The IPv4 and IPv6 addresses give ways of uniquely identifying any host on the Internet. However, the addresses are not very convenient for people to work with. To overcome this problem a naming convention involving mnemonics is used to identify hosts. For name purpose the Internet is divided into domains, where each domain can be divided into smaller subdomains which can also be further subdivided.

The domain name are read from bottom up, so the fully qualified name of the host called 'phoenix' in the subdomain 'open', which is the subdomain 'ac', which is itself in the top-level domain 'uk' is phoenix.open.ac.uk.

Terminology
In order to understand how DNS works, you will need some DNS terminology under your belt.

1. Resolver
The names used by people are converted to IP addresses by a software program running on a local computer. Such a program is typically called a resolver.

2. Name Server (NS)
In each domain a number of computers are assigned to act as name server. Their role is to provide information about the hosts within their own domain or the addresses of other name servers that are assigned to lower-level domains. If they cannot reslove an enquiry they pass it to a name server that has information about higher-level domain.

3. DNS
Because of the number of hosts connected to the Internet, it is impracticable for all the host names and addresses to be stored in a single database. Instead, a set of distributed databases is used. These distributed databases are called the domain name system (DNS) for the Internet.

Benefits of DNS for Mid-Size to Large Businesses

1. A local DNS is vital for enterprise level and larger companies.

2. A DNS server keeps IP addresses inside a company network private.

3. It is an essential tool for managing each IP device on a corporate network.

For more information on how to setup a DNS server for mid-size to large companies.
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Knowing how DNS works, and the various technical names and processes involved not only provides a good overview of how the Internet works, but can also save you time and confusion when making changes to records for a websites.

The DNS is very necessary because though we access information on the web through the human-friendly domain names which are very much easier to recall, the browsers interact through the machine-readable Internet Protocol (IP) addresses
which consist of groups of numbers like
204.0.8.51. Web browsing as we know today wouldn't exist without it.

Thanks, I really appreciate your article on how DNS works.