What's is a Cassava Farming business plan

A Cassava business plan is a documented strategy for an Agricultural business that highlights its goals and its plans for achieving them. It outlines a company's go-to-market plan, financial projections, market research, business purpose, and mission statement. Key staff who are responsible for achieving the goals may also be included in the business plan along with a timeline.


The purpose of having your Cassava farming business plan is three-fold: It summarizes the organization’s strategy in order to execute it long term, secures financing from investors, and helps forecast future business demands.

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Cassava has always been a source of income and food for thousands, if not millions, of Nigerians and Africans.

A whopping 90% of Nigerian households eat a cassava product every day, ranging from garri to wheat flour. As the population in Nigeria and Africa grows, the demand for this farm produce grows too, leading to higher income for cassava farmers.

cassava is one of the most important cash crops in the world, and due to this, investing in cassava farming is sure to be a lucrative venture, as long as you have the sufficient training required to get started.

So, we ask ourselves why haven’t more people ventured into cassava farming?

The answer in most cases is "the absence of capital."

Another reason is that the prospective cassava farmers "have no idea on how to start."

But fear not, this is here just for you!.

We are going to run down some basic steps on how to begin a cassava farm.

STEP 1: PICK A GOOD SITE FOR THE FARM

Cassava thrives in thick loamy soil, good rainfall and a warm climate. Picking the right location for your cassava farm is the first and most important part of owning a successful cassava farm.

The ideal farm location for cassava farming is a location with humid/warm climates. This is where cassava grows best. In preparing the land for planting cassava, the land has to be sufficiently drained, since cassava can’t abide by a waterlogged soil. The soil would have to be ploughed thoroughly and drained.


STEP 2: SOIL FERTILITY

The soil’s fertility should be high. A fertile soil will inadvertently lead to a very good harvest. If you choose a good and fertile soil in step 1, you won’t have to worry about this step.

STEP 3: SEED VARIETY

In planting cash crops, the varieties with the highest yield must be coveted. Cassava with high yield includes TME419, TME582, TMS1632, and the vitamin A fortified yellow cassava.
These four different varieties of cassava can give off an average of 25-40 tons of cassava.

Choosing the right variety of cassava can be as tedious as finding the right farmland.
The hack is to know what the cassava is going to be used for after harvest. Is it going to be for human consumption? Do you want it to grow fast? Do you want it to be highly resistant to pests and diseases?

Knowledge of the combination that you desire above will lead you on the path to finding the perfect variety to cultivate.

STEP 4: PLANTING THE CASSAVA

Planting the cassava within the right timeframe and perfect conditions will significantly increase the quality and quantity of harvest.



STEP 5. PLANTING SEASON

The right time for planting Is Early March - April for first Planting Season of Cassava.
Planting the right variety, this Cassava should be ready for harvest by October/November. ( 7-8~months After)

Late planting of Cassava is also recommend time is July - Early September(not exceeding first week of September).

This Cassava should also be Ready for harvest by April/May of Proceeding year(8-9 months After planting)

STEP 6:HOW TO PLANT CASSAVA

To start planting cassava, after the land preparation has been done, you begin planting by:

Ensuring the stems are planted while the soil is wet—preferably at the start of a raining season.

Planting the stems either vertically or slanting.

Pushing the stem deep into the ground, leaving 2 buds above ground level.

Pressing the ridge around the stem. This will make the roots to be developed and properly nourished.

Maintaining the proper cassava spacing, which is usually 1.5 meters.

The best month to begin planting cassava is in April, at the beginning of the raining season.

STEP 7:HOW TO CARE FOR YOUR CASSAVA FARM

WEEDING

The recommended schedule for weeding a cassava farm is at the 4th, 8th and 12th week. This is after planting in the first growth phase.

It has been recorded that the best way to control weeds on a cassava farm is to combine hand clearing, with the use of herbicides like atrazine and diuron.

FERTILIZER

Fertilizer should be applied 8 weeks after planting. It should be applied in a ring around a ridge. The fertilizer should not touch the stem or the plant.

STEP8 : HARVESTING CASSAVA

Harvesting cassava is mostly done by hand. It involves lifting the lower part of the stem and dragging the roots from the earth. Ropes may be used to assist in the harvesting process.

Again, cassava is a multipurpose cash crop, used for almost every meal we eat on a daily basis, both man and animal.



STEP 9 :CASSAVA FARM TRAINING



This is a training course that would give you both the theoretical and practical knowledge you would need to become a successful cassava farmer. However, as long as you have an interest in cassava, you are halfway there.

The IMPORTANCE of the CASSAVA FARM TRAINING COURSE is as follows:



1:It would increase your technical know-how in regards to cassava farming.



2: It aids in avoiding unnecessary mistakes.



3: It Increases profit-making potential.


4: Lifetime MENTORSHIP, Credit Facilities plus other Farm input(such as Stem, herbicide at subside rates)

5: Access to Global Market for your Cassava products(including export opportunities and Connection with agro allied industries)

In conclusion, cassava is one of the most important cash crops in the world, and due to this, investing in cassava farming is sure to be a lucrative venture, as long as you have the sufficient training required to get started.

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The cost of cassava production per hectare is shown as follows:

Acquisition of one hectare farmland: ₦35,000 – ₦90,000(Depending on location)

Surveying and Land Documentation: ₦7,000 – ₦11,000(Optional most farmers don't do survey)

Clearing, Ploughing and Harrowing: ₦45,000

Cassava Stem: ₦20,000

Planting: ₦11,000

Irrigation: ₦290,000 – ₦640,000 (Optional)

Fertilizers and Manure: ₦20,000 – ₦100,000 (Depending on soil fertility)

Pesticides: ₦10,000

Others: ₦90,000

Notes to the cost of cassava production per hectare in Nigeria

The following are the items in the cost analysis of a 1 hectare cassava farm:

Acquisition of farmland
You will need to acquire a farmland for you to engage in cassava farming. You can either acquire a farmland or you rent or lease a farmland. Renting a farmland may be cheaper in the short term.

The cost of land acquisition for one hectare is usually ₦90,000 – ₦350,000 depending on your location.

Surveying and Land Documentation
The cost of surveying the farmland acquired and other documentations is usually ₦90,000 – ₦190,000. Some cassava farmers do not need to incur this cost as they do not survey and do any documentation for their farmland.

Clearing, Ploughing and Harrowing
The cost of clearing, ploughing and harrowing should be ₦45,000. This cost can vary as per your location. The use of tractors is faster but can also be more expensive than the use of labourers for land clearing.

Cassava Stem
As a new cassava farmer, you may need to buy cassava stems to be used to grow cassava. The cost of cassava stems needed for one hectare of cassava farmland should be around ₦20,000.

Planting:

The cost of planting of cassava stem per hectare is assumed to be ₦11,000. The cost of planting cassava stems varies as per location. The use of machines can reduce the cost of planting cassava stems on large acreages of land.

Irrigation:

Irrigation may be used for cassava farming. The cost of irrigating a one hectare farmland of cassava is assumed to be ₦290,000 – ₦640,000. It should be noted that a significant percentage of cassava farmers in Nigeria do not use irrigation for cassava growing, they rather rely on the rains.

Fertilizers and Manure:

The cost of manure and fertilizers per hectare of cassava is assumed to be ₦20,000 – ₦100,000. It should be noted that the actual cost of fertilisation will vary as per the fertility of your soil. Farmers with fertile soils will spend less on fertilizers and manure.

Pesticides:

The cost of pesticides is expected to be ₦10,000. Cassava farmers in Nigeria hardly use pesticides because cassava is a hardy and resilient crop. However, if your cassava farm is infected with pests and diseases, you will need to use pesticides.

Others;

Other expenses are expected to be ₦90,000.

How profitable is cassava farming in Nigeria
Cassava farming is profitable if done the right way. The Returns on Investment (ROI) on cassava farming is 50% – 300% depending on the yield and the season.

The prices of cassava are usually high at some years. The prices of cassava also have the peak time and the off peak time every year. The onus is on the farmer to try to harvest and sell his cassava produce when the prices are at the highest level. This will make the farmer maximize his profit.

Do you grow cassava? If yes, why not share the cost of your cassava farming venture with us in the comments’ section.

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Mhurfhy:
Not clear. You should do more explanations like you are explaining it to a 10yr old. Thank you

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It would be gratifying to see more youth venture into agriculture. Nigeria is a country blessed with many natural resources that need to be utilized. We have farmlands; a favourable environment that aids the cultivation and productivity of farm produce. To leverage our climate advantage here are agricultural businesses anyone can start with small capital in Nigeria in 2024.

1. Poultry Business
The poultry business is quite common and very relevant despite the economic downturn going on in Nigeria. The poultry business is quite lucrative; and always in high demand because the end product is very essential in our diet. Before you go into this business you need to know the basic training needed. You must also understand that it is also a delicate business because it involves living things; if fowls are not handled with care, they die easily. Enroll yourself for a course that could be online or physical to be clarified. The poultry business entails fowls like chicken, goose, turkey, and ducks. You can start with one (as you prefer); well, chicken would be a good start for you.

2. Cassava
This is a farm produce we consume very well in Nigeria. Anything that has to do with food cannot die out because we need it to sustain ourselves; and keep the body functioning. Cassava is, in fact, one of the most profitable business farming currently in Nigeria. To start a cassava business you will need farmland for your cassava plantation. If you don’t have land you can rent; the land must have fertile soil. You will need equipment such as cutlasses, hoes, and weeders.



3. Catfish
Catfish business is no longer a new thing; it is predominantly everywhere but you can still create a niche for yourself; it depends on how you offer your service. You will need a small space or land to get started. It could be a fish pond that would be concrete or plastic. You must also have access to clean water because this is the natural habitat for fish.

4. Snail
Snail farming is lucrative but also needs to be explored more. It’s a business that can fetch reasonable income within a short period. You need to set up a house for your snail to graze freely. The house must be spacious enough to avoid overcrowding if not the development of the snail would be impeded. You’ll need to buy fresh snails that are healthy to get started.

5. Maize
Maize is a farm crop familiar to everyone. It aids many food production. Maize business thrives very well in Nigeria. It is best planted as soon as the rainy season starts. Early sowing would influence the yield of the crop. You must also be consistent with “weed” control because they compete for sunlight, water and nutrients with crops. Land with trees, clayey soil and ant hills should be avoided.

Wondering how to get Started with any of the above farming venture:

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Yess..
Yes ..Agriculture is a necessity! It creates jobs, helps our economy and provides our basic necessities — food, fiber (like cotton and wool) and shelter (like lumber for homes). By 2050, there will be nearly 10 billion people on Earth. This is about 3 billion more mouths to feed than there were in 2010. Increasing food production today while preserving tomorrow’s resources will be necessary to meet the needs of our growing population and demands creativity and innovation.

Farmers of all ages face this challenge and must continue to be advocates for the importance of agriculture and the need for the industry in the future.

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Do you know that you can make money and profits by processing cassava to garri? Do you know all parts of cassava tuber can be converted to money? Do you know that all parts of cassava tuber is useful? Relax, I am going to explain the nitty gritty of all these and how to do it to you in this article.

The cassava processing steps include the following;


Harvest and sort your cassava to get the best results.
Peel the cassava roots into clean mats.

Wash the peeled cassava with clean water and clean the cassava root.

Grate the cassava roots into a mash using a grinding machine. Most of the machines used are sourced locally.

Ferment the Cassava Mash to Remove Hydrocyanic Acid.

The number of days depends on a number of factors. The factors include the owner of the job, the available jobs in the processing plant and the number of workers available.

Press the cassava sack to drain the water in the garri jack.

About 9 to 21 bags can be set in the machine at a single time. The time taken for dewatering varies from 3 hours to 24 hours depending on the processing plant and the jobs available.

After draining or dewatering the ground garri mash, sift the wet cake into grits. This is to enable the easy frying and to ensure that the flakes do not bind together.

Next is to roast or fry the grits obtained to form edible garri.

Clean broom or other such materials are used for moving the garri around during the frying process.
Spread the garri in a thin layer and allow it to cool in the open air. This will also make the garri to dry out well before being bagged.

Sieve or grind the garri to break larger granules into very small bits. How the initial processes were handled will determine if more work will be done at this stage or not.

Pack the garri in airtight bags and store properly in readiness for sale and consumption.

The cassava peels can be dried and sold to goat rearers.
Profits are made and the seller or farmer smiles to the bank.

Money in garri business..

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How to Cultivate Cassava in Nigeria
Below are the steps to take to grow Cassava or start a Cassava plantation in Nigeria:

Selection of Site for Farmland
Soil Preparation
Picking the Cassava Variety to Plant
Equipment
Irrigation
Climatic Conditions
Planting Cassava Stems
Weed Control
Fertilizer and Manure Management
Management of Pests and Diseases
Harvesting
1. Farmland to use for Cassava Plantation
You can rent a farmland to plant your cassava crop. However, it is better if the farmland is freehold or leasehold.

The farmland should have a fertile soil. The farmland should also be easily accessible so that the cassava produce can be easily evacuated to the market.

If you do not have irrigation, it is better you situate your farmland in the rain forest belt of Nigeria where you are sure of good rainfall level.

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2. Climatic Conditions Suitable for Cassava Farming
Cassava grows in tropical conditions. Cassava will not do well in cold and temperate areas or regions.

Cassava can grow well in all the climatic conditions prevalent in all areas in Nigeria.

Cassava loves water, though it will not do well in water logged areas. During the later stage of the life of the cassava plant, the level of water should be reduced.

3. Soil Suitable for Cassava Cultivation
Cassava does well in sandy soil, sandy loamy soil and sandy laterite soil. Cassava can grow in any soil. Cassava is known to survive in very poor soils. However, it is better if your soil is fertile. Poor soil can be amended with manure, compost and fertilizers.

Cassava prefers areas with dry soil; it will not do well in water logged soils.

The soil pH should be 4.0 – 7.0. Cassava will not reach its optimum yield if grown in very acidic soil. Acidic soil should be amended with lime or dolomite.

4. Soil Preparation
For large Cassava plantation, bulldozers can be used to remove trees, stumps and weeds. The type of bulldozers to be used for land clearing should be the type that will not remove the top soil. Due care and skills should be exercised so that the top soil will not be affected during land clearing.

Ploughing should be done after the removal of the trees, stumps and weeds. After ploughing, harrowing should be done. Several rounds of ploughing and harrowing may be done depending on the condition of the soil. Ridging should be done for areas prone to flooding.

Soil that has poor fertility and low organic matter should be amended with manure and compost. Humus can also be added to the soil.

Phosphatic fertilizers like Single Super Phosphate fertilizer or Diammonium Phosphate Fertilizer should be buried near every cassava stand. Depending on how fertile the soil is, up to 10 grams of Single Super Phosphate fertilizer may be applied near each cassava stand.

Up to 10,000 cassava plants can be accommodated in a one hectare farmland using spacing of 1 metre by 1 metre.

5. Cassava Varieties
Some of the cassava varieties cultivated in Nigeria include TME 419, TMS 90257, TMS 91934, TMS 81/00110, TMS 82/00661, TMS 30001, TMS 30555, TMS 30572 and local cultivars—Nwugo, Nwaiwa, Ekpe and Okotorowa.

Other cassava varieties planted in Nigeria are Game-Changer, Hope, Obasanjo-2, Baba-70, and Poundable.



6. Equipment
The following equipment can be used for Cassava farming:

Tractors
Boom Sprayer
Harrowers
Plough
Farm House
Power Tiller
Cutlasses
Hoes
Earth Augers
Motorised Sprayers
Weeders etc.
7. Irrigation
Irrigation can significantly enhance the yield of cassava. Besides, with irrigation, you can practice high density planting of Cassava.

Irrigation involves the artificial application of water to crops. In the case of Cassava, with irrigation, plant population can be increased and yield can also be enhanced.

The following types of irrigation can be used for Cassava:

Drip Irrigation: Drip irrigation is a type of irrigation that passes water to the root zone of plants. It is the most effective and efficient type of irrigation for Cassava farming.

Sprinkler: Sprinklers spray droplets of water to crops. Sprinklers can be used for Cassava farming.

Furrow Irrigation: This is the passing of water between the ridges or beds on a farmland. Though, this is a type of irrigation, if not well done, it can lead to root rot in plants.

8. Planting Cassava Stems
The cassava stems should be dug into the soil. A spacing of 1 metre by 1 metre should be used when planting the cassava stem.

10 grams of Single Super Phosphate fertilizer should be applied near each cassava stem.

Mychorizhae and other microbial innoculants should be added near each cassava stem. This will increase the number of beneficial microbes in the soil. Nematicides may also be used if the soil is infected with harmful nematodes.

9. Weed Control
Herbicides can be used to kill weeds on Cassava farms. Weeders and other mechanical tools can also be used for weed management in Cassava farming.

Plastic mulches and other types of mulches can be used for the prevention of the growth of weeds.

Tools like cutlasses and hoes can also be used for weed management.

10. Fertilizer and Manure Application in Cassava Farming
Manure and compost should be added to the soil before the transplantation of the Cassava seedlings.

The types of fertilizers that can be used for Cassava farming includes:

NPK Fertilizers
Muriate of Potash (MOP)
Single Super Phosphate Fertilizer (SSP)
Calcium Nitrate
Potassium Nitrate etc.
11. Pests and Diseases of Cassava Crop
The following are the pests and diseases that can affect Cassava trees:

Cassava Brown Leaf Spot
White Leaf Spot
Witches Broom
Cassava Mosaic Disease
Cassava Bacterial Blight
Bud Necrosis
Cassava Root Rot Disease
Whiteflies
Aphids
Caterpillars
Termites
Nematodes etc.


12. Harvesting
Cassava is usually harvested after 10 – 12 months of planting. To harvest your cassava, you need to partially cut the stem. After the partially cutting the stem, you pull out the remaining stem from the soil, this will lead to the pulling out of the cassava tuber.

Harvesters can also be used to harvest matured cassava tubers. After the harvest of the cassava tubers, you need to peel the tubers and start processing the cassava into the product you want...

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Reasons Why Cassava Farming Is Easy And Profitable
Cassava is one of the easiest crops to cultivate as it does not require sophisticated environmental conditions.


Cassava is very much adaptive to climate change as it can resist high temperature, drought. Cassava grows well on all types of soil with an exception of heavy or saturated soil. Though it gives preference to light, well drained and deep soil rich in organic nutrients.
Cassava is tolerant to high temperature as it thrives well on tropics and sub-tropical regions.
It tolerates long dry seasons (6 to 7 months) as well as reduced rainfall.
Cassava is very good at weed control because ones the plant is around 6-7 weeks, it already forms canopy with its leaves, therefore, considerably reducing weed emergency. Thus reducing cost of weeding and herbicide application.
Also due to its hardy nature, cassava does not require irrigation facility as it can adapt and tolerate adverse weather conditions.
Large Market or Buyer-base
Many industries in Nigeria use cassava as a major raw material so you don't have any trouble selling your products.
Low input of time and resources.

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Cassava farming is definitely a lucrative venture to start- up in 2023.

Almost every home in Africa consume Cassava and its by-product everyday either directly or in directly.

Cassava farming is value in the world market at $2.5Billion by FOA as at 2022. From Flour industry, to starch and pharmaceutical industry Cassava is a major raw material.


How To Start Your Cassava farming

You can get Started with Cassava farming in 2023. But get this principal capital- Knowledge.
You need the right training and mentorship program to get Started with Cassava farming.

Passion is also key not just money. Don't put your money were your heart is not.
Do you love farming, if yes then it will profit you even with the little you put into it.

Planning and Preparations.

You can get on with planning on how you want to begin your farming. Get a good fertile soil and well drain. Your stem and other herbicide should also be Ready.

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