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Electrical world : Home electrical wiring and connections, what you n... http://chineduanthony958..com/2017/08/home-electrical-wiring-and-connections.html?spref=tw

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Electrical world : HOW TO FIX LIGHT SWITCH BREAKER OVER LOADS http://chineduanthony958..com/2017/08/how-to-fix-light-switch-breaker-over.html?spref=tw

Electrical world : WHAT CAUSES SHORT CIRCUIT, http://chineduanthony958..com/2017/08/what-causes-short-circuit.html?spref=tw

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ARE YOUR LIGHT BULBS BURNING OUT EARLY https://
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If you have tried to reset a tripped circuit breaker and the breaker continues to stay in the "OFF" position or is otherwise broken, it will need to be replaced.
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HOW TO REPLACE A CIRCUIT BREAKER https://chineduanthony958..com/2017/07/how-to-replace-circuit-breaker.html

From time to time, circuit breakers within your electrical panel get weak or go bad. This may be caused by a circuit problem that has repeatedly tripped the breaker. An overloaded circuit could be the culprit in this scenario. Then again, too often some people like to use the circuit breakers as switches. This is a bad practice and should be avoided. Turning the circuit breakers on and off should be left for servicing the circuits connected to them.
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Easyflex: REMOVE AND INSTALL A CIRCUIT BREAKER http://chineduanthony958..com/2017/07/remove-and-install-circuit-breaker.html?spref=tw

Installing a ground fault circuit breaker in the electrical panel will provide personnel protection from electrical shock hazards.
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Easyflex: INSTALLING A GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT BREAKER http://chineduanthony958..com/2017/07/installing-ground-fault-circuit-breaker.html?spref=tw

You have an electrical problem in your home but don't know what it is. Is it a short circuit or a ground fault? In order to learn the source of the trouble, it is necessary to know the difference between the two. When a fuse blows or a circuit breaker trips, was it a short circuit or a ground fault that caused it? To the average do it yourself electrician, it's hard to tell by going to the fuse box or electrical panel.
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Easyflex: SHORT CIRCUIT VS. GROUND FAULT http://chineduanthony958..com/2017/07/short-circuit-vs-ground-fault.html?spref=tw

To better understand what is involved in installing a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) in your home, you’ll first need to have an understanding of basic electrical wiring. If you feel at all uncomfortable about working on an electrical circuit, then it might be best the call a professional. Understanding basic circuitry, knowing where to turn circuits off and on, being able to test circuits and keep track of what goes where are all essential and important.

As with any and all electrical projects, be sure to turn the power off to anything you are working on. Electrical safety should always be number 1 on your list.
Difficulty:

Easy
Time Required:

15 Minutes
Turn Off the Power

Before you begin any electrical project, go to the electrical panel and shut off the circuit that you’ll be working on. Sometimes, not always, the electrician will mark the panel, on the inside of the door with the location the each individual breaker supplies. If it is marked, turn off the correct circuit. If it is not marked, plug something into the circuit and one-at-a-time start shutting off breakers. When the device that you plugged in goes out, you may have found the circuit.
Check the Circuit

Always double-check the circuit with a tester or meter to be safe! Never assume that, just because the light went out, the circuit is off. Maybe, just maybe the bulb burned out and you happened to be at the right place at the wrong time.
Mark Each Wire

Now that the circuit is safe to start work, remove the existing outlet cover and then the outlet. Do yourself a favor and get a pencil and paper so that you can mark down how everything is connected. If you have a roll of masking tape, mark down things like “right top side hot wire” and you’ll be able to place these right on the wires themselves.

Use the tape and label each wire, paying close attention to what color screws each connect to. This will eliminate any guesswork when installing the new device.
Replace the Outlet

This step is unusually specific. A regular outlet has two hot and two neutral terminals. These are common, meaning you can connect to either of the two screws for the "hot" or "neutral" connection. For the GFCI outlet, things get a little more interesting. There are two separate connections, line and load connections.

The power comes in on the "line" connection and out on the "load" connection. Unscrew the wires from the outlet and remove. If you’re reusing the existing wire feed, connect the new device to the GFCI outlet. The brass terminal is for the “hot” wire. This is usually the black or red wire.

Connect the white wire to the silver screw. This is the neutral connection. The bare or green wire is the ground connection. Place it around the green screw. When you have connected all the wires successfully, give the entire side of the outlet a wrap of electrical tape. This will eliminate the screw from touching either the side of the box or a stray wire when reinstalling.
Install the Outlet

Press the outlet into the box before installing the outlet with the screws provided.

You may have to carefully push and bend the wires back into the box to make everything fit. Now install the cover plate that came with the outlet and your installation is complete.
Turn on Power and Test

Once you’re satisfied, go back to the electrical panel and turn on the circuit. Go to the GFCI and press the reset button. Now use your tester to check the circuit. You can also use a lamp or any small appliance to see if power is restored.

Note: Always make sure that the power is off before performing any electrical project! Safety first!
What You Need

Flat Blade Screw Driver
Phillips Blade Screw Driver
Wire Strippers
Circuit Tester
Tape
Pen or Pencil


Easyflex: INSTALL GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPT OUTLET http://chineduanthony958..com/2017/07/install-ground-fault-circuit-interrupt.html?spref=tw

You may or may not have heard the terms line and load when working with electrical connections, but what do those terms mean? Does line mean straight and narrow? Does load mean a heavy heap of something a truck hauls? Well not exactly. In the electrical world, these electrical terms are the difference between a device working properly or not.

Line and load refer to the power connections coming into or out of electrical devices in the scheme of your electrical system.

You see, the incoming feed from the utility company comes into the line side of an electric meter. It leaves the meter from the load side and then feeds the line side of a disconnect or electrical panel.

In the case of the disconnect, used to interrupt the power after the electric meter, the power comes in on the line side and out on the load side. The power is then fed to the home's electrical panel. The electrical panel also has a line and load connections. The line feeds the main breaker in a circuit breaker panel or a set of cartridge fuses in a fuse panel.

In a breaker panel, branch circuit breaker's supply the load feeds to switches, outlets, and appliances throughout the home. As you can see with the flow of power, there is an in and out of every device, thus a line and load connection point. The correct connections on the electrical devices make a difference but none more important than that of the GFCI receptacles.

Ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI's) implement line and load connections and employ an automatic trip feature when a difference of potential is detected. The back of these outlets are marked and they usually come from the factory with a piece of tape covering the load connection points. This taped portion is a great way of knowing which is the load, that and the markings on the plastic casing.

Line and load connections are not limited to only these connections, but by now you have a better understanding of the terms. For electrical safety reasons, it is wise to always use the line connection to attach the incoming feeder wires. In the case of adding outlets downstream of the GfCI receptacle, these are fed from the load side of the GFCI receptacle. To make this connection, first turn off the power if the device is already live, then remove the tape covering the load side of the receptacle. Under the tape, you will find the connection point.

Just remember that the load is the power used by the devices attached to branch circuit breakers of the electrical system.The load is always going to feed something like an outlet, switch, or appliance. In simple terms, it is the line in and loads out. It is just that simple to understand and remember.

Another thing to consider when making these connections is where the wires attach and the color of the wires that attach to the appropriate connection. Line connections have wires attached to them in colors like black, red, and blue. These are considered the hot wires and carry the current to the devices. White wires are used for neutral connections, while green or bare copper wires are used for ground wires.

The load connections follow these same principles. Hopefully, that explains the differences between line and load connections and clears up their intended uses.


Easyflex: Electrical line and load connections http://chineduanthony958..com/2017/07/electrical-line-and-load-connections.html?spref=fb

We depend on electricity constantly, and when the power goes out in a storm or there's a tripped breaker or another problem in an electrical circuit, understanding the basic components of an electrical system can help you get things running again. It's also important to know who is responsible for what portion of your electrical service. The utility company handles the line portion of your service, which includes everything up to the attachment point on your house. From there, it's called the load side, and everything on the load side is your responsibility.

(1)
Electrical Service Connection
Outdoor electricity meter.

Your home's electricity starts with the power service. This is where the electric company connects their wires to your home's feeder wires that attach to the meter on your house or power pole. The meter measures the amount of electricity your home uses and is the basis for the charges on your electric bill.
(2)
Disconnect Switch
Electric Disconnect

A disconnect switch is mounted on the outside of your home close in proximity to the meter on the outside of your home or power pole. The advantage of having a disconnect switch is for safety. In the event of a fire or flash flood, you can shut the power off from the outside of your home verses having to enter a burning home or a flooded basement.

The other instance is having a transfer switch in which you can switch between live power and a generator for backup power.
(3)
Main Breaker
Electric Works

The service panel contains a large main breaker that is the switch controlling the power to the entire panel. It is sized according to your home's usage, or load, needs. A standard panel today provides 200-amp service. Older panels were sized for 150, 100 or fewer amps.

A main breaker of 200 amps will allow a maximum of 200 amps to flow through it without tripping. In a tripped state, no current will flow to the panel. The main breaker is the interrupt between the utility service and the branch circuits of the panel.
(4)
Main Service Panel

After passing through the meter, your electrical service feeds into your home's main service panel, commonly known as the breaker box. The feeder wires connect to big screw terminals, called lugs, inside the service panel, providing all the power to the panel. A typical home has single-phase service consisting of an “A” phase, a “B” phase, a neutral and a ground.
(5)
Branch Circuit Breakers

The breakers for the branch circuits fill the panel (usually below) the main breaker. Each of these breakers is a switch that controls the flow of electricity to a branch circuit. Turning off a breaker shuts off the power to all of the devices and appliances on that circuit. If a circuit has a problem, such as an overload or a fault, the breaker automatically trips itself off.

The most common cause of a tripped breaker is a circuit overload. If you're running a high-demand appliance, like a vacuum, toaster or heater, and the power goes out, you've probably overloaded the circuit. Move the appliance to a different circuit and reset the breaker by switching it to the ON position. If the breaker trips again--without the appliance plugged in--call an electrician. There may be a dangerous fault situation in the circuit.
(6)
Devices
Exterior Light Fixture

Devices are all the things in the house that use electricity, including switches, receptacles (outlets), light fixtures and appliances. Devices are connected to the individual branch circuits that start at the breakers in the main service panel.

A single circuit may contain multiple switches, receptacles, fixtures and other devices, or it may serve only a single appliance or receptacle. The latter is called a dedicated circuit. These are used for critical-use appliances, like refrigerators, furnaces and water heaters. Other appliances, such as dishwashers and microwaves, usually are on dedicated circuits, too, so that they can be shut off at the service panel without interrupting service to other devices. This also reduces the incidence of overloaded circuits.
(7)
Switches

Switches are the devices that turn on and off lights and fans in your home. These switches come in many different styles and colors to suit your design needs. There are single-pole, three-way, four-way and dimmer switches. Their purpose is to alter the flow of current to your lights and fans in a home.
(
Outlets

Electrical outlets are used to plug portable devices into. Televisions, lights, computers, freezers, vacuums and toasters are all good examples of devices that can be plugged into an outlet.

Outlets consist of a hot feed, a neutral and a ground. Some outlets are used especially for wet areas.

(9) Wiring

Your home’s wiring consists of romex, BX cable or wiring concealed in conduit. Romex is a brand name for a type of plastic insulated wire. The formal name is NM that means non-metallic sheath. This is suitable for use in dry, protected areas (inside stud walls, on the sides of joists, etc.), that are not subject to mechanical damage or excessive heat.

Bx cable is known as armored cable. Wires are covered by aluminum or steel flexible sheath that is somewhat resistant to damage.



Single strands of conductor wire are pulled through conduit that is the safest method for wiring for durability purposes.



These different types of wiring carry electrical current from the panel to the device being fed. Wiring is sized according to the load demand required. Check the rated required load requirements marked on each device to determine the needed size wire to carry the needed load.

Easyflex: Basics in electrical : http://chineduanthony958..com/2017/07/basics-in-electrical.html

WHAT ARE BRANCH CIRCUIT

A home's electrical system has feeder wires that supply power to the panel and branch circuits that leave the panel to power devices. As you may know, the service feeders connect to the main breaker, which supplies power to the electrical panel for distribution. It normally is connected to a 100- or 200-amp two-pole circuit breaker, This main breaker is the main disconnect for the power supply of the breaker box enclosure.

There are also many other breakers within this circuit breaker box enclosure. These breakers vary from the common 15- and 20-amp breakers to those breakers of 100 amps or more, depending on the size of the main breaker and the load requirements that are needed on each individual circuit. These breakers also come in single- (for 120-volt circuits) and double-pole (for 240-volt applications)styles. They are the current protection devices for the circuits that feed areas, devices such as appliances, and lighting throughout your home.

These circuits are referred to as branch circuits, much like a branch on a tree is an extension of a tree. It is a part of the system and provides its individual protection of its circuit, but has ties to the main breaker. The main breaker could theoretically trips if the load across the individual branch circuit breaker became large enough due to the branch circuit's failure to trip.

This is a very limited occurance, and to date over the past 23 years or so, I've only seen this happen twice. It is good to know that there is a double safety in place.

The branch circuits are the individual electrical wire feeds that go from the branch circuit breakers to the individual electrical loads in your home.

They come complete with neutral and ground wires to give each circuit a complete path for electricity to travel and also a grounding means for electrical safety. The wire sizes to connect to these circuit breakers is determined by the electrical load rating stamped on the breaker itself. This wire size is determined by the load the branch circuit is connected to, like a 2-pole, 30-amp electric dryer. In this case you'd need a 2-pole, 30-amp breaker and 310 THHN wire to feed the electric dryer. My electrical wire chart is a good place to start in determining the appropriate wire size needed. Wire is sized by its gauge and there are numbers and letters (wire lettering) listed on the outer sheath of electrical wire that comes in many different colors, called wire color coding to tell you what type and size the wire is.

Dedicated branch circuits serve specific things.

A dedicated circuit is defined as - a circuit that serves only that appliance. These appliances include refrigerators, freezers, electric range, electric water heaters, furnaces, washers, dryers, microwaves, dishwashers, and garbage disposals. And don't forget about heat pumps, sump pumps, and air conditioners.

A good rule of thumb is that if it has a motor, it needs its own circuit.

I'd rather have too many circuits, rather than not enough! Just a look above at the trouble it can cause and the expense related to this problem that doesn't have to happen, should convince you that installing another circuit or making sure to plug into individual circuits is a must.

If you're not sure which outlet is connected to what circuit, you can simply turn off a circuit breaker or unscrew a fuse and go through your house to see which outlet, lighting circuit, or appliance is not working. Although tedious, this is a simple way to check out circuitry without using more sophisticated electrical testers that you may not have. By using something as simple as a desk lamp to plug into an outlet, you can turn circuits off one at a time until you find the right one.

If you've ever had a major appliance connected to the same circuit as another and a circuit breaker has tripped or a fuse has blown, then you understand the need for these specific circuitsEasyflex: Brach circuit : http://chineduanthony958..com/2017/07/brach-circuit.html

Definition:

An electrical panel is also called a load center. It is a metal electrical service box that accepts the main power to the home and distributes electrical current to the various circuits within the home.

The distribution of power to the various circuits are protected from over-current by the use of circuit breakers or fuses.

Once you open the door to the panel you can access all the circuit breakers or fuses.

Usually one of these panels feeds all the circuits in the home but there may be a situation where there is another "sub-panel" serving a dedicated area like a new kitchen.

You will find the circuit breakers stacked in the panel and controlled with a lever that places it in the "On" or "Off" position. You will also see a double pole circuit breaker at the top of the panel called the "Main". That breaker controls all the power to panel in the circuit breakers. The main breaker is used to power all the circuits on or off at one time. At the main circuit breaker you can also see the amperage capacity of the electrical panel. The main breaker will have a number on it identifying its ampere capacity, for example, "100" or "150". Today, 100 amp service is the minimum allowed by code in residential construction so 150 amp is very common. Electrical panels also come in 200 amp and 400 amp configurations.

To identify a circuit you should find stickers placed next to each breaker or a sheet adhered to the inside of the panel door that identifies the circuit served by a particular fuse or circuit breaker.

Knowing where your electrical panel is located how to reset a tripped circuit breaker are basic things to know in your home and are easily learned with these tutorials.

Also Known As: Load Center, Service Panel, Breaker Panel, Fuse Box
Easyflex: ELECTRICAL PANEL http://chineduanthony958..com/2017/07/electrical-panel.html?spref=tw

Circuit breakers vary between manufacturers and styles. When choosing a circuit breaker, you need to know the different types of circuit breakers and what they are used for. Some circuit breakers are designed to service a single 120-volt circuit. These single-pole breakers take up only one space in the electrical panel.

Another type of circuit breaker is a double-pole breaker. Unlike the single-pole breaker, it services a 240-volt circuit by using two spaces in the electrical panel.

By utilizing both phases, you are able to connect the circuit breaker to things like a 240-volt air conditioner, an electric range, an electric water heater, or an electric dryer. Double-pole breakers have two connection points used to connect the electrical wires to them while snapping into place within the electrical panel's bus. The double-pole breaker has a unique bar across the two circuit breaker trip arms that simultaneously trip both phases of the circuit breaker, interrupting the power flow from it and shutting off the breaker. Without the bar, it is possible to trip one side of the breaker while leaving the other hot. Although I've seen it done, I wouldn't recommend placing a nail through the handle trip arms of two single-pole breakers to use them as a double-pole breaker.

Still, another circuit breaker is a tandem circuit breaker. It too has two connection points, but that is where the similarities part ways between it and a double-pole breaker.

You see, the tandem breaker is a divided single-pole breaker, servicing two different circuits. Although the trip handles are smaller, they still each are capable of protection two individual circuits. The other difference between it and the double-pole circuit breaker is that these two circuit breakers are built into on single space in your electrical panel.

A tandem circuit breaker is not always allowed in circuit breaker panels. Check first with your local electrical inspector to determine if using tandem breakers is acceptable. In most cases, an existing panel may have run out of usable space and a certain amount of tandem breakers are allowable. In new construction, this is not the case.

Since a tandem circuit breaker uses only one space, it is only using one phase of power. Keep in mind that if you are connecting a 12-3 wire with a ground to the panel, the black and red wires are sharing a neutral wire. These two hot wires, , the black and red wires, cannot be connected to the two tandem connection points, for you see these are connected to the same phase. One of the wires has to be connected to a circuit breaker on the other phase to share the neutral wire. Otherwise, if you are just connecting two separate single-circuit wires, this is the circuit breaker for you. The other downfall with the tandem circuit breaker is its lack of ability to take as much heat as a single circuit breaker. With two circuits encompassed in the same frame, each wire can heat the same circuit breaker while being under load.

In recap, a double-pole circuit breaker uses two spaces in your electrical panel and is used to connect a 240-volt feed to appliances and 240-volt receptacles used for high voltage connections.

A tandem circuit breaker uses only one space and is capable of supplying two, 120-volt circuits. It uses only one of the two phas but gives you two separate circuits in the space of one. If you're in a pinch for adding just one more circuit, this breaker can accommodate that need. I hope that helps to explain the similarities and differences between these two circuit breakers. Both are handy devices that add electrical safety to your home, they are just used to power different things in your home. When choosing circuit breakers, know what the amperage is on the appliance and whether the appliance is rated for 120 or 240 volts. Knowing how you are going to use the circuit breaker will greatly ease your shopping woes.
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