₦airaland Forum

You cant upgrade any longer, but you can still retain your business if you have paid your annual report up till date

Googleus:
nice one, pls can i upgrade an existing business name to company to avoid the cumbersome procedure..

how?

Yes, you can register it by yourself only that it is more cumbersome. You will have to draft memorandum and article of association.

tevanso:
Can I register company name by myself too

Many people do not know that it does not require a rocket science to register their businesses by themselves. Therefore, this article is for those individuals who are interested in registering their business entity in Nigeria under Part A of the Companies and Allied Matters Act. This process is known as Business Name Registration.

There are three main parts under which an entity could be registered in Nigeria:
Part A..Business Names
Part B..Limited Companies
Part CIncorporated Trustees

While businesses could be registered under any of Part A or Part B, Non-Profit organization is registered under Part C. The requirements and the procedure of registration under each of the parts are different.

The following steps are to be followed in order to register Business Name
STEP 1
Availability and Reservation The first step is to decide on what name to use to register your business, the process is done online. You will apply to the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC) and suggest two alternate names for your business. The CAC will conduct a search in its database to ensure that the name is not already in use or there is no similar name already in use. If the CAC approves the name, then it will reserve the name for you for a 60-day period. During this period it is expected that you will complete the registration process for your business name.

STEP 2
Complete the Business Name Registration Forms As with step 1 above, this can also be completed online. The information required to be completed includes:

Approved Name of the Business
General Nature of the Business
Address of the Business
Name, Address, Occupation and other details of the Proprietors of the Business
Signature of the Proprietors
Recognized Identity Card of the proprietor

STEP 3
Payment of CAC Filing Fees The payment of the fees can be done online or can be completed in a bank.

STEP 4
Submission of Forms Once the payment has been approved, you may then submit the forms online, the CAC will review the documentation and if all is in order the CAC will then notify the registrant that the application has been approved, and the Business Name Certificate is ready for collection.

Here are steps to register your businesses online
1. Go to services.cac.gov.ng
2. Create your Account
3. Login to your Account
4. Conduct Availability and Reservation of Name Search
5. Register your Business Online
6. Pay filing fee online.
7. Download the document and take to Commissioner of Oath for signing


STEP BY STEP DETAILS TO REGISTER YOUR BUSINESS ONLINE
Click on create an account on the home page of the Portal. Complete the forms displayed
ACCREDITED USERS should select ARE YOU AN ACCREDITED CUSTOMER? and enter their accreditation number in this format for individual NBA/IND/67345, NBA/FM/65432. Accredited users should enter the e-mail address used during accreditation. Enter the catcher as displayed in the box. Click on submit.
FOR GENERAL USERS, the system will display the pre-entered USER NAME and the auto-generated PASSWORD immediately, but accredited users are mailed their USER NAME and PASSWORD after approval at the back office.

ACCESSING THE CRP AFTER ACCOUNT CREATION
Enter the USER NAME and PASSWORD.Click on LOGINAccept terms of use.Change your PASSWORD.You can thereafter transact business with the commission using your profile without any interruption.
CONDUCT AVAILABILITY
Before you proceed to conduct the Availability please perform a public search here to check if your name is available to prevent you from conducting an Availability Search on an already taken name, the payment you will make is non-refundable, so you should ensure your name is not already taken before proceeding

Log in using your profile details. Select NEW NAME RESERVATION. Complete the forms displayed.
Always make use of the CONTINUE button until you get to the end of the form and make payment.
TO VIEW AVAILABILITY APPROVAL
Log in with your profile and Click on ACTION button on the name already reserved.
Click on DOWNLOAD OF NAME APPROVAL. The system will download the document at the base of your computer system.
Click on the OPEN option, the approved availability will be displayed.
This is where you see the availability serial number that is required for registration.
Log in with your profile.
Select REGISTRATION Select New Registration

Select the classification that is BUSINESS NAME, or COMPANY, or INCORPORATED TRUSTEE.
Enter the availability serial code. Click on continue.
Enter the details of the PROPRIETOR, his address, phone number, Date of birth, E-mail Address, and the number on his identity Cards.
Click on payment and you will be directed to Remita page where you will have the opportunity of paying online through your ATM card.


TO DOWNLOAD DOCUMENT:
After payment the next will be to download your document, print it and take it to any nearby court to have it signed by the Commissioner for oath and also the appropriate column will be signed by the proprietor

TO UPLOAD DOCUMENT ON DOCUMENT UPLOAD
Go to the commissions web site http://docupload.cac.gov.ng/docUpload/Enter the Business name AVAILABILITY CODE.
Select the ORIGINATING OFFICE (THIS IS WHERE YOU WILL PICK UP THE CERTIFICATE).
Select I AM NOT A ROBOT then follow the instruction.
Click on BEGIN.
Select the type of document to be attached one after the other and attach each one after properly identifying same.
After attaching all the documents click on submit.
Documents to be uploaded for business Name Registration
Properly signed downloaded Application forms
A copy of Identity Card
Availability approval notice
Receipt of payment for Filing

AFTER UPLOAD WHATS NEXT
The Commission will rely on the uploaded documents to treat your application. The certificate will be generated by the Commission and all relevant documents will be certified. You dont have to go to the Commission to follow up on the status of your application; you can check the status of your application on the portal. There is a column that reads STATUS on your profile. This will show the state or status of the application, it will show NOT SUBMITTED, or SUBMITTED, or PENDING APPROVAL, or APPROVED depending on the stage the application is.
Also, note that where the application is approved and certificate generated the Registration number will be displayed on the column for REGISTRATION NUMBER.
When the status reads APPROVED and Registration number displayed, then you can approach the office where you had selected as the DROP-OFF/PICK UP OFFICE or ORIGINATING OFFICE with the original copy of the document that you had earlier printed and uploaded. You should submit the originals in exchange for the certificate and CTCs.

Farmland for sale in Arege/Olugbo in Odeda Abeokuta 170k200k per acre

For your farmland contact us

Farmland for sale in Ogun State 170k/200k

We have acres of land suitable for farming any kind of crops. It is situated in Odeda, Abeokuta. Ogun state for 170k/2000k. You can buy an acre or more and resell in plots to poultry farmers

Farmland for Sale in Arege/Olugbo, Odeda, Abeokuta 170/200k per acre

Land For farming and poultry
To be a successful poultry farmer you need farmland where you can practice your farm successfully and you also need to register your company. We have land for sale in Odeda, Abeokuta. It is 170k/ 200k per acre. 5 poultry farmer can contribute and buy 1 acre. We can eaually help you to register your company or farmers cooperative

Land For farming and poultry
To be a successful poultry farmer you need farmland where you can practice your farm successfully and you also need to register your company. We have land for sale in Odeda, Abeokuta. It is 170k/ 200k per acre. 5 poultry farmer can contribute and buy 1 acre. We can eaually help you to register your company or farmers cooperative.

Acres of land are available at Arege and Olugbo under Odeda local govt. The land could be accessed both from lagos/Ibadan Expressway and Abeokuta. It is about 15 minutes from Onigaari at Lagos/Ibadan express road to the farm. You will drive to your farm.
No issue of omonile
Document
Perimeter survey
Purchase of land agreement.
170-200 thousand naira per acre. Pay and take possession immediately

How To Start A New Farming Business In Nigeria

Without doubt, Farming is a lucrative business; however, contrary to the beliefs of many people who are interested in taking up farming as a short cut to quick riches, farming takes a lot of planning, efforts and commitment before it can produce desired results. Many people have had their fingers burnt today because they rushed into farming without prior knowledge and based on the analysis they got from internet farmers who do their planting and harvesting on the internet. Most of the analysis on internet, are only there to lure the investors, they are far from reality on ground.

Immediately a real farmer reads about humongous return of investment on the internet about some crops, he will know whether the writer is a real farmer or pen farmer. We normally advise intending farmer especially the Nigerians in Diaspora not to gamble with their money by investing in farming when they know nothing about it.

REASONS WHY MANY INVESTORS IN FARMING LOST AND ARE STILL LOSING THEIR INVESTED CAPITAL.

Lack/ Inadequate knowledge about farming.
Farming business is one the areas where people take acquisition of knowledge for granted. Farming is like any other serious businesses which require training and retraining so as to be updated on new methods and methodologies so as to maximize your profit and minimize the cost. You will never be saturated with learning as far as farming is concern. It is wrong to just jump into cultivation of a particular crop because you read online that it could give you 300% of return of Investments.

We are not disputing the fact that you can get a lot of beneficial and didactic information of farming on line but it our candid advice as professionals in the field for you to crosscheck the facts and verify the information from the farmers in the farm. Most of the articles on internet discuss assumed return of Investment without putting into perspective the challenges. They talk about the expected profit and keep mum on the possibility of loss. There are two sides to every coin. If you don’t know about failure it will be difficult to safeguard ourselves from it and by the time we realize it will be too devastating. It is incumbent on any driver, apart from knowing the rudiments of driving you must know about precautionary measures and damage control when you have a flat tyre on motion.

One of our friends lost a huge sum of money this year on watermelon because of inadequate knowledge. He read about mouth watering returns of Investments on cultivation of Watermelon; he put all his capital on it; and he eventually lost everything due to fungi attack. Many investors are in his shoes today because they know where to press in an airplane to fly and get too enthusiastic and get carried away without minding how to land safely. They pressed the “on button”; the airplane took off; after some minutes of flight they realized that they ought to have learnt about how to land an airplane safely. Too late !

KIND OF KNOWLEDGE REQUIRED IN FARMING
When you want to start cultivation of a particular crop you must as a matter some of the factors below in details. You can afford to lose your hard earning money:

KNOW ABOUT THE CROP:
Before you decide on whether cultivation of particular crops is worth it or not you must first of all conduct about the crop you are interested in. It is highly recommended that you find those who are cultivating similar crops to what you intend to do. It's also recommended for you to visit their farm. You will be able to ask questions and get a better understanding of their own farming experiences.
KNOW ABOUT THE WEATHER
You have to acquire knowledge about the best weather that is suitable for the crop you intend to cultivate. Some crops do better in certain quarter of the year than other.

KNOW ABOUT THE MARKET/DEMAND.
What I know of internet analysis of price of farm produce is that it is often based on retail price rather than whole sale price. As a farmer you don’t base your projection or retail price but rather whole sale price because you are going to sell in buck. For instance a watermelon that is sold for N400.00 is not more than N200, from the farmer. Get to know about the price the farmers sell the product. Farmers markets are also a great place to meet producers so as get great knowledge about the market and demand. .
Any intending farmer that is serious about making profit from farming should critically consider the factors explained above; and some other factors that we will explain in part 2 of this write-up so that they won’t end up losing their investment capital like that friend of mine. For follow up check legalclinic.com.ng

alBHAGDADI:
If you want to know where Jesus said Iam God worship me, pls read the below thread


https://www.nairaland.com/4117606/how-answer-question-where-did

The reasons why jesus can not be God according to the bible

Bible Verses That Indicate Jesus Is Not God The Creator

1. Matthew 24:36
No one knows about that day or hour, not even the Son, but the Father only.
Here Jesus makes a distinction between what he knows and what the Father knows.

2. Matthew 26:39
My Father, if it is possible, may this cup be taken from me, yet not as I will, but as Thou will.
Jesus’ will is likewise autonomous from God’s Will. Jesus is seeking acquiescence to God’s will.

3. John 5:26
For as the Father has life in Himself, so he has granted the Son to have life in himself.
Jesus received his life from God. God received his life from no one. He is eternally self-existent.

4. John 5:30
By myself, I can do nothing: I judge only as I hear, and my judgment is just, for I seek not to please myself but him who has sent me.
Jesus says, “by myself, I can do nothing.” This indicates that Jesus is relying upon his own relationship with God. He is not trying to “please myself” but rather is seeking to “please the one who sent me.”

5. John 5:19
The Son can do nothing by himself; he can do only what he sees the Father doing, because whatever the Father does, the Son does also.
Jesus declares that he is following a pattern laid down by God. He is expressing obedience to God.

6. Mark 10:18
Why do you call me good? No one is good, except God alone.
Here Jesus emphatically makes a distinction between himself and God.

7. John 14:28
The Father is greater than I.
This is another strong statement that makes a distinction between Jesus and God.

8. Matthew 6:9
Our Father, which art in Heaven.
He didn’t pray, Our Father, which art standing right here!”

9. Matthew 27:46
My God, My God, why hast thou forsaken me?
Inconceivable if he is God the Creator.

10. John 17:21-23
. . .that all of them may be one, Father, just as you are in me and I am in you. May they also be in us so that the world may believe that you have sent me. . ..that they may be one as we are one: I in them and you in me.
In this prayer Jesus defines the term “to be one.” It is clearly accomplished through the relationship of two autonomous beings. Christian believers are to model their relationship (to become one) after the relationship of God and Christ (as God and Christ are one). Notice that “to be one” does not mean to be “one and the same.”

11. 1 Corinthians 15:27-28
For he "has put everything under his feet." Now when it says that "everything" has been put under him, it is clear that this does not include God himself, who put everything under Christ. When he has done this, then the Son himself will be made subject to him who put everything under him, so that God may be all in all.
Paul declares that God put everything under Christ, except God himself. Instead God rules all things through Christ. (remember: “through him all things were made.”)

12. Hebrews 1:3
The Son is the radiance of God’s glory and the exact representation of his being.
Jesus is the exact representation of his being. I send my representative to Congress. He is not me, myself. He is my representative.

13. Hebrews 4:15 (compared with James 1:13)
For we do not have a high priest who is unable to sympathize with our weaknesses, but we have one who has been tempted in every way, just as we are—yet without sin.
Jesus has been tempted in every way, just as we are, yet he never sinned. See

James 1:13: When tempted, no one should say, God is tempting me. For God cannot be tempted by evil, nor does he tempt.
Jesus was tempted in every way, but God cannot be tempted. This is why Jesus said, “don’t call me good, none are good, only God.”

14. Hebrews 5:7-9
During the days of Jesus' life on earth, he offered up prayers and petitions with loud cries and tears to the one who could save him from death, and he was heard because of his reverent submission. Although he was a son, he learned obedience from what he suffered and, once made perfect, he became the source of eternal salvation for all who obey him
Jesus had to walk a course of faith and obedience in order to achieve perfection. By achieving perfection, Jesus “became” the source of eternal salvation

Contradictions in the bible continue

67. Who was the tenth disciple of Jesus in the list of twelve?

Thaddaeus (Matthew 10: 1-4; Mark 3:13 -19)
Judas son of James is the corresponding name in Lukes gospel (Luke 6:12-16)

68. Jesus saw a man sitat the tax collectors office and called him to be his disciple. What was his name?

Matthew (Matthew 9:9)
Levi (Mark 2:14; Luke 5:27)

69. Was Jesus crucified on the daytime before the Passover meal or the daytime after?

After (Mark 14:12-17)
Before. Before the feast of the Passover (John 1) Judas went out at night (John 13:30). The other disciples thought he was going out to buy supplies to prepare for the Passover meal (John 13:29). When Jesus was arrested, the Jews did not enter Pilates judgment hail because they wanted to stay clean to eat the Passover (John 18:28). When the judgment was pronounced against Jesus, it was about the sixth hour on the day of Preparation for the Passover (John 19:14)

70. Did Jesus pray to The Father to prevent the crucifixion?

Yes. (Matthew 26:39; Mark 14:36; Luke 22:42)
No. (John 12:27)

71. In the gospels which say that Jesus prayed to avoid the cross, how many times did he move away from his disciples to pray?

Three (Matthew 26:36-46 and Mark 14:32-42)
One. No opening is left for another two times. (Luke 22:39-46)

72. Matthew and Mark agree that Jesus went away and prayed three times. What were the words of the second prayer?

Mark does not give the words but he says that the words were the same as the first prayer (Mark 14:3 9)
Matthew gives us the words, and we can see that they are not the same as in the first (Matthew 26:42)

73. What did the centurion say when Jesus dies?

Certainly this man was innocent (Luke 23:47)
Truly this man was the Son of God (Mark 15:39)

74. When Jesus said My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken Me ? in what language did he speak?

Hebrew: the words are Eloi, Eloi ..(Matthew 27:46)
Aramaic: the words are Eloi, Eloi .. (Mark 15:34)

75. According to the gospels, what were the last words of Jesus before he died?

Father, into thy hands I commit my spirit! (Luke 23:46)
"It is finished" (John 19:30)

76. When Jesus entered Capernaum he healed the slave of a centurion. Did the centurion come personally to request Jesus for this?

Yes (Matthew 8:5)
No. He sent some elders of the Jews and his friends (Luke 7:3,6)

77.

Adam was told that if and when he eats the forbidden fruit he would die the same day (Genesis 2:17)
Adam ate the fruit and went on to live to a ripe old age of 930 years (Genesis 5:5)

78.

God decided that the life-span of humans will be limited to 120 years (Genesis 6:3)
Many people born after that lived longer than 120. Arpachshad lived 438 years. His son Shelah lived 433 years. His son Eber lived 464 years, etc. (Genesis 11:12-16)

79. Apart from Jesus did anyone else ascend to heaven?

No (John 3:13)
Yes. And Elijah went up by a whirlwind into heaven (2 Kings 2:11)

80. Who was high priest when David went into the house of God and ate the consecrated bread?

Abiathar (Mark 2:26)
Ahimelech, the father of Abiathar (I Samuel 1:1; 22:20)

81. Was Jesus body wrapped in spices before burial in accordance with Jewish burial customs?

Yes and his female disciples witnessed his burial (John 19:39-40)
No. Jesus was simply wrapped in a linen shroud. Then the women bought and prepared spices so that they may go and anoint him [Jesus) (Mark 16: 1)

82. When did the women buy the spices?

After the Sabbath was past (Mark 16:1)
Before the Sabbath. The women prepared spices and ointments. Then, on the Sabbath they rested according to the commandment (Luke 23:55 to 24:1)

83. At what time of day did the women visit the tomb?

Toward the dawn (Matthew 28: 1)
When the sun had risen (Mark 16:2)

84. What was the purpose for which the women went to the tomb?

To anoint Jesus body with spices (Mark 16: 1; Luke 23:55 to 24: 1)
To see the tomb. Nothing about spices here (Matthew 28: 1)
For no specified reason. In this gospel the wrapping with spices had been done before the Sabbath (John 20: 1)

85. A large stone was placed at the entrance of the tomb. Where was the stone when the women arrived?

They saw that the stone was Rolled back (Mark 16:4) They found the stone rolled away from the tomb (Luke 24:2) They saw that the stone had been taken away from the tomb (John 20:1)
As the women approached, an angel descended from heaven, rolled away the stone, and conversed with the women. Matthew made the women witness the spectacular rolling away of the stone (Matthew 28:1-6)

86. Did anyone tell the women what happened to Jesus body?

Yes. A young man in a white robe (Mark 16:5). Two men ... in dazzling apparel later described as angels (Luke 24:4 and 24:23). An angel - the one who rolled back the stone (Matthew 16:2). In each case the women were told that Jesus had risen from the dead (Matthew 28:7; Mark 16:6; Luke 24:5 footnote)
No. Mary met no one and returned saying, They have taken the Lord out of the tomb, and we do not know where they have laid him (John 20:2)

87. When did Mary Magdelene first meet the resurrected Jesus? And how did she react?

Mary and the other women met Jesus on their way back from their first and only visit to the tomb. They took hold of his feet and worshipped him (Matthew 28:9)
On her second visit to the tomb Mary met Jesus just outside the tomb. When she saw Jesus she did not recognize him. She mistook him for the gardener. She still thinks that Jesus body is laid to rest somewhere and she demands to know where. But when Jesus said her name she at once recognized him and called him Teacher. Jesus said to her, Do not hold me... (John 20:11 to 17)

88. What was Jesus instruction for his disciples?

Tell my brethren to go to Galilee, and there they will see me (Matthew 2 8: 10)
Go to my brethren and say to them, I am ascending to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God (John 20:17)

89. When did the disciples return to Galilee?

Immediately, because when they saw Jesus in Galilee some doubted (Matthew 28:17). This period of uncertainty should not persist
After at least 40 days. That evening the disciples were still in Jerusalem (Luke 24:3 3). Jesus appeared to them there and told them, stay in the city until you are clothed with power from on high (Luke 24:49). He was appearing to them during forty days (Acts 1:3), and charged them not to depart from Jerusalem, but to wait for the promise ... (Acts 1:4)

90. To whom did the Midianites sell Joseph?

To the Ishmaelites (Genesis 37:28)
To Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh (Genesis 37:36)

91. Who brought Joseph to Egypt?

The Ishmaelites bought Joseph and then took Joseph to Egypt (Genesis 37:28)
The Midianites had sold him in Egypt (Genesis 37:36)
Joseph said to his brothers I am your brother, Joseph, whom you sold into Egypt (Genesis 45:4)

92. Does God change his mind?

Yes. The word of the Lord came to Samuel: I repent that I have made Saul King... (I Samuel 15:10 to 11)
No. God will not lie or repent; for he is not a man, that he should repent (I Samuel 15:29)

Yes. And the Lord repented that he had made Saul King over Israel (I Samuel 15:35). Notice that the above three quotes are all from the same chapter of the same book! In addition, the Bible shows that God repented on several other occasions:

i. The Lord was sorry that he made man (Genesis 6:6)

I am sorry that I have made them (Genesis 6:7)

ii. And the Lord repented of the evil which he thought to do to his people (Exodus 32:14).

iii. (Lots of other such references).

93. The Bible says that for each miracle Moses and Aaron demonstrated the magicians did the same by their secret arts. Then comes the following feat:

Moses and Aaron converted all the available water into blood (Exodus 7:20-21)
The magicians did the same (Exodus 7:22). This is impossible, since there would have been no water left to convert into blood.

94. Who killed Goliath?

David (I Samuel 17:23, 50)
Elhanan (2 Samuel 21:19)

95. Who killed Saul?

Saul took his own sword and fell upon it.... Thus Saul died... (I Samuel 31:4-6)
An Amalekite slew him (2 Samuel 1:1- 16)

96. Does every man sin?

Yes. There is no man who does not sin (I Kings 8:46; see also 2 Chronicles 6:36; Proverbs 20:9; Ecclesiastes 7:20; and I John 1:810)
No. True Christians cannot possibly sin, because they are the children of God. Every one who believes that Jesus is the Christ is a child of God.. (I John 5:1). We should be called children of God; and so we are (I John 3: 1). He who loves is born of God (I John 4:7). No one born of God commits sin; for Gods nature abides in him, and he cannot sin because he is born of God (I John 3:9). But, then again, Yes! If we say we have no sin we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us (I John 1:

97. Who will bear whose burden?

Bear one anothers burdens, and so fulfill the law of Christ (Galatians 6:2)
Each man will have to bear his own load (Galatians 6:5)

98. How many disciples did Jesus appear to after his resurrection?

Twelve (I Corinthians 15:5)
Eleven (Matthew 27:3-5 and Acts 1:9-26, see also Matthew 28:16; Mark 16:14 footnote; Luke 24:9; Luke 24:3 3)

99. Where was Jesus three days after his baptism?

After his baptism, the spirit immediately drove him out into the wilderness. And he was in the wilderness forty days ... (Mark 1:12-13)
Next day after the baptism, Jesus selected two disciples. Second day: Jesus went to Galilee - two more disciples. Third day: Jesus was at a wedding feast in Cana in Galilee (see John 1:35; 1:43; 2:1-11)

100. Was baby Jesus life threatened in Jerusalem?

Yes, so Joseph fled with him to Egypt and stayed there until Herod died (Matthew 2:13 23)
No. The family fled nowhere. They calmly presented the child at the Jerusalem temple according to the Jewish customs and returned to Galilee (Luke 2:21-40)

101. When Jesus walked on water how did the disciples respond?

They worshipped him, saying, Truly you are the Son of God (Matthew 14:33)
They were utterly astounded, for they did not understand about the loaves, but their hearts were hardened (Mark 6:51-52)

The op is only being emotional in his response to bishop rather than being factual. Sometimes you feel for someone who is defending a position blindly. If you look closely and ruminate over the facts alleged by bishop you will honestly admit that some of the alleged facts are correct.your defence is as watery as bishop's positions because you speak with emotion rather than backing up your assertions with verifiable facts.
1. There is no single contradiction in the quran. Perhaps you dont know that quran is an arabic word and it is written and read throughout the world in Arabic. To avoid interpolation quran is retained in the original form as it was revealed.Alhamudulilahi, if anybody does any wrong interpretation we can crosscheck the original arabic text which is a living language understands and spoken by many people in the world. This opportunity is not available to the christian. Whatever is given to you in the translation is correct as if jesus speaks english. The versions of bible is full of contradictions, ommissions, additions and substraction.How could a reasonable person justifies the following contradictions. How can one honestly says which version is correct and which is wrong when you dont have the original copy. Comparing quran with bible is a child play.
numerous contradictions in the bible
Contradictions in the Bible:

101 Clear Contradictions in the Bible

Shabir Ally

1. Who incited David to count the fighting men of Israel?

God did (2 Samuel 24: 1)
Satan did (I Chronicles 2 1:1)

2. In that count how many fighting men were found in Israel?

Eight hundred thousand (2 Samuel 24:9)
One million, one hundred thousand (I Chronicles 21:5)

3. How many fighting men were found in Judah?

Five hundred thousand (2 Samuel 24:9)
Four hundred and seventy thousand (I Chronicles 21:5)

4. God sent his prophet to threaten David with how many years of famine?

Seven (2 Samuel 24:13)
Three (I Chronicles 21:12)

5. How old was Ahaziah when he began to rule over Jerusalem?

Twenty-two (2 Kings 8:26)
Forty-two (2 Chronicles 22:2)

6. How old was Jehoiachin when he became king of Jerusalem?

Eighteen (2 Kings 24:
Eight (2 Chronicles 36:9)

7. How long did he rule over Jerusalem?

Three months (2 Kings 24:
Three months and ten days (2 Chronicles 36:9)

8. The chief of the mighty men of David lifted up his spear and killed how many men at one time?

Eight hundred (2 Samuel 23:
Three hundred (I Chronicles 11: 11)

9. When did David bring the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem? Before defeating the Philistines or after?

After (2 Samuel 5 and 6)
Before (I Chronicles 13 and 14)

10. How many pairs of clean animals did God tell Noah to take into the Ark?

Two (Genesis 6:19, 20)
Seven (Genesis 7:2). But despite this last instruction only two pairs went into the ark (Genesis 7:8-9)

11. When David defeated the King of Zobah, how many horsemen did he capture?

One thousand and seven hundred (2 Samuel 8:4)
Seven thousand (I Chronicles 18:4)

12. How many stalls for horses did Solomon have?

Forty thousand (I Kings 4:26)
Four thousand (2 chronicles 9:25)

13. In what year of King Asa's reign did Baasha, King of Israel die?

Twenty-sixth year (I Kings 15:33 - 16:
Still alive in the thirty-sixth year (2 Chronicles 16:1)

14. How many overseers did Solomon appoint for the work of building the temple?

Three thousand six hundred (2 Chronicles 2:2)
Three thousand three hundred (I Kings 5:16)

15. Solomon built a facility containing how many baths?

Two thousand (1 Kings 7:26)
Over three thousand (2 Chronicles 4:5)

16. Of the Israelites who were freed from the Babylonian captivity, how many were the children of Pahrath-Moab?

Two thousand eight hundred and twelve (Ezra 2:6)
Two thousand eight hundred and eighteen (Nehemiah 7:11)

17. How many were the children of Zattu?

Nine hundred and forty-five (Ezra 2:
Eight hundred and forty-five (Nehemiah 7:13)

18. How many were the children of Azgad?

One thousand two hundred and twenty-two (Ezra 2:12)
Two thousand three hundred and twenty-two (Nehemiah 7:17)

19. How many were the children of Adin?

Four hundred and fifty-four (Ezra 2:15)
Six hundred and fifty-five (Nehemiah 7:20)

20. How many were the children of Hashum?

Two hundred and twenty-three (Ezra 2:19)
Three hundred and twenty-eight (Nehemiah 7:22)

21. How many were the children of Bethel and Ai?

Two hundred and twenty-three (Ezra 2:28)
One hundred and twenty-three (Nehemiah 7:32)

22. Ezra 2:64 and Nehemiah 7:66 agree that the total number of the whole assembly was 42,360. Yet the numbers do not add up to anything close. The totals obtained from each book is as follows:

29,818 (Ezra)
31,089 (Nehemiah)

23. How many singers accompanied the assembly?

Two hundred (Ezra 2:65)
Two hundred and forty-five (Nehemiah 7:67)

24. What was the name of King Abijahs mother?

Michaiah, daughter of Uriel of Gibeah (2 Chronicles 13:2)
Maachah, daughter of Absalom (2 Chronicles 11:20) But Absalom had only one daughter whose name was Tamar (2 Samuel 14:27)

25. Did Joshua and the Israelites capture Jerusalem?

Yes (Joshua 10:23, 40)
No (Joshua 15:63)

26. Who was the father of Joseph, husband of Mary?

Jacob (Matthew 1:16)
Hell (Luke 3:23)

27. Jesus descended from which son of David?

Solomon (Matthew 1:6)
Nathan(Luke3:31)

28. Who was the father of Shealtiel?

Jechoniah (Matthew 1:12)
Neri (Luke 3:27)

29. Which son of Zerubbabel was an ancestor of Jesus Christ?

Abiud (Matthew 1: 13)
Rhesa (Luke 3:27) But the seven sons of Zerubbabel are as follows: i.Meshullam, ii. Hananiah, iii. Hashubah, iv. Ohel, v.Berechiah, vi. Hasadiah, viii. Jushabhesed (I Chronicles 3:19, 20). The names Abiud and Rhesa do not fit in anyway.

30. Who was the father of Uzziah?

Joram (Matthew 1:
Amaziah (2 Chronicles 26:1)

31. Who was the father of Jechoniah?

Josiah (Matthew 1:11)
Jeholakim (I Chronicles 3:16)

32. How many generations were there from the Babylonian exile until Christ?

Matthew says fourteen (Matthew 1:17)
But a careful count of the generations reveals only thirteen (see Matthew 1: 12-16)

33. Who was the father of Shelah?

Cainan (Luke 3:35-36)
Arphaxad (Genesis II: 12)

34. Was John the Baptist Elijah who was to come?

Yes (Matthew II: 14, 17:10-13)
No (John 1:19-21)

35. Would Jesus inherit Davids throne?

Yes. So said the angel (Luke 1:32)
No, since he is a descendant of Jehoiakim (see Matthew 1: I 1, I Chronicles 3:16). And Jehoiakim was cursed by God so that none of his descendants can sit upon Davids throne (Jeremiah 36:30)

36. Jesus rode into Jerusalem on how many animals?

One - a colt (Mark 11:7; cf Luke 19:3 5). And they brought the colt to Jesus and threw their garments on it; and he sat upon it.
Two - a colt and an ass (Matthew 21:7). They brought the ass and the colt and put their garments on them and he sat thereon.

37. How did Simon Peter find out that Jesus was the Christ?

By a revelation from heaven (Matthew 16:17)
His brother Andrew told him (John 1:41)

38. Where did Jesus first meet Simon Peter and Andrew?

By the sea of Galilee (Matthew 4:18-22)
On the banks of river Jordan (John 1:42). After that, Jesus decided to go to Galilee (John 1:43)

39. When Jesus met Jairus was Jairus daughter already dead?

Yes. Matthew 9:18 quotes him as saying, My daughter has just died.
No. Mark 5:23 quotes him as saying, My little daughter is at the point of death.

40. Did Jesus allow his disciples to keep a staff on their journey?

Yes (Mark 6:
No (Matthew 10:9; Luke 9:3)

41. Did Herod think that Jesus was John the Baptist?

Yes (Matthew 14:2; Mark 6:16)
No (Luke 9:9)

42. Did John the Baptist recognize Jesus before his baptism?

Yes (Matthew 3:13-14)
No (John 1:32,33)

43. Did John the Baptist recognize Jesus after his baptism?

Yes (John 1:32, 33)
No (Matthew 11:2)

44. According to the Gospel of John, what did Jesus say about bearing his own witness?

If I bear witness to myself, my testimony is not true (John 5:3 1)
Even if I do bear witness to myself, my testimony is true (John 8:14)

45. When Jesus entered Jerusalem did he cleanse the temple that same day?

Yes (Matthew 21:12)
No. He went into the temple and looked around, but since it was very late he did nothing. Instead, he went to Bethany to spend the night and returned the next morning to cleanse the temple (Mark I 1:1- 17)

46. The Gospels say that Jesus cursed a fig tree. Did the tree wither at once?

Yes. (Matthew 21:19)
No. It withered overnight (Mark II: 20)

47. Did Judas kiss Jesus?

Yes (Matthew 26:48-50)
No. Judas could not get close enough to Jesus to kiss him (John 18:3-12)

48. What did Jesus say about Peters denial?

The cock will not crow till you have denied me three times (John 13:38)
Before the cock crows twice you will deny me three times (Mark 14:30) . When the cock crowed once, the three denials were not yet complete (see Mark 14:72). Therefore prediction (a) failed.

49. Did Jesus bear his own cross?

Yes (John 19:17)
No (Matthew 27:31-32)

50. Did Jesus die before the curtain of the temple was torn?

Yes (Matthew 27:50-51; Mark lS:37-38)
No. After the curtain was torn, then Jesus crying with a loud voice, said, Father, into thy hands I commit my spirit! And having said this he breathed his last (Luke 23:45-46)

51. Did Jesus say anything secretly?

No. I have said nothing secretly (John 18:20)
Yes. He did not speak to them without a parable, but privately to his own disciples he explained everything (Mark 4:34). The disciples asked him Why do you speak to them in parables? He said, To you it has been given to know the secrets of the kingdom of heaven, but to them it has not been given (Matthew 13: 1 0-11)

52. Where was Jesus at the sixth hour on the day of the crucifixion?

On the cross (Mark 15:23)
In Pilates court (John 19:14)

53. The gospels say that two thieves were crucified along with Jesus. Did both thieves mock Jesus?

Yes (Mark 15:32)
No. One of them mocked Jesus, the other defended Jesus (Luke 23:43)

54. Did Jesus ascend to Paradise the same day of the crucifixion?

Yes. He said to the thief who defended him, Today you will be with me in Paradise (Luke 23:43)
No. He said to Mary Magdelene two days later, I have not yet ascended to the Father (John 20:17)

55. When Paul was on the road to Damascus he saw a light and heard a voice. Did those who were with him hear the voice?

Yes (Acts9:7)
No (Acts22:9)

56. When Paul saw the light he fell to the ground. Did his traveling companions also fall to the ground?

Yes (Acts 26:14)
No (Acts 9:7)

57. Did the voice spell out on the spot what Pauls duties were to be?

Yes (Acts 26:16-18)
No. The voice commanded Paul to go into the city of Damascus and there he will be told what he must do. (Acts9:7;22: 10)

58. When the Israelites dwelt in Shittin they committed adultery with the daughters of Moab. God struck them with a plague. How many people died in that plague?

Twenty-four thousand (Numbers 25:1 and 9)
Twenty-three thousand (I Corinthians 10:

59. How many members of the house of Jacob came to Egypt?

Seventy souls (Genesis 4 & 27)
Seventy-five souls (Acts 7:14)

60. What did Judas do with the blood money he received for betraying Jesus?

He bought a field (Acts 1: 18)
He threw all of it into the temple and went away. The priests could not put the blood money into the temple treasury, so they used it to buy a field to bury strangers (Matthew 27:5)

61. How did Judas die?

After he threw the money into the temple he went away and hanged himself (Matthew 27:5)
After he bought the field with the price of his evil deed he fell headlong and burst open in the middle and all his bowels gushed out (Acts 1:18)

62. Why is the field called Field of Blood?

Because the priests bought it with the blood money (Matthew 27:
Because of the bloody death of Judas therein (Acts 1:19)

63. Who is a ransom for whom?

The Son of Man came...to give his life as a ransom for many (Mark 10:45). Christ Jesus who gave himself as a ransom for all... (I Timothy 2:5-6)
The wicked is a ransom for the righteous, and the faithless for the upright (Proverbs 21:18)

64. Is the law of Moses useful?

Yes. All scripture is... profitable... (2 Timothy 3:16)
No. . . . A former commandment is set aside because of its weakness and uselessness... (Hebrews 7:18)

65. What was the exact wording on the cross?

This is Jesus the King of the Jews (Matthew 27:37)
The King of the Jews (Mark 15:26)
This is the King of the Jews (Luke 23:38)
Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews (John 19:19)

66. Did Herod want to kill John the Baptist?

Yes (Matthew 14:5)
No. It was Herodias, the wife of Herod who wanted to kill him. But Herod knew that he was a righteous man and kept him safe (Mark 6:20)

67. Who was the tenth disciple of Jesus in the list of twelve?

Thaddaeus (Matthew 10: 1-4; Mark 3:13 -19)
Judas son of James is the corresponding name in Lukes gospel (Luke 6:12-16)

13 Quick Way s to Become Millionaire Through Snail Farming

Snail farming is a very lucrative business with a sure return s of investment s but yet it is one of the neglected farming business in Nigeria. Snail farming provides a good opportunity to make money within a short period of time. However, ignorance has prevented Nigerians from tapping into this second to none business where you can never go bankrupt. Snail farming is a big business; It provides opportunities to many farmers, sellers, middlemen, exporters etc
Many people still believe that snail can only be hand-picked in the bush during the raining season , not knowing that it could be domesticated, reared and sell as a full time business. Some have ventured into the business of Snail farming in the past but because of their lack or inadequate knowledge , they were unable to make head way in the business . Snail farming is a great money making business, therefore, we have no reason to be wallowing in hunger and poverty in Nigeria. Recently , people are rushing to farming in Nigeria but still they neglect this aspect of animal rearing which ironically happen s to be the best form of farming that requires little start-up capital and effort but brings a great return s of investment s . I always encourage people that even if you have fail ed in all endeavor s , t ry snail farmin g and you will never regret do ing so. An ybody who is interested in traveling abroad to search for green pasture should tarry a bit and venture into snail farming where the grass is greener.
Before we delve into the ways by which you can make money in snail farming, you must first know why you must engage in snail farming by learning a bout the reasons why snail farmers never stop doing the business unlike fish farmers that normally stop after 2 or 3 years of business .

Commercial Snails in Nigeria
The most suitable and commmercial snail species for rearing in Nigeria are : Achatina Fulica, Achatina Achatina and the Archachatina Marginata but we normally recommend Achatina Marginata because of its market acceptability and high demand in Nigeria.
Why You Should Start Your Snail Farming now
- Snail farming business i s one of the easiest animal rearing business one can engage in. The business is not saturated yet. Engaging in it means you are helping to protect the extinction of the animal from the wild (forest).
- Snail requires only a small area of land to start with. You can start snail farming from your compound as it is easy to combine with other normal schedule of activities and can easily be managed even by women and children.
- Snails are also a good source of protein. Snails are very popular among weight watchers because they are extremely low in calories and fat. Snail meat is also very beneficial to people suffering from cardiovascular diseases, cancer and people trying to recover from an injury.
- Snail farming is not capital and management intensive, especially when compared to poultry and catfish farming. The feeds are readily available and you can even produce it yourself as snails feed on waste. You can start small from your backyard and grow from there.
- Another interesting thing about rearing snails is that they are in high demand in places like hotels, restaurants, etc. Their feeding materials are cheap and locally available. Edible snails are available all year round especially during raining season. the demand always surpass supply in the raining season let alone in the dry season.
- There is high potential for good returns; it is one of the most profitable investments one can think of. Because snails are hermaphrodites ( having male and female organs), therefore they have the capacity to reproduce prolifically.

Ways you can make money engaging in snail farming business
- One can generate great income in snail farming business as a farmer. Snails could be sold at any age depending on the choice of the farmer. One can decide to sell hatchlings, growers, breeders or table sizes

- The fa rmer may decide not to breed but rather Source for young and middle aged snails from co farmer and then selling after growing them for a few months for profit.


- you can make money by raising an d selling nursery shelter to start-up snail breeders.

- Many snail traders have the challenge of keeping or warehousing their unsold snails. You can make money by providing that warehousing service.

- Consultancy service: An experienced snail farmer can provide consultancy services on snail pen construction and farm management to generate income.


- Small Joint: You can decide to operate a mini boiled peppers snail or fried peppers snail joint and you can be sure to make huge cash.

- You can target a high brow areas and supply directly to individual s or group s in the arears .


- Snail Traders - Snail traders in the local markets usually sell big, medium and small sized snail. You can make cool profit if you buy and stock the big one's and wait for when its scarce to resell back to the snail traders. You can also buy medium size, grow them to become bigger at your farm and resell to the traders for better profit.

- You can sell to Hotels - The Hotels are in huge demand for snails. You can position yourself as a regular supplier. Once they know you always supply at agreed time and period then you are on your way to regular income.

- You can also supply to Restaurants - They also patr onize suppliers of quality . The more restaurants you supply, the bigger your profit will be.

- You can equally target Eateries and barbeque operators - They also patronize suppliers of quality snails.

- Export: you can source for client abroad and export the snail s and make your money in foreign currency

- You can also market your snail s to pharmaceutical and cosmetic companies that use snail slime for drugs and cosmetics

In conclusion, Snail farming is a slow but stable way of making money. I make bold to say that snail farming business is a highly lucrative business guaranteed to bring you a huge source of income within a short period of time. Decide which aspect of snail farming is the best for you and Start now even if it is with a few snails.

Simple steps to write your will without a lawyer
Writing a will is not a rocket science, therefore, anybody who follows this article and understands it will be able to write his own will without stress. T his article intends to explain the procedure of writing a valid will in Nigeria with reference to the testator, content, the beneficiaries and forms of writing it . It is also the intent of the writer of this article to arouse awareness in people about the inevitability of death and the need to write one ’ s will before death comes knocking to avoid using the properties against the intent of the owner of the properties.

WHAT IS A WILL?
A will is an instrument by which a person makes disposition of his real estate and personal property, to take effect after his death. A will could be revoked or amended by the maker during his life time as many times as he wishes. The one who writes a Will is known in law as a Testator .
T he LAST WILL and TESTAMENT is the last will made by the testator before his demise. The last will revoke s the previous will. The need to revoke a previous will and make a new one usually occurs where the testator intends to change the way his property should be distributed after his death. Where the testator intends to add some things to the will he might just prepare an addendum called codicil.
A Will states what will happen to the testator’s assets after his death. This includes, but is not limited to, your estate, property, possessions, money and children. The consequences of not having a will are quite serious .
A Statutory Will is one made in accordance with the provisions of the relevant statutes in force. Some of the relevant laws governing Will in Nigeria include the Wills Act 1837, Wills Act Amendment Act 1852, Wills Law of Lagos State etc.

THE REQUIREMENTS OF A VALID WILL IN NIGERIA
1 ) A Will must be in writing by virtue of the provision of Section 9 of the Wills Act. The essence of the requirement of a will to be in writing is to prevent fraud. You can also find this provision in section 4 of the Wills Law of Lagos State which also requires a will to be in writing .

2 ) . Testamentary Capacity
The maker of the will must also have testamentary capacity both at the time of giving the instructions to write his will and the time of the execution (signing) of the will for the will to be valid in Nigeria. Testamentary capacity means mental competence to make a will. The testator must also understand that he is making a will, know the nature and extent of his property and be able to recall the people who might be expected to benefit from his estate. These are necessary and incidental to ascertain whether or not the testator was of a sound mind, memory and understanding at the time of making the will.

3 ) . Everybody of age Can Make a Will
Every adult person may make will in English form. The momen t a person is of age and has properties both real and personal to pass to a fa vored and preferred beneficiary, then he is qualified to write a Will. The age of adulthood is a matter of law provided in the Will Law applicable to the testator’s place of domicile . S ection 3 of the Wills Act provides that “It shall be lawful for every person to devise, bequeath, all properties or dispose of, by his Will executed in manner hereinafter required, all real estate and all personal estate which he shall be entitled to, either at law or in equity, at the time of his death, and which, if not so devised, bequeathed or disposed of, would devolve upon the heir at law…”. This simply means that every person can make a will and bequeath all property whether real estate (landed property) or personal estate (chattels or goods) to anybody after certain c ondition precedents are met.

5 ). For the will to be valid in Nigeria, It m ust be signed by the maker in the presence of at least two witnesses . Signature for this purpose may be a cross, an initial, rubber stamp or a name or signature. A thumb print can also be accepted. Where an illiterate executes a Will, an attestation clause called illiterate jurat should be inserted asserting that the contents of the Will had first been read over to the illiterate Testator who appeared perfectly to understand and approve of same. Same applies to a blind person.

6 ) The signature of the Testator may be acknowledged. As alternative to signing his signature, the Testator can acknowledge his signature and the law allows it and regards it as valid provided that other conditions are met.

7 )The position of the signature must be at the end of all the disposition such as to ensure that the Testator intends to give effect to the W ill with his signature. It is to be noted that a ny disposition or directive coming after a signatu re will be null and void.

8 ) The Will must be signed by the Testator or someone else in his presence and at his direction (or acknowledged by the Testator) in the presence of at least two witnesses present at the same time. In the presence of witnesses, means actual visual presence of two of the witnesses. It is a strict rule that must be complied with, else the Will will be voided. On no account should the witnesses attest to what they have not seen or witnessed. Therefore , they must see the Testator sign his signature or acknowledge his signature. The witnesses must see the signature before their own attestation.
9) A testator can make changes in his will while he is alive through a mini-will called codicil. Codicils is annexed to or supplemental to or related to a Will previously executed. Codicil is necessary to achieve some or all of the following:
- To correct the previous Will
- To take care of newly acquired properties
- To correct a clerical error in the previous will
- To replace or appoint new executors.
In conclusion, e ven though there is no rule that prescribes that ‘will’ must be prepared by a lawyer, It is our candid advice that anyone who intends t o write a Will should consult a lawyer who is skillful in the act of writing of a Will so that the ‘will’ will conform with the requirements of validity and also ensure that the Will is deposited at the appropriate Probate Registry in the State because a probate is made after all the requirements of a valid will is satisfied.

Simple steps to write your will without a lawyer
Writing a will is not a rocket science, therefore, anybody who follows this article and understands it will be able to write his own will without stress. T his article intends to explain the procedure of writing a valid will in Nigeria with reference to the testator, content, the beneficiaries and forms of writing it . It is also the intent of the writer of this article to arouse awareness in people about the inevitability of death and the need to write one ’ s will before death comes knocking to avoid using the properties against the intent of the owner of the properties.

WHAT IS A WILL?
A will is an instrument by which a person makes disposition of his real estate and personal property, to take effect after his death. A will could be revoked or amended by the maker during his life time as many times as he wishes. The one who writes a Will is known in law as a Testator .
T he LAST WILL and TESTAMENT is the last will made by the testator before his demise. The last will revoke s the previous will. The need to revoke a previous will and make a new one usually occurs where the testator intends to change the way his property should be distributed after his death. Where the testator intends to add some things to the will he might just prepare an addendum called codicil.
A Will states what will happen to the testator’s assets after his death. This includes, but is not limited to, your estate, property, possessions, money and children. The consequences of not having a will are quite serious .
A Statutory Will is one made in accordance with the provisions of the relevant statutes in force. Some of the relevant laws governing Will in Nigeria include the Wills Act 1837, Wills Act Amendment Act 1852, Wills Law of Lagos State etc.

THE REQUIREMENTS OF A VALID WILL IN NIGERIA
1 ) A Will must be in writing by virtue of the provision of Section 9 of the Wills Act. The essence of the requirement of a will to be in writing is to prevent fraud. You can also find this provision in section 4 of the Wills Law of Lagos State which also requires a will to be in writing .

2 ) . Testamentary Capacity
The maker of the will must also have testamentary capacity both at the time of giving the instructions to write his will and the time of the execution (signing) of the will for the will to be valid in Nigeria. Testamentary capacity means mental competence to make a will. The testator must also understand that he is making a will, know the nature and extent of his property and be able to recall the people who might be expected to benefit from his estate. These are necessary and incidental to ascertain whether or not the testator was of a sound mind, memory and understanding at the time of making the will.

3 ) . Everybody of age Can Make a Will
Every adult person may make will in English form. The momen t a person is of age and has properties both real and personal to pass to a fa vored and preferred beneficiary, then he is qualified to write a Will. The age of adulthood is a matter of law provided in the Will Law applicable to the testator’s place of domicile . S ection 3 of the Wills Act provides that “It shall be lawful for every person to devise, bequeath, all properties or dispose of, by his Will executed in manner hereinafter required, all real estate and all personal estate which he shall be entitled to, either at law or in equity, at the time of his death, and which, if not so devised, bequeathed or disposed of, would devolve upon the heir at law…”. This simply means that every person can make a will and bequeath all property whether real estate (landed property) or personal estate (chattels or goods) to anybody after certain c ondition precedents are met.

5 ). For the will to be valid in Nigeria, It m ust be signed by the maker in the presence of at least two witnesses . Signature for this purpose may be a cross, an initial, rubber stamp or a name or signature. A thumb print can also be accepted. Where an illiterate executes a Will, an attestation clause called illiterate jurat should be inserted asserting that the contents of the Will had first been read over to the illiterate Testator who appeared perfectly to understand and approve of same. Same applies to a blind person.

6 ) The signature of the Testator may be acknowledged. As alternative to signing his signature, the Testator can acknowledge his signature and the law allows it and regards it as valid provided that other conditions are met.

7 )The position of the signature must be at the end of all the disposition such as to ensure that the Testator intends to give effect to the W ill with his signature. It is to be noted that a ny disposition or directive coming after a signatu re will be null and void.

8 ) The Will must be signed by the Testator or someone else in his presence and at his direction (or acknowledged by the Testator) in the presence of at least two witnesses present at the same time. In the presence of witnesses, means actual visual presence of two of the witnesses. It is a strict rule that must be complied with, else the Will will be voided. On no account should the witnesses attest to what they have not seen or witnessed. Therefore , they must see the Testator sign his signature or acknowledge his signature. The witnesses must see the signature before their own attestation.
9) A testator can make changes in his will while he is alive through a mini-will called codicil. Codicils is annexed to or supplemental to or related to a Will previously executed. Codicil is necessary to achieve some or all of the following:
- To correct the previous Will
- To take care of newly acquired properties
- To correct a clerical error in the previous will
- To replace or appoint new executors.
In conclusion, e ven though there is no rule that prescribes that ‘will’ must be prepared by a lawyer, It is our candid advice that anyone who intends t o write a Will should consult a lawyer who is skillful in the act of writing of a Will so that the ‘will’ will conform with the requirements of validity and also ensure that the Will is deposited at the appropriate Probate Registry in the State because a probate is made after all the requirements of a valid will is satisfied.

How Muslims should write their wills in accordance with Islamic Law
Writing a will under Islamic law varies greatly with that under English law both in form and in substance. Therefore, this article intends to explain the procedure of writing a will under Islamic law with reference to the testator, content, the bequeath, the legatee and forms of writing it . It is also the intent of the writer of this article to arouse awareness in people about the inevitability of death and the need to write one ’ s will before death comes knocking to avoid using the properties against the intent of the owner of the properties.

Will in Islam
A will , simply put , is instructions on how one’s property is to be disposed of after one’s death, or how it is to be given away after one’s death. Islam ic will is called al-wasiyya. The will is executed after payment of funeral expenses and any outstanding debts [al-Nisa’ 4:11] . The one who makes a will (wasiyya) i s called a testator (al-musi). T he one on whose behalf a will is made is generally referred to as a testatee (al-musa lahu). Th e evidence that ‘ will ’ is prescribed in Islam is to be found in the Qur’aan and Sunnah, and the consens us of the scholars.

THE TESTATOR (AL-MUSI)
E very adult Muslim with reasoning ability has the legal capacity to make a will. An adult for this purpose is someone who has reached puberty. Evidence of puberty is menstruation in girls and night pollution (wet dreams) in boys. In the absence of evidence, puberty is presumed at the completion of the age of fifteen ye ars. However, u nder English Law , he must be at least 18 years of age to make a valid will unless he is a military officer in which case you may ma ke a valid will at the age lower than that .
T he testator must have the legal capacity to dispose of whatever he bequests in his will. When making a will the testator must be of sane mind, he must not be under any compulsion and he must understand the nature and effect of his testamentary act. The testator must of course own whatever he bequests.
Executor of the will
The executor of the will is the manager of the estate appointed by the testator. the executor has to carry out the wishes of the testator according to Islamic law, to watch the interests of the children and of the estate. The executor should be trustworthy, truthful and just.

OBLIGATORY WILL UNDER ISLAM
Writing a will may be obligatory with regard to the dues of others where there is no proof, lest they be lost or neglected, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “It is not permissible for any Muslim who has something to will to stay for two nights without having his last will and testament written and kept ready with him.” (Narrated by al-Bukhaari, al-Wasa ayaa 2533). And it is allowed for a man to will that some of his wealth be used for charitable purposes, so that the reward for that may reach him af ter his death.

LIMITATION TO WILL WRITING IN ISLAM.
No Muslim is allowed to distribute his properties the way he/she likes because the sharia has made provision for the distribution of the testators’ estate to the heir s . T he testator cannot make a bequest in favour of a legal heir un der sharia . Legal heir in this context is one who is a legal heir at th e time of death of the testator i.e those that are prescribed by sharia as entitled to inherit the deceased ’s properties. The percentage and mode of sharing is prescribed by the qur’an and Sunnah. It is considered to be a major sin for a Muslim to distribute his properties to his heirs in his will. The testator cannot disinherit somebody that is not disinherited by the sharia . With regard to the distribution of personal belongings, he does not have the right to state how they should be distributed after he dies, because the share of each heir has been defined by the Sharia ( Su rat al-Nisaa Q4 v. 11-14)

PERMISSIBILITY OF DISTRIBUTING 1/3 OF A MUSLIM’S PROPERTY IN HIS WILL
A Muslim is permitted to write a will concerning one third or less of his properties . The Prophet (peace and bless ings of Allaah be upon him) is reported as saying :
“All ah was being generous to you when He allowed you to give one-third of your wealth (in charity) when you di e, to increase your good deeds” ( Narrated by Ibn Maajah, al-Wasaayaa, 2700
This does not apply to any of the heirs, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) is reported as saying : “There is no will for the heirs.” (narrated by al-Tirm idhi, al-Wasaayaa, 2047.

MODE OF WILL WRITING IN ISLAM
The Islamic will includes both bequests and legacies, instructions and admonishments, and assignments of rights. N o specific wording is necessary for making a will under Islamic law . In Islamic law the will , (wasiyya) can be oral or written, and the intention of the testator must be clear that the wasiyya is t o be executed after his death. A ny expression which signifies the intention of the testator is sufficient for the purpose of constituting a bequest.

WILL IS REVOCABLE IN ISLAM BY THE TESTATOR
The will comes into effect when the person dies. It is permissible for the person who writes the will to revoke it or cancel it or revoke p art of it.

REQUIRED WITNESS (S)
T here should be two witnesses to the declaration of the wasiyya. A written wasiyya where there are no witnesses to an oral declaration is valid if it is written in the known handwriting/signature of the testator .

INHERITANCE IN ISLAM.
The issue of distribution of the deceased’s estate according to the prescription of the qur’an and Sunnah is obligatory in Islam . To act contrary to what Allah instructs in the Quran as regard law of inheritance is seen as disobedience to Allah , the act of which attract s punishment from Al lah . Allah ends the aayah regar ding law of inheritance with the following Verses:

Q4 v.13. These are the limits (set by) Allaah (or ordainments as regards laws of inheritance), and whosoever obeys Allaah and His Messenger (Muhammad) will be admitted to Gardens under which rivers flow (in Paradise), to abide therein, and that will be the great success.
Q4 v.14 And whosoever disobeys Allaah and His Messenger (Muhammad), and transgresses His limits, He will cast him into the Fire, to abide therein; and he shall have a dis graceful torment” (al-Nisaa’ 4:13 -14 )

In conclusion the issue of distribution of estate of a deceased according to Islamic law is handled by Islamic scholars who are experts in the field

Reasons why Landlords/investors lose their investment on rental property

Whether or not investors/ landlords of rental properties will be successful and have reliable return s of their investment s is dependent on Selecting reliable te n an ts , who will meet their contractual obligations for both the payment of rent and maintenance of the prope rty . However , many landlord s end up not being able to recoup their investment s on rental properties because of Bad tenants – those who do not meet these obligations. Hence, people are afraid of investing in rental properties. The main aim of this article is to point out the avoidable mistakes that costs landlords the return of their investments on rental property and to enlight en landlord s / would be landlord s on how to manage rental apartment successfully. This article is based on our e xperience over the years as property lawyer s.

1. Acceptin g a new tenant without careful and thorough screening.
The most serious and costly danger to a landlord is having a tenant who stops paying rent and uses legal ta ctics to delay eviction. Landlords have to do due diligence by check ing with former landlords . The tena nt’s income has to be checked from his employer . Very often, tenants are selected on their personal appearance and on very basic and often difficult to corroborate personal reference information .

2. Not Using a Lease / Tenancy Agreement
Another mistake that landlords/investors in rental properties make is not to have a written lease/ tenancy agreement, which will clearly state the terms of tenancy/lease agreement between the parties, signed by the tenant. Where there is no written agreement the provisions in various tenancy law of a state where the property is situated will dictate the terms of the agreement, which may not be favourable to the landlord. By Lease/Tenancy Agreement, the landlord will be able to put t erms and conditions that are favo u rable to him.

3. Charging very high and exorbitant rent

Most of the time , the landlords base the rent on the amount they spent on the property rather than the average rental value in the area where the property is situated. This is one of the reasons why many rental properties remain vacant and unoccupied for years and this results in loss of expected and projected income . Inflated rent will lead to reduction in the number of potential tenants. The majority of tenants have a very good idea of current renta l values and charging a comparatively fair rent will create the opportunit y to have a greater selection from prospective tenants .

4. Delay of Eviction/recovery of premises process.
Failure to issue necessary statutory notices for recovery of premise s immediately after the rent of tenants ex pires and refuses to renew. Once you get a tenant that starts paying late then you should issue required statutory quit notices and commence recovery process unless the tenant is ready to regularize.

5. Not carrying out periodic inspection on the property .
Some landlords or their attorney fail to conduct periodic inspection on the property so as not to bother the tenant or intrude in the tenant’s privacy. It is business wise for the landlord to inspect his property to ascertain that that house is being properly maintained and not being destroyed. This will save the landlord a lot of money and headaches in the long run.

6. Wrong Termination / Eviction Procedure s .
Landlords who follow the wrong procedures when terminating the lease /tenancy end up losing a lot of expected income , f or instance , where a shortage required statutory notice is given or the notice given is not in writing or the notice is defective in law. There are procedures which must be followed if the landlord s wish to evict a tenant. It is better to get a property lawyer to handle the recovery process to avoid costly mistakes which could lead to loss of revenue.

7. C aution fee / service charges .
Another mistake investor in rental property makes is not to collect specific amount as caution fee which will serve as a security where the tenant destroys the property . Service charges collected from the tenant at the point of packing in into the property will be used to maintain and to service amenities in the premises that are commonly used by the tenants.


8. Friendships with the tenant
When the relationship between landlord and the tenant is too cordial it makes it practically difficult to take action if the tenant breaches the terms in the lease/tenancy agreement . Leasing a property is a commercial arrangement and landlords should take a professional app roach to leasing their properties.


9. Maintenance problems.

A landlord/investor who intends to retain good tenants should be responsive whenever t here is repair work to be done o n the property. Maintenance problems should be addressed quickly to ensure good tenants remain happy. Landlords who argue with tenants over maintenance problems may find it difficult to retain good tenants or maintain regular rental payments from their tenants. Failure to carry out a repair may cause tenants to delay payment of rent.

10. Fighting with tenant s .
When dea ling with tenants, the landlord / in vestor must be professional courteous and should be able to keep his temper. An investor /landlord that could not keep his temper should hire a solicitor to manage the property for him. Aggressive landlord will scare the tenant away and the landlord may lose a lot of income as a result of this.

11. Refusing to hire a lawyer when landlord/investor has problem with his tenant
Some landlord instead of involving a property lawyer who has experience in tenancy law to handle his matter when he has problem with his tenants , get into more problems by taking law into his hands. It is only the lawyer that knows the technicalities involves and t he legal remedies available to the landlord that could handle such a problem with professionalism.

In conclusion, for landlords/investors in rental property to get value f or their investment, they would have to get a good manager/attorney who has experience and required expertise in tenancy law to handle it.

Reasons why Landlords/investors lose their investment on rental property

Whether or not investors/ landlords of rental properties will be successful and have reliable return s of their investment s is dependent on Selecting reliable te n an ts , who will meet their contractual obligations for both the payment of rent and maintenance of the prope rty . However , many landlord s end up not being able to recoup their investment s on rental properties because of Bad tenants – those who do not meet these obligations. Hence, people are afraid of investing in rental properties. The main aim of this article is to point out the avoidable mistakes that costs landlords the return of their investments on rental property and to enlight en landlord s / would be landlord s on how to manage rental apartment successfully. This article is based on our e xperience over the years as property lawyer s.


1. Acceptin g a new tenant without careful and thorough screening.
The most serious and costly danger to a landlord is having a tenant who stops paying rent and uses legal ta ctics to delay eviction. Landlords have to do due diligence by check ing with former landlords . The tena nt’s income has to be checked from his employer . Very often, tenants are selected on their personal appearance and on very basic and often difficult to corroborate personal reference information .


2. Not Using a Lease / Tenancy Agreement
Another mistake that landlords/investors in rental properties make is not to have a written lease/ tenancy agreement, which will clearly state the terms of tenancy/lease agreement between the parties, signed by the tenant. Where there is no written agreement the provisions in various tenancy law of a state where the property is situated will dictate the terms of the agreement, which may not be favourable to the landlord. By Lease/Tenancy Agreement, the landlord will be able to put t erms and conditions that are favo u rable to him.


3. Charging very high and exorbitant rent

Most of the time , the landlords base the rent on the amount they spent on the property rather than the average rental value in the area where the property is situated. This is one of the reasons why many rental properties remain vacant and unoccupied for years and this results in loss of expected and projected income . Inflated rent will lead to reduction in the number of potential tenants. The majority of tenants have a very good idea of current renta l values and charging a comparatively fair rent will create the opportunit y to have a greater selection from prospective tenants .

4. Delay of Eviction/recovery of premises process.
Failure to issue necessary statutory notices for recovery of premise s immediately after the rent of tenants ex pires and refuses to renew. Once you get a tenant that starts paying late then you should issue required statutory quit notices and commence recovery process unless the tenant is ready to regularize.

5. Not carrying out periodic inspection on the property .
Some landlords or their attorney fail to conduct periodic inspection on the property so as not to bother the tenant or intrude in the tenant’s privacy. It is business wise for the landlord to inspect his property to ascertain that that house is being properly maintained and not being destroyed. This will save the landlord a lot of money and headaches in the long run.

6. Wrong Termination / Eviction Procedure s .
Landlords who follow the wrong procedures when terminating the lease /tenancy end up losing a lot of expected income , f or instance , where a shortage required statutory notice is given or the notice given is not in writing or the notice is defective in law. There are procedures which must be followed if the landlord s wish to evict a tenant. It is better to get a property lawyer to handle the recovery process to avoid costly mistakes which could lead to loss of revenue.

7. C aution fee / service charges .
Another mistake investor in rental property makes is not to collect specific amount as caution fee which will serve as a security where the tenant destroys the property . Service charges collected from the tenant at the point of packing in into the property will be used to maintain and to service amenities in the premises that are commonly used by the tenants.


8. Friendships with the tenant
When the relationship between landlord and the tenant is too cordial it makes it practically difficult to take action if the tenant breaches the terms in the lease/tenancy agreement . Leasing a property is a commercial arrangement and landlords should take a professional app roach to leasing their properties.


9. Maintenance problems.

A landlord/investor who intends to retain good tenants should be responsive whenever t here is repair work to be done o n the property. Maintenance problems should be addressed quickly to ensure good tenants remain happy. Landlords who argue with tenants over maintenance problems may find it difficult to retain good tenants or maintain regular rental payments from their tenants. Failure to carry out a repair may cause tenants to delay payment of rent.

10. Fighting with tenant s .
When dea ling with tenants, the landlord / in vestor must be professional courteous and should be able to keep his temper. An investor /landlord that could not keep his temper should hire a solicitor to manage the property for him. Aggressive landlord will scare the tenant away and the landlord may lose a lot of income as a result of this.

11. Refusing to hire a lawyer when landlord/investor has problem with his tenant
Some landlord instead of involving a property lawyer who has experience in tenancy law to handle his matter when he has problem with his tenants , get into more problems by taking law into his hands. It is only the lawyer that knows the technicalities involves and t he legal remedies available to the landlord that could handle such a problem with professionalism.

In conclusion, for landlords/investors in rental property to get value f or their investment, they would have to get a good manager/attorney who has experience and required expertise in tenancy law to handle it.

REASONS WHY EMPLOYERS COULD SACK EMPLOYEES IN NIGERIA WITHOUT PRIO NOTICE OR ENTITLEMENT S
The usual question asked by an employee whose appointment is terminated is why his appointment was terminated without his employer giving him any cogent reason for doing so notwithstanding that he has served the company diligently for a long period of time. This engenders writing of this article to explain the reasons why employers terminate the appointment s of employe es in Nigeria without giving any reason .
To be candid, employees in a private establishment in Nigeria are working at the mercy of their employer s . The employer s adopt the Yoruba adage that says, ‘ ila kii ga ju onire lo’ meaning t hat no matter how tall okro plant is , the farmer bends it with ease to pluck its fruits’ . This brings us to the legal perspective of an employer vis-à-vis employee relationship in a private employment.

Type of employment
There are two types of employment:
2. Employment without Statutory flavo u r
3. Employment with statutory flavo u r

Difference between Employment without Statutory flavo u r and Employment with statutory flavo u r
This difference is clearly explained in the case of C.B.N V. Igwillo (2007) All FWLR part 397 Sc page 1385 at pg 1401 para c as follows
‘ an employment is said to have statutory flavor when the appointment is protected by statute or laid down regulations made to govern the procedure for employment and discipline of an employee. Any other employment outside that category is govern by the terms under which the parties agreed to be master and servant ’
The import of the decision of the supreme court above is that an employer in a private employment is the MASTER while an employee is the SERVANT. So, the relationship between the employer and employee in a private employment is regulated largely by their terms of contract.
These terms of employments are contained in the policy of the company. Even though the terms the rein are solely drafted by the employer withou t the employee’s input, yet once he accept s and sign s the offer , then it becomes binding on him .

What if the terms are one sided and harsh on the employee?
No matter how harsh a law is, it will remain a good law until it is repealed. It is not the function of the court to rewrite an agreement for parties but rather to give effect to the letter and spirit of the agreement. If an employee agree s with his employer that he will be working for 22 hours in a day, so be it.
Can a dedicated employee’s employment be wrongfully terminated without any reason?
Can court order reinstatement in an employment with private establishment?
A fri end of mine working for a private firm called me some months ago and he was very sad when he narrated his ordeal. According to him he has been working for a company for some years and he was very dedicated. He said that he had the feeling that his employer wanted to wrongfully dismiss him. He asked me what were his rights because he had done a lot for the company. I told him that I don’t know but what I do know is that his emplo yer has the right to dismiss him for no reason at all. He asked me if I was kidding then I told him that if I was kidding then I learnt it from the Supreme court case of Ativie V. KNL (2008) vol 8 MJSC 82 page 99 para G-A where the court held as follows:
“the law is settled that the court will not compel an unwilling employer to retain any worker. Similarly, an employer is not bound to give any reason for terminating the appointment of a servant where such employment is not one with statutory flavour ’

What is the difference between wrongful dismissal and unlawful dismissal?
The dismissal of an employee in a private establishment can only be, at worst , wrongful, which can lead to award of damages against the employer, however, the dismissal can never be unlawful which can lead to reinstatement.

Reasons why employers in private companies prefer to dismiss their employee without giving reason.
It is safer for an employer to terminate the employment of an emplo yee by simply stating that his service is no more required than stating the reason if it borders on allegation of fraud or any criminal matter. This is because if an employee is alleged for any criminal related matter he must be given fair hearing to explain his own side in line with provision of the constitution. This is to avoid future litigation as to whether the dismissal is wrongful or otherwise .
However, where the employment policy of a company provides ways and procedure of terminating the employment of an employee then that must be followed.
The only remedies availab le to an employee of a private company that is wrongly terminated are damages, his benefits in the company and arears of salary if there is any.

EMPLOYMENT WITH STATUTORY FLAVOUR
Most of the civil service employment is with statutory flavo u r which means that the appointment is protected by statute or laid down regulations made to govern the procedure for employment and discipline of an employee.
Where a civil servan t’s appointment is unlawfully termi nated without following the laid down procedure, the court will order reinstatement of such an employee in addition to award of damages against his employer.
When can a dismissed civil servant seek redress in court?
Seeking redress by a civil servant against unlawful dismissal has time limitation. Once it is a day longer than 3 months after the termination of his appointment then the action is statute barred. This means that his case could not be entertained in court and it is bound to be dismissed if filed in court. This is the provision of section 2 a of public officers’ protection Act :
4. Where any action, prosecution, or other proceeding is commenced against any person for any act done in pursuance or execution or intended execution of any Act or Law or of any public duty or authority, or in respect of any alleged neglect or default in the execution of any such Act, Law, duty or authority, the following provisions shall have effect ‑
Limitation of time.
(a) the action, prosecution, or proceeding shall not lie or be instituted unless it is commenced within THREE MONTHS next after the act, neglect or default complained of, or in case of a continuance of damage or injury, within three months next after the ceasing thereof:

In conclusion, it is clear from the above that the employment of a civil servant is pro tected by law while the relationship between employers/ employee s in a private company is regulated by their agreement.

REASONS WHY EMPLOYERS COULD SACK EMPLOYEES IN NIGERIA WITHOUT PRIO NOTICE OR ENTITLEMENT S
The usual question asked by an employee whose appointment is terminated is why his appointment was terminated without his employer giving him any cogent reason for doing so notwithstanding that he has served the company diligently for a long period of time. This engenders writing of this article to explain the reasons why employers terminate the appointment s of employe es in Nigeria without giving any reason .
To be candid, employees in a private establishment in Nigeria are working at the mercy of their employer s . The employer s adopt the Yoruba adage that says, ‘ ila kii ga ju onire lo’ meaning t hat no matter how tall okro plant is , the farmer bends it with ease to pluck its fruits’ . This brings us to the legal perspective of an employer vis-à-vis employee relationship in a private employment.

Type of employment
There are two types of employment:
2. Employment without Statutory flavo u r
3. Employment with statutory flavo u r

Difference between Employment without Statutory flavo u r and Employment with statutory flavo u r
This difference is clearly explained in the case of C.B.N V. Igwillo (2007) All FWLR part 397 Sc page 1385 at pg 1401 para c as follows
‘ an employment is said to have statutory flavor when the appointment is protected by statute or laid down regulations made to govern the procedure for employment and discipline of an employee. Any other employment outside that category is govern by the terms under which the parties agreed to be master and servant ’
The import of the decision of the supreme court above is that an employer in a private employment is the MASTER while an employee is the SERVANT. So, the relationship between the employer and employee in a private employment is regulated largely by their terms of contract.
These terms of employments are contained in the policy of the company. Even though the terms the rein are solely drafted by the employer withou t the employee’s input, yet once he accept s and sign s the offer , then it becomes binding on him .

What if the terms are one sided and harsh on the employee?
No matter how harsh a law is, it will remain a good law until it is repealed. It is not the function of the court to rewrite an agreement for parties but rather to give effect to the letter and spirit of the agreement. If an employee agree s with his employer that he will be working for 22 hours in a day, so be it.
Can a dedicated employee’s employment be wrongfully terminated without any reason?
Can court order reinstatement in an employment with private establishment?
A fri end of mine working for a private firm called me some months ago and he was very sad when he narrated his ordeal. According to him he has been working for a company for some years and he was very dedicated. He said that he had the feeling that his employer wanted to wrongfully dismiss him. He asked me what were his rights because he had done a lot for the company. I told him that I don’t know but what I do know is that his emplo yer has the right to dismiss him for no reason at all. He asked me if I was kidding then I told him that if I was kidding then I learnt it from the Supreme court case of Ativie V. KNL (2008) vol 8 MJSC 82 page 99 para G-A where the court held as follows:
“the law is settled that the court will not compel an unwilling employer to retain any worker. Similarly, an employer is not bound to give any reason for terminating the appointment of a servant where such employment is not one with statutory flavour ’

What is the difference between wrongful dismissal and unlawful dismissal?
The dismissal of an employee in a private establishment can only be, at worst , wrongful, which can lead to award of damages against the employer, however, the dismissal can never be unlawful which can lead to reinstatement.

Reasons why employers in private companies prefer to dismiss their employee without giving reason.
It is safer for an employer to terminate the employment of an emplo yee by simply stating that his service is no more required than stating the reason if it borders on allegation of fraud or any criminal matter. This is because if an employee is alleged for any criminal related matter he must be given fair hearing to explain his own side in line with provision of the constitution. This is to avoid future litigation as to whether the dismissal is wrongful or otherwise .
However, where the employment policy of a company provides ways and procedure of terminating the employment of an employee then that must be followed.
The only remedies availab le to an employee of a private company that is wrongly terminated are damages, his benefits in the company and arears of salary if there is any.

EMPLOYMENT WITH STATUTORY FLAVOUR
Most of the civil service employment is with statutory flavo u r which means that the appointment is protected by statute or laid down regulations made to govern the procedure for employment and discipline of an employee.
Where a civil servan t’s appointment is unlawfully termi nated without following the laid down procedure, the court will order reinstatement of such an employee in addition to award of damages against his employer.
When can a dismissed civil servant seek redress in court?
Seeking redress by a civil servant against unlawful dismissal has time limitation. Once it is a day longer than 3 months after the termination of his appointment then the action is statute barred. This means that his case could not be entertained in court and it is bound to be dismissed if filed in court. This is the provision of section 2 a of public officers’ protection Act :
4. Where any action, prosecution, or other proceeding is commenced against any person for any act done in pursuance or execution or intended execution of any Act or Law or of any public duty or authority, or in respect of any alleged neglect or default in the execution of any such Act, Law, duty or authority, the following provisions shall have effect ‑
Limitation of time.
(a) the action, prosecution, or proceeding shall not lie or be instituted unless it is commenced within THREE MONTHS next after the act, neglect or default complained of, or in case of a continuance of damage or injury, within three months next after the ceasing thereof:

In conclusion, it is clear from the above that the employment of a civil servant is pro tected by law while the relationship between employers/ employee s in a private company is regulated by their agreement.

12 REASONS WHY YOU MUST WRITE YOUR WILL NOW
Death is an inevitable end but most people ignore its reality and pretend as if they are in the know of when the uninvited visitor of death will come knocking. Even though nobody can deny the reality of death yet Nigerians are scary of writing their will which will speak for them when their mouths are permanently sealed forever. Nigerians have the erroneous belief that it is only those that are preparing to die or the aged that write will .
WHAT IS A WILL?
A will is an instrument by which a person makes disposition of his real estate and personal property, to take effect after his death. A will could be revoked or amended by the maker during his life time as many times as he wishes. The one who writes a Will is known in law as a Testator .
T he LAST WILL and TESTAMENT is the last will made by the testator before his demise. The last will revoke s the previous will. The need to revoke a previous will and make a new one usually occurs where the testator intends to change the way his property should be distributed after his death. Where the testator intends to add some things to the will he might just prepare an addendum called codicil.
A Will states what will happen to the testator’s assets after his death. This includes, but is not limited to, your estate, property, possessions, money and children. The consequences of not having a will are quite seri ous .
A Statutory Will is one made in accordance with the provisions of the relevant statutes in force. Some of the relevant laws governing Will in Nigeria include the Wills Act 1837, Wills Act Amendment Act 1852, Wills Law of Lagos State etc.
WHO CAN MAKE A WILL?
Every adult person may make will in English form. The momen t a person is of age and has properties both real and personal to pass to a fa vored and prefe r red beneficiary, then he is qualified to write a Will . The age of adulthood is a matter of law provided in the Will Law applicable to the testator’s place of domicile .

The importance of writing will cannot be over emphasized. A man may either die leaving a will which means he died testate or he dies without living a will which means he died intestate .
IMPORTANCE OF A WILL
1. Where a deceased died living a will there is less likelihood of conflict concerning how his estate should be administered. This is a way of protecting one ’ s immediate family against those who may want to reap where they did not sow.

2. ‘Will’ avails the family of the deceased the opportunity to know all the properties that the deceased has, which they might not have known if the deceased died intestate, which could lead to loss of properties into wrong hands.
3. The testator will have the opportunity of deter mining how his property should be distributed. A will exclude s the rule of inheritance in accordance with the administration of estate law which provides the mode of distributing the estate of the person that dies intestate. The problem relating to this is that the mode of distributing the estate may not be according to the intention and wishes of the testator.

4. The testator will have the opportunity in his lifetime to appoint the persons he trusted who will not betray his trust, as his executors to administer his estate at his death.

5. The testator in his lifetime will have the opportunity to gi ve instruction regarding his burial arrangement .

6. The testator by his will may make a donation/ gift to charity, foundation, club, churches or mosque , mother, father or persons that are not related to him by blood but if he dies intestate it is only those that are related to him by blood that can benefit from his estate.


7. The testator may under his will determines who inherits and who should be disinherited according to his wishes and desires. However, where the deceased died without a will, this will not be possible because the administration of estate law which is app licable to a person that dies intestate stipulates how the estate should be distributed and this might be against the desire s and wishes of the deceased.

8. The testator will have the opportunity under his will to appoint a guardian for his infant children that are not independent at the time of his death .

9. Where a person died without a will , t he Intestacy Rules (Administration of E state Law) will decide where the deceased money goes, which can be upsetting for those left behind, who see assets passed on perhaps to estranged family members and even former spouses who will have a claim if there is no will in place.

10. For a deceased person who has no relatives and dies without a will , it can be an even m ore worrisome . In this case , unless long lost relatives can be located, all assets pass to the government, when it could have been left to charities or very dear friends, if only there had been a will.

11. Where the deceased died testate, there will not be a lacuna in the administration of his estate because by operation of law, the executors of the last surviving executor shall continue to administer his estate but where he died intestate, at the death of the last surviving administrator, there shall be need to apply for a new letter of administration to administer the estate.

12. The executors appointed under the will may begin to administer the estate in accordance with the wishes of the deceased immediately after his death and before the letter of probate is granted, because their authority flows from the will but where the deceased died without a will, the person al representatives must wait for the Letter of administration before administering the estate of the deceased because their authority is derived from the letter of administration.
CONCLUSION
He who died living a will has the oppo rtunity of deciding how his fruit s of labour should be distributed. You are working day and night t o acquire some properties: exotic cars, beautiful mansion, expanse of land; woul dn’ t you express how they should be distributed after your death? Without a will your wishes will be irrelevant and the distribution will not be according to your desires and wishes. Drafting a Last Will ensures that your estate is handled according to your preference.

Na farmland

Icecream4U:
Oga lawyer!!!
This one reach to fear o
Is the stated price per acre or per plot?

That is the price

Gman1022:
is the price for real or installment?