to send e-mail to a user, and file: to view a local HTML file.

Note: Drop your e-mail address to get 45 Most Important HTML Tags and Attributes.

The basic structure for all HTML documents is the same and should include the following minimum elements and tags:

 <DOCTYPE> -- The declared type of the document.
 <html> -- The main container for HTML pages.
 <head> -- The container for page header information
 <title> -- The title of the page.
 <body> -- The main body of the page.

These elements fit together in the following template format:

<! DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN”
http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd>
<html>
<head>
<meta … meta tags go here …>
<title> title of the page/document goes here </title>
<LINK rel =”stylesheet” href=”external style sheet name” type=”text/css”>
<style>
... any document specifies styles go here …
</style>
<script>
…. client-side scripts go here ….
</script>
</head>
<body>
…. body of document goes here, paragraphs modified by block elements, characters, words, and statement modified by in line elements …
</body>
</html>

HTML consists of tags and ordinary text. Tags begin and end with angle brackets (< >, and they contain instruction that control the appearance and operation of the page. Everything outside the angle brackets is ordinary text.

The first word inside the angle brackets specifies the type of tag: <p> is a paragraph tag, <img> is an image tag, and <table> is the tag that defines a table. Some tags, like <hr> (horizontal rule) and <br> (line break), stand alone. Many other tags occur in pair: one like <b> (bold) to start an effect, and another like </b> (cancel bold) to end it. The end tag always has the same identifier as the start tag, preceded by a slash (/). End tags have no attributes.

Text in HTML tag isn’t case sensitive. The tags <p align=center> and < P ALIGN=CENTER> are perfectly equivalent,
The following six lines of HTML appear in nearly all Web pages:
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

• <html> and </html> mark the beginning and end of a Web page.
• <head> and </head> mark the beginning and end of the head section, a block of code guaranteed never to appear to Web visitors.

The head section typically contains entries such as:

 The page’s title (enclosed by <title> and </title> tags)
 Style sheets (enclosed by <style> and </style> tags)
 Scripts (enclosed by <script> and </script> tags)
 <meta> tags, which generally describe the page and provide keywords for Internet search engines.

• <body> and </body>, which mark the Web page’s displayable area.

A complete course in HTML, complete with listings, descriptions, and examples of every defined tag, is clearly beyond the scope of this article. Fortunately, hundreds of the other references are available to fill the vacuum. Visit your local bookstore and browse a number of them, searching for one or two that start at your level of expertise. There are also many HTML sites online. You can find them using your favorite search engine.
It’s never a bad idea for any Web developer to have at least a working knowledge of HTML – how it works, and what its limitations are. But many web programmers and professional web designers prefer to work directly with the tags at least some of the time, because it give them more control over their pages.

As a professional web developer, some fundamental questions need to be asked before embarking on any Web project. The most obvious questions we ask our new clients when developing a Web site are:

• What is it for?
• What are the objectives you want the website to achieve? For example, do you want to use your site to sell products, or to drive the PR process?
• Who is your audience?

Answering these questions should be a minimal first step before we begin to plan the rest of your website.
Send your answers to this e-mail address: gr8abiola@gmail.com

Sharing is Caring!!!

Developing a modern Web site requires using more different kinds of code than almost any other endeavor:

• HTML code for page layout.
• CSS code for typography and positioning.
• JavaScript code for interaction at the browser.
• Program code: various programming languages for processing sub-missions and customizing output at the Web server.

Regardless of whether you are an expert, an old-timer, a beginner, a show-off, or a wannabe – you are going to encounter some requirement that’s easier to do in raw HTML code than in visual design mode.

What about e-commerce website?

Here are more focused (and more useful) reasons for starting a Web site:

• Promoting a desired public image.
• Advertising products and services.
• Selling products or services directly to Web visitors.
• Providing post-sale services and support.
• Increasing knowledge and awareness of a person, a topic, or an organization.
• Releasing information in accordance with law or an organization’s charter.

When you sign up for a Web site, one of the first things you’ll have to do is determine a domain name for your site. Then, you register your domain name with a domain name registrar.

STEP-BY-STEP PROCESS OF REGISTERING A DOMAIN NAME

Generally, the process works like this:

1. You visit one of the accredited domain name registrars’ websites.
2. You use the registrar’s site to check and see if the domain name you wish to use is unclaimed. For example, if you wanted to start a Web site using the name www.ebay.com , you’d find that someone is already using that domain name. Most registrar site maintain an easy-to-use search interface that allows you to check if the domain you want is in use, and helps you find alternative name if it is.
3. After you have successfully chosen a name, you submit it to the ICANN through the registrar’s site.
4. The registrar then usually “park” your site by assigning you an IP address (199.34.57.50) on one of its servers for a small fee. You can also provide an IP address, which your hosting company should have given you when you signed up with them.
5. Have your credit card handy, because next you’ll be asked to pay for the service provided by the registrar.
6. The registrar then maps the domain name to either the IP address you provided or the IP address on its server that it used to park your domain name. The mapping is then forwarded to ICANN and it goes into massive database containing all the world’s IP address and corresponding domain names.

TIP:
Some Web hosting companies actually take care of this process for you, so you may be able to skip these steps.
Some registrars also act as hosting services, and will try to sell you a hosting plan. Keep in mind that you are not under no obligation to host your site using the services of the registrar you use to register your site.

Definition of Terms
• The Domain Name System (DNS) is used to map a name to static IP address. Computers use these to communicate with themselves using a name (such as www.abisoft.com). When a computer requests a URL, the DNS translates that name into the corresponding IP address.
• Domain Name is a unique hostname given to every computer that connects to the Internet.
• Every computer that connects to the Internet is given a unique identifier called an Internet Protocol (IP) address.
• Domain name registrars register your domain name and hook you up to the Internet by making sure your domain name is added to a huge database of domain names that are mapped to specific IP addresses.
• The organization that governs this process is called The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN).

When the TCP/IP suite is installed in Windows Operating System, a number of TCP/IP troubleshooting tools are automatically installed as well. These Windows-based TCP/IP utilities are entered, executed, and controlled from the command prompt.
The Windows TCP/IP tools include the following:
1. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) --This utility enables the modification of IP-to-Physical (Ethernet) address-translation tables.
2. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) – This utility enables the transfer of files to and from FTP servers.
3. PING – This utility enables the verification of connections to remote hosts, or allows the testing od connections to the Internet.
4. NETSTAT – This utility enables the display of current TCP/IP network connections and protocol statistics.
5. NBTSTAT – A similar command to NETSTAT, this command performs the same function using NetBIOS over the TCP/IP connection.
6. TRACERT – The Trace Route utility command enables the display of route and hop counts taken to a given destination. The route taken to a particular address can be set manually using the ROUTE command.
7. IPCONFIG – This command-line utility determines the current TCP/IP configuration (MAC address, IP address, and subnet mask) of the local computer. It also may be used to request a new TCP/IP address from a DHCP server.
The IPCONFIG utility can be started with two important option switches: /renew and /release. These switches are used to release and update IP setting received from a DHCP server. The /all switch is used to view the TCP/IP settings for the network adapter card that the local station is connected to.
8. WINIPCFG – This Windows utility can also be used to quickly find the local computer’s network address and other useful TCP/IP settings. It also allows the repair of network connection problems in certain situations.
9. The TRACERT utility traces the route taken by ICMP packets sent across the network. Routers along the path are instructed to return information to the inquiring system including the host name, IP address, and round-trip time for each path hop.

FYI (For Your Information):
These resources are the best to use if you have no other troubleshooting tools available. When the Network settings for TCP/IP Properties are configured correctly, the current TCP/IP settings can be examined using the command line, IPCONFIG/ALL, or the WINIPCFG utility.
Both of these utilities are capable displaying the current IP settings of the local computer as a troubleshooting starting point.

The three major Web server software vendors :

(1) Apache, the leading Web server software worldwide, is from the Apache Software Foundation, and is an open source project.
Because anyone can afford free, and the software itself is extremely good, it has captured nearly 70% of the web server market, according to Netcaft.com.
Apache is a good choice if you are running Java-based software on your Web server.

(2) Sun. if you are have a Sun Microsystems system running Solaris, which is a UNIX-based operating system that runs Sun servers, you may want to consider using Sun's SunONE web server. This Java-based Web server plays well with other Sun-based products. It only holds about a 3•5% market share, which is a steep drop from its heydays of the mid-to-late-1990s.

(3) Microsoft holds about 25% of the share of the Web server market, Microsoft servers tend to be easier to compromise than Apache servers. Microsoft's Web server is called Internet Information Services 5•0 or 6•0 (IIS 5•0, IIS 6•0), depending on the version you are running.

Hints:
Generally, if you want to run a Java-based architecture or PHP, you should probably run an Apache server.
If you run A.S.P. or •NET, you should run a Microsoft Server.
However, you can run Java-based software using Microsoft-based products, and you can also run Apache on Windows products (since Apache ports its software to multiple operating systems)
If you want to run static HTML pages pick the operating environment you are most comfortable with.

If an internet service provider (ISP) can afford two seperate servers, security experts recommend that file transfer protocol (FTP) services should not run on the same server as Web Services. FTP users have more opportunities for reading and possibly changing file than web users.
A hacker could use FTP to damage a company's website, thus damaging the company's image and possibly compromising web-based e-commerce and other applications.