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Alcohol taking as an exercise is common in almost every society as it is a major mode of 'socialization'.

Hardly would you see a public function without beer and other alcoholic beverages all over the place for consumption.

The situation is also common among footballers around the world, but some have said a capital 'NO' to alcohol.

Here we take a look at some famous players who hate alcohol.

10. Franck Ribery



Franck Ribery is another famous teetotaler after he converted to Islam after marrying a Muslim woman in 2006, making him one of a number of Muslim players who also stay away from alcohol.

The French Muslim football player Franck Ribery has opened an alcohol-free bar that would serve fruit juices in his home town of Boulogne-sur-Mer, with the aims of encouraging the French people to abandon alcohol drinking by offering alternative alcohol-free atmosphere.

9. Gareth Bale



Real Madrid superstars Gareth Bale is famous for not drinking any alcohol…

The Welshman admitted that he never drinks alcohol because he doesn't enjoy the taste, whilst Ronaldo's reason is more of a personal one. His father passed away after years of alcohol abuse, and that is the main factor he decided to avoid the bottle.

8. Harry Kane

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Top 10 Richest Kings In The World. A king/King regnant is the title ascribed to a monarch who is male across a range of various contexts. The female holders of an equivalent title are known as Queen Regnant as the case may be.

Used in the context of this article, a king refers to a sovereign head of state in a monarchy.

In many cases, the monarch himself holds the highest power as well as authority in the nation over all matters, or in some cases, the power may be welded on his behalf. The title and position granted by the monarchy are usually gotten via inheritance usually as the heir to the throne of the former ruler of the nation, or in some cases, he may simply be selected from a family, based on established rules and requirements he has successfully fulfilled. This position, unlike that of a president or prime minister, usually only ends for one person, upon his/her death, although there are times when a ruling monarch may be abdicated for various reasons.

This article aims to focus on ten kings from all over the world who stand out from the rest in terms of wealth. They are the top in that category and they have the money and the influence to back up their positions on this list. This article intends to tell you just how much that takes.

1. KING OF THAILAND – Net Worth: $30 Billion

King Maha Vajiralongkorn:



Thailand also called a golden triangle, is one country that has tried it’s self-same superlative to be at the crown of their confess game notwithstanding other countries in Asia diminishing out appointed to colonialism. Thailand had withstood outside confusion and unified itself as one, and they are identified to take the richest Monarch in the world. This ruler owns an colossal wealth of gold carat, and he has sat on his throne for over 70 days at the present which makes him the longest-serving ruler in the country.

The reigning ruler of Thailand, emperor Maha Vajiralongkorn, is the richest ruler in the world. emperor Maha was intuitive on the 28th day of July in the day 1852 and is at present 65 days old. He has been queen since the day 2016 and is the single gentleman innocent person of sovereign Bhumibol Adulyadej and emperor Sirikit. sovereign Maha Vajiralongkorn became the crown prince after life form named hence by his member of the clergy in the day 1972 after he was presently 20 living old. Upon the loss of his minister on the 13th of October in the day 2016, he was directly to abstract his house as queen but as it should be to the deep situation, he requested to be known added time to grieve for the cost of his minister before pleasing up the cloak of king. On the night of the originator day of December in the day 2016, he decisively traditional his due dwelling as the sovereign of Thailand. He is the tenth monarch in the Chakri empire and is styled as Rama X. As a consequence of how from the past he was at the time of his ascension to the throne, he is accepted to be the oldest Monarch to continually ascend the throne as emperor in Thailand. The wealth of the ruler and his family be capable of ordinarily be coupled put a bet on to money gotten from the Crown acreage Bureau, sanctioned managers of the acreage owned by the crown in the Kingdom of Thailand. This is branded to have the world’s prime cut back and faceted diamond, the blond festivity Diamond, with 545 carats. emperor Maha Vajiralongkorn has a grid merit of $30 billion.

2. KING OF BRUNEI – Net Worth: $20 Billion



He is known as Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah and is understood to be merit over 20 billion dollars. Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Brunei was intuitive on the 15th of July in the day 1946 and is at present aged 71 years. He is the 29th Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei. Hassanal Bolkiah is besides the originator and existing summit Minister of Brunei as well. He is the oldest youngster of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin III and the “Raji Isteri” Pengiran Anak Damit. His priest was abdicated in the day 1967, on the fifth day of October and he took up the take of Sultan. His wealth know how to be connected to profits complete from grease and gas. His palace is the main in the humankind and is branded to maintain charge over $350 million. He is a lover of cars and is branded to confess over 600 Rolls-Royces.

Brunei is a country which is located in the South East segregate of Asia, even though it is not mammoth in extent it holds the third raw materials Monarch in the world. This country in addition deals in chat and grease and the Sultan is understood to be self-same bountiful with his spending. He has a destiny of vehicles which he has acquired with his wealth and he too has houses built in his appellation the entire over the world.

3. KING OF SAUDI ARABIA – Net Worth: $17 Billion



He is known as the king Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud and is renowned to be significance over 17 billion dollars. Saudi Arabia which is celebrated as the position everywhere Islam came into being houses the fourth richest ruler in the world. His family is a identical wealthy one and has a slice of proud investments.

King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud

This emperor is 82 being ancient and takes our numeral 3 spot. He has been the sovereign and first-class minister of Saudi Arabia as brim as the curator of the Two Holy Mosques since the 23rd day of January in the day 2015. He was instinctive on December 31st, 1935. He served as the deputy ruler and followed by administrator of Riyadh for a interval of 48 living on both sides of the day 1963 to the day 2011. Afterward, he became the minister of excuse and was at that moment named Crown Prince in the day 2012 after the loss of Nayef bin Abdulaziz, his brother. He was officially crowned as queen on the 23rd of January in the day 2015. As a King, a few of the foremost initiatives he is ascribed with are the Saudi intrusion in the Civil war in Yemen, the Saudi dream 2030 as spring as a scale in 2017 which conclusively acceptable women in Saudi Arabia to drive. His wealth is allied to the truth that his family owns a media convene which includes the pan-Arab every day Asharq Al-Awsat as fortunate as Al Eqtisadiah. He is attraction $17 billion.

4. emperor OF UNITED ARAB EMIRATES – after deductions Worth: $15 Billion

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Football/soccer stars are known for the huge wealth their talents and antics on the field have afforded them, while the very best in football are often among the highest-paid. However, the top richest footballers in the world necessarily do not have to be the very best in the game. Our list of the top-10 richest football/soccer players points to a not too known fact that some of the big names in the world of football are not the richest players in the game. In our compilation of the top richest football players in the world, we look into the net worth of the highest-paid stars as well as their salaries and endorsements to deliver our latest piece on the richest footballers in the world.

It should be noted that this article is aimed at listing the richest footballers, not necessarily the highest-paid . The wealth of the listed football players are not entirely generated from football, and that was a factor which was considered before the list was compiled. Without further ado, let’s jump right in.

10. Paul Pogba



Net Worth: $85 Million

A incredibly skilful and talented midfielder, Paul Pogba’s exploits at the 2018 FIFA earth prize was instrumental in his side’s victory in the a good number influential game in globe football. at present in performance for Manchester United, his larking about give birth to not translated into achievement for his club who are at present struggling in the English first League. He at this time receives about £290,000 weekly. Paul Pogba’s disposable appeal is valued at $85 million as of 2020, which finds him the 10th speck in our file of the richest soccer players in the world. He furthermore had approval deals with sportswear manufacturing brand, Adidas. Pogba is notorious to say a number of luxury cars which include, Rolls Royce apparition Black Badge, Chevrolet and Ferrari 812 Superfast.

9. Eden Hazard



Net Worth: $100 Million

Following his climax profile moved Madrid from EPL side, Chelsea, merit €100,000,000, Eden Hazard signed a 5 day dole out with genuine Madrid (Los Blancos) to befit the club’s highest-paid signing. The Belgian state-run football bunch commander receives £400,000 weekly. He has an approval trade with Nike, Topps and Electronics Arts. Eden Hazard’s obtain merit is valued at $100 million, as of 2020, which makes him the 9th richest football player in the world.

8. Andres Iniesta



Net Worth: $120 Million

Andres Iniesta is Spain’s all-time mainly decked footballer who has won a facts 35 trophies counting the planet mug and the UEFA Champions League. The earlier Barcelona chief who at this time show business in Japan for Vissel Kobe earns $576,923 every week. Andres Iniesta’s clear attraction is valued at $120 million, as of 2020, assembly him the 8th richest football player in the world. He has approval deals with Japanese footwear brand, Asics. He moreover owns a chateau named Minuto 116, after the minute he scored in the 2010 humanity beaker final.

Gareth bale


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The LaLiga is widely considered to be one of the best leagues in the world, with a number of top players plying their trade in Spain. Here, we take a look at the five most valuable squads in the league.

1. Real Madrid - €1.08billion



At the top, it comes as no disturb that truthful Madrid have the most valuable and expensive squad in laliga , with Zinedine Zidane having particular costly but brilliant players to elect from remarkably in attack.

The Los Blancos power be frustrating to ensure at times, but are tranquil in with a shout in cooperation locally and in Europe - as the Galacticos are solely two-points behind rivals, Barcelona in the LaLiga bit besides with a attempt to cancel the deficit against Manchester city in the Champions League.

2. Barcelona - €1.06billion



The defending LaLiga champions and the leaders at the exceed of the chart this season, Barcelona capacity be struggling to maintain their individuality on the pitch - but it shows their insistence that they static administer to linger at the top.

With Lionel Messi in their ranks, one cannot put everything ancient the Catalan giants.

3. Atletico Madrid - €870.5million

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2019 has seen some big moves in the social media followings of the big football clubs. The main movers are Liverpool and Juventus, the Italian giant has jumped 3 places from last year, while Liverpool jumped two places. Below are the 10 most followed football clubs in the world, taking into account Twitter, Facebook and Instagram. The total is listed beside each name.

10) Manchester City



Although Manchester United have been trailing the glory days under coach legend Sir Alex Ferguson for years without success, the Red Devils remain the most popular club in the English Premier League in the social media. And this despite the fact that United will only be playing in the Europa League this season. The more than 750,000 Indonesian Twitter fans are a record for a western football club. Overall, however, the gap to the big two from Spain is gigantic. United has on Instagram less than half as many followers as they have.

Total: 59 million

Instagram: 14.8 million

Facebook: 37 million

Twitter: 7.2 million (English), 22,300 (USA)

9) FC Asenal



Total: 67.5 million

Instagram: 15.5 million

Facebook: 37 million

Twitter: 14.9 million (English), 66,000 (Spanish)

Asenal are no longer a UEFA Champions League club which has had an contact on revenues and following. They glossed sixth in the head of government League last few year, it’s equal day revenues be munitions store in the chief ten richest football clubs. But after that unmanageably necessitate a go again to the Champions League to boost revenues.

FC Liverpool



Total: 67.6 million

Instagram: 19.3 million

Facebook: 34 million

Twitter: 12.4 million (English), 861,900 (Arabic), 660,000 (Thai), 177,700 (Indonesian), 128,400 (USA), 109,000 (Portuguese)

With coach Jürgen Klopp, FC Liverpool is not only experiencing a return to successful old days, the current Champions League winner is also catching up in the social media: 16 million new social followers in the last twelve months alone. FC Arsenal has been overtaken. No English club has more Arabic-language Twitter followers than Liverpool. One reason for that: Mohamed Salah, the Egyptian attacking star.

7) Paris Saint-Germain



France’s richest football club has hugely benefitted from bringing Neymar to the club. The prime soar day on day has been on instagram somewhere they went from 17.8 million to 26.9 million.

No other team in the Top 10 has so few English-speaking Twitter followers, but the French champion is not only showing off his skills in his own country, but also in the Arabic-speaking world. On Instagram, Paris even makes it into the top 10

Total: 69.9 million

Instagram: 23.9 million

Facebook: 37 million

Twitter: 7.2 million (French), 1 million (Arabic), 326,800 (English), 230,000 (Spanish), 179,400 (Portuguese), 43,000 (Indonesian), 8931 (Japanese)

6) FC Bayern Munich



Total: 73.9 million

Instagram: 18 million

Facebook: 49 million

Twitter: 4.7 million (German), 1.1 million (English), 559,000 (Spanish), 293,900 (Arabic), 204,000 (North America)

The must trendy German team is hard-pressed out of the summit 5 by minion Juventus. FC Bayern is principally unbeaten on Facebook, everyplace it takes fourth place. But with Instagram and peep it's not an adequate amount of for the top. In a state divergence with Borussia Dortmund, however, Bayern is unchallenged: The BVB has a absolute of 26.7 million community followers and is eleventh in the worldwide club ranking.

5. Juventus


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As a football fan, you may wonder who the richest football clubs in the world right now are. Football or soccer being the sport with most fans scattered in virtually every country in the world has continually seen an increase in audience and this has had a positive financial effect on the industry. This is not unconnected to the fact that corporate businesses are constantly striving to leverage on the unifying bond of football to strengthen their brands and produce public appeal.

Football clubs, though bear no significant difference from any big corporation, has been one of the leading players in the profitability of football. In this article, we profile the 10 richest football clubs in the world as of January 2020, as revealed by Deloitte Football Money League (DFML).

1. Barcelona - $4.021 billion



Barcelona or Barca, as it is popularly known among fans, is perhaps the richest soccer club in the world. The Spanish club closed 2019, with about $840.8 million in revenue. The club, together with Real Madrid, has been rivaling for the top spot. The Catalan side made more than $350 million in commercial revenue.

F.C. Barcelona has sponsorship deals with Nike, their kit supplier, and Qatar Airways, who sponsor their shirts. The team’s broadcast rights generated about $250 million. Match days made F.C Barcelona a tidy amount of money. The previous year had the team make close to $160 million.

2. Real Madrid - $4.239 billion



Los Blancos’ performance on the pitch and off the pitch in 2018/19 season was really woeful as the side struggled without key player Cristiano Ronaldo. Though profit did not reduce as such, in terms of performance, Real Madrid had a dismal performance, which had repercussions on the financial growth of the club. Madrid finished in a not so convincing third place in the La Liga and was eliminated in the Round of 16 in the UEFA Champions League. Probably, the club was greatly affected with the departure of Cristiano Ronaldo, that it only saw a very disappointing €6.4 million increase in revenue generated from last year. Trailing behind domestic rivals, Barcelona, Madrid ranks as the second club with the most revenue generated with €757.3 million.

3. Manchester United - $3.808



Manchester United is eventually the richest club in England, with a complete judgment of $3.7 billion and a revenue of $795 million. The cherry Devils generated about $344 million business revenue through advertising their products and the finance deals they signed.

Manchester United’s kits are sponsored by Chevrolet. diffusion human rights earned the English group further than $250 million. Matchday salary totaled careful to $130 million.

4. Bayern Munich - $3.024 billion
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As of March 2020 there have been 27 full seasons in the Premier League era, during which only 10 managers have hoisted the coveted trophy in the air.

Four of those managers - Sir Alex Ferguson (13), Arsene Wenger (3), Jose Mourinho (3) and Pep Guardiola (2) - boast a whopping 21 of the 27 titles between them.

In terms of the nationality make-up of victorious managers. Famously, or perhaps infamously, an English boss has yet to join a group which consists of two Scots, a Frenchman, a Portuguese coach, a Spaniard, a Chilean and four different Italians.

Right, enough of the winners for now. Below we take a gander at the seven best Premier League managers who have never got their hands on the trophy...

1. Guus Hiddink



Like Van Gaal, an all-time great manager held back here by the brevity of his Premier League stint. Unlike King Louis, Golden Guus is fondly recalled by his one English club side . Twice stepping in to steady Chelsea’s ship mid-season, Hiddink’s first run in 2008/09 was particularly impressive. He lost only once in 22 games across all competitions; enough to win the FA Cup, if not enough to catch Manchester United in the league.

His second spell in 2015/16 began with a 12-game unbeaten league run. Impeccable numbers, although Frank Lampard wouldn’t welcome him unexpectedly turning up at Cobham any time soon.... Guus Hiddink

Like Van Gaal, an all-time great manager held back here by the brevity of his Premier League stint. Unlike King Louis, Golden Guus is fondly recalled by his one English club side . Twice stepping in to steady Chelsea’s ship mid-season, Hiddink’s first run in 2008/09 was particularly impressive. He lost only once in 22 games across all competitions; enough to win the FA Cup, if not enough to catch Manchester United in the league.

His second spell in 2015/16 began with a 12-game unbeaten league run. Impeccable numbers, although Frank Lampard wouldn’t welcome him unexpectedly turning up at Cobham any time soon...

2.Rafa Benitez



Rafa Benitez’s trophy cabinet boasts two La Liga titles, a couple of UEFA Cups, the Champions League, FA Cup and Community Shield, the Supercoppa Italiana and Coppa Italia, UEFA Super Cup, FIFA Club World Cup, and even the English Championship, but as of yet there’s no Premier League title.

That’s not through a lack of trying. Liverpool were a regular top-four side under the Spaniard who came closest to glory in the 2008/09 season when they finished four points behind Sir Alex Ferguson’s Man Utd, having been top of the tree at Christmas.

The infamous ‘Facts’ press-conference, the tactics, the quotes, the signings - good and bad - endeared the boss not only to Liverpool fans but the wider English public.

Benitez twice returned to the Premier League. Firstly, amid supporter backlash he stabilised Chelsea - as interim manager - following the exit of Roberto Di Matteo, and orchestrated a third-place league finish, lifted the Europa League trophy and featured in both domestic cup semi-finals.

At Newcastle, he led the club back into the Premier League and inspired a 10th-place finish with a very average squad and a very stingy owner.

The lure of the Premier League is likely to prove too strong so you can bet your last penny that this is not the last we’ve seen of Benitez on English shores.

Clubs: Liverpool, Chelsea & Newcastle

Matches: 340

Win Rate: 49.4%

Best Finish: 2nd

3.Kevin Keegan

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Chelsea and Manchester City are two of the biggest clubs in England and tonight, they take each other on at the Etihad stadium . The clash between the reigning Premier League champions and the side that are expected to be the next champions is a highly anticipated one.

Despite both being big clubs, the Blues and the Citizens do not enjoy much of a rivalry and over the years, plenty of players have played for both clubs. Here, we take a look at five such players.

5. Daniel Sturridge



Daniel Sturridge came through the ranks at Manchester metropolitan but crash to make normal opportunities maxim him relocate to Stamford railway bridge in 2009. With Chelsea, the England global won the foremost League, two FA Cups and the Champions League but was in no way proficient to set up himself as a starter.

He absent for Liverpool in 2013 everywhere he happen to one of the preeminent strikers in the league before injuries ruined his career. He is in a jiffy on advance at West Bromwich Albion who are substructure of the leader League.

4. Frank Lampard



absolutely a contender. Chelsea would signed the childish midfielder from London rivals West red meat in 2001, everyplace he would get to on to grow to be one of the most excellent players in foremost League history.

In 13 seasons at Stamford join Lampard would success 11 foremost honours, plus three leading League titles and the Champions League. A productive goalscorer from midfield, Lampard would hide Bobby Tambling’s keep details to turn into the club’s all-time memo goalscorer, departure the club in 2014 having combined 211 goals in altogether competitions.
He would attempt to MLS fringe New York metropolis next his departure from the best League, merely to restore on give somebody an advance of at sister club Manchester City, a attempt which was criticised by sections of the Chelsea support.

His sole term in Manchester would hand over eight goals in 38 appearances, his number one extremely well approach against past club Chelsea at the Etihad.

Lampard would put back to MLS in 2015, the fourth-highest goalscorer in primary League history with 177 top-flight goals.

3. Nicolas Anelka


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Alcohol taking as an exercise is common in almost every society as it is a major mode of 'socialization'.

Hardly would you see a public function without beer and other alcoholic beverages all over the place for consumption.

The situation is also common among footballers around the world, but some have said a capital 'NO' to alcohol.

Here we take a look at some famous players who hate alcohol.

10. Franck Ribery



Franck Ribery is another famous teetotaler after he converted to Islam after marrying a Muslim woman in 2006, making him one of a number of Muslim players who also stay away from alcohol.

The French Muslim football player Franck Ribery has opened an alcohol-free bar that would serve fruit juices in his home town of Boulogne-sur-Mer, with the aims of encouraging the French people to abandon alcohol drinking by offering alternative alcohol-free atmosphere.

9. Gareth Bale



Real Madrid superstars Gareth Bale is famous for not drinking any alcohol…

The Welshman admitted that he never drinks alcohol because he doesn't enjoy the taste, whilst Ronaldo's reason is more of a personal one. His father passed away after years of alcohol abuse, and that is the main factor he decided to avoid the bottle.

8. Harry Kane

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T he Byzantine Empire, which grew out of the Eastern Roman Empire in Greece, carried Roman culture into the Middle Ages . It was a splendid and sometimes powerful realm, a stronghold of civilization in a dark time, and Justinian was perhaps its greatest ruler.

Justinian reconquered the Western Roman Empire , which had fallen to invading tribes in 476, and briefly reunited former Roman lands under his leadership. More lasting was his legal code, or system of laws, which provided the foundation for much of the law that exists today. Justinian built dozens of churches, most notably the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople, and under his reign, Byzantine arts—including mosaics, colored bits of glass or tile arranged to form a picture—reached a high point.

In His Uncle's Care

The Byzantine BIZ-un-teen) Empire, sometimes known as Byzantium (bi-ZAN-tee-um), controlled much of southeastern Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa from its capital at Constantinople (kahn-stan-ti-NOH-pul), which today is the city of Istanbul in Turkey. Justinian, however, grew up far from the centers of power, in a village called Tauresium. His family had been humble farmers just a generation before, but his uncle Justin c. 450–527) had changed their fortunes when he went to Constantinople and became a member of the imperial bodyguard charged with protecting the life of Emperor Leo I.

Eventually Justin became commander of the imperial guards and a military leader of distinction. Having no children of his own, Justin brought his nephews—including Justinian—to Constantinople, where he helped them gain an education and embark on careers. Justinian enjoyed the benefits of a superb education, something Justin, who never learned to read and write, did not have. As was the Roman custom (the Byzantines referred to themselves as "Romans", Justinian proved his ability by service in the military.

Co-ruler And Sole Ruler

In 518, the reigning emperor died, and Justin was chosen as his successor. Now the uncle called on his nephews, who had the education he lacked, to assist him in leading the empire, and none of these men distinguished himself more than Justinian. The latter became one of Justin's key advisors, and early in Justin's reign uncovered a plot against his uncle by one of the emperor's rivals.

Although Justinian was in his late thirties by now, Justin formally adopted him at some point during the 520s as a means of preparing to pass on leadership to him. In 525, the emperor designated his nephew as his preferred successor, though under the Roman system, succession was far from automatic: the emperor's chosen successor had to prove himself. Evidently Justinian did, because Justin promoted him to co-emperor on April 4, 527, and when the uncle died on August 1, Justinian became sole ruler.

9. Constantine the Great (February 272 AD – May 337 AD)



Constantine the Great ( Latin : Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus ; 27 February c. 272 – 22 May 337), also known as Constantine I or Saint Constantine, was Roman Emperor from 306 to 337. Well known for being the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity , Constantine and co-Emperor Licinius issued the Edict of Milan in 313, which proclaimed tolerance of all religions throughout the empire.

Constantine defeated the emperors Maxentius and

Licinius during civil wars. He also fought successfully against the Franks, Alamanni, Visigoths, and Sarmatians during his reign — even resettling parts of Dacia which had been abandoned during the previous century. Constantine built a new imperial residence at Byzantium, naming it New Rome. However, in Constantine's honour, people called it Constantinople , which would later be the capital of what is now known as the Byzantine Empire for over one thousand years. Because of this, he is thought of as the founder of the Byzantine Empire.

Early life

Flavius Valerius Constantinus, as he was originally named, was born in the city of Naissus,

Dardania province of

Moesia, in present-day

Niš, Serbia, on 27 February of an uncertain year, probably near 272. His father was

Flavius Constantius, a native of

Dardania province of Moesia (later

Dacia Ripensis). Constantius was a tolerant and politically skilled man. Constantine probably spent little time with his father. Constantius was an officer in the Roman army in 272, part of the Emperor Aurelian's imperial bodyguard. Constantius advanced through the ranks, earning the governorship of Dalmatia from Emperor Diocletian, another of Aurelian's companions from Illyricum, in 284 or 285. Constantine's mother was

Helena, a Bithynian woman of low social standing. It is uncertain whether she was legally married to Constantius or merely his concubine.

In July 285, Diocletian declared Maximian, another colleague from Illyricum, his co-emperor. Each emperor would have his own court, his own military and administrative faculties, and each would rule with a separate praetorian prefect as chief lieutenant. Maximian ruled in the West, from his capitals at Mediolanum ( Milan , Italy ) or Augusta Treverorum ( Trier, Germany), while Diocletian ruled in the East, from Nicomedia ( İzmit,

Turkey ). The division was merely pragmatic: the Empire was called "indivisible" in official panegyric, and both emperors could move freely throughout the Empire. In 288, Maximian appointed Constantius to serve as his praetorian prefect in Gaul. Constantius left Helena to marry Maximian's stepdaughter Theodora in 288 or 289.

Diocletian divided the Empire again in 293, appointing two

Caesars (junior emperors) to rule over further subdivisions of East and West. Each would be subordinate to their respective Augustus (senior emperor) but would act with supreme authority in his assigned lands. This system would later be called the

Tetrarchy. Diocletian's first appointee for the office of Caesar was Constantius; his second was Galerius, a native of Felix Romuliana. According to Lactantius, Galerius was a brutal, animalistic man. Although he shared the paganism of Rome's aristocracy, he seemed to them an alien figure, a semi-barbarian. On 1 March, Constantius was promoted to the office of Caesar, and dispatched to Gaul to fight the rebels Carausius and

Allectus. In spite of meritocratic overtones, the Tetrarchy retained vestiges of hereditary privilege, and Constantine became the prime candidate for future appointment as Caesar as soon as his father took the position. Constantine went to the court of Diocletian, where he lived as his father's heir presumptive.

8. Antoninus Pius (19 September, 86 AD – 7 March, 161 AD)



Titus Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Antoninus was born on 19 September, 86 on the family estate at Lanuvium, in Italy. However, his family came originally from Nemausus (modern-day Nîmes) in the province of Transalpine Gaul. Both sides of his family were of consular rank.

AR denarius of Antoninus Pius divus (the emperor after his posthumous deification). Obverse has bare portrait of emperor r., DIVVS ANTONINVS. Reverse has funerary altar, DIVO PIO.

About his early political career we know very little. He was quaestor around 111, then praetor (perhaps around 116), before reaching the consulship in 120. Under Hadrian, Italy had been split into four quasi-provinces governed by ex-consuls and after his consulship Antoninus was appointed to one of these positions.

The Historia Augusta states that he was given control of the area in which most of his own land was situated, a mark of both the esteem in which he was held by Hadrian and of the trust the emperor had in him, for there was clearly the potential for conflicts of interest in his administration of the region.

Antoninus’ final post before becoming emperor came around 134 or 135, when he was awarded the high-profile governorship of the province of Asia, which we are told he ruled in a just and upright manner.

In 136, shortly after Antoninus’ return from the East, Hadrian, whose health had started to fail him, began looking for an heir and successor. He settled first on a senator named Lucius Ceionius Commodus, whom he adopted. Commodus became Lucius Aelius Caesar.

However, in January 138, Aelius died suddenly and Hadrian was obliged to seek a new heir. It was now that the ailing emperor chose Antoninus. Before adopting him, Hadrian obliged Antoninus to adopt both Commodus’ young son, and the grandson of Antoninus’ own father-in-law. These boys would become the emperors Lucius Verus and Marcus Aurelius, respectively.

Hadrian died in July 138. With some exceptions, the normal response to the death of an emperor involved the granting of posthumous honours and deification. But Hadrian’s relationship with the Roman senate had been strained from the beginning and there was resistance to the idea.

Antoninus, however, seems to have pushed for Hadrian to be granted these honours and granted they were. This is one of several possible explanations offered in the sources for why the senate subsequently gave Antoninus the additional, honorific name of Pius (‘faithful’ or ‘dutiful’).

At 23 years, Antoninus’ reign was one of the longest. It was also one of the most stable and peaceful. That is not to say it was entirely without military activity: we hear of rebellions in Egypt and Greece, and actions against some Germanic and Dacian tribes.

A campaign in Britain seems to have been a little more serious, insofar as it prompted Antoninus to construct the Antonine Wall, some 99 miles north of Hadrian’s. But at no point during his reign did the Roman Empire experience a major invasion, or launch a major offensive.

Domestically, the picture painted by our sources is of a diligent, conscientious, mild-mannered, just, prudent, moderate, and generally highly competent ruler. This portrait is in line with the equally hagiographic descriptions of Antoninus the man: he was apparently handsome, intelligent, even-tempered, a gifted speaker, restrained in his appetites, generous, friendly, and utterly without ostentation. In short, he seems to have been the perfect Roman noble.

Antoninus’ long and prosperous reign came to its end on 7 March, 161. He was 75 years old. It seems he had caught a fever from which he never recovered. His final word, given to the Praetorian guardsman then on duty, was the watchword for the day, ‘equanimity’. He was afterwards deified.

He died at his country estate outside the town of Lorium, in Italy. In stark contrast to his predecessor Hadrian, Antoninus had never left Italy (save for his turn as governor of Asia), nor been to the frontier or interacted with the legions stationed there. Antoninus’ policy of avoiding warfare as far as possible may, however, have been an error to some degree.

Almost as soon as Marcus Aurelius (who had married Antoninus’ daughter, Faustina Minor) and Lucius Verus ascended the throne as co-emperors, a major conflict with the neighbouring Parthian Empire erupted in the East. Almost as soon as this war was won, another broke out in the north against various Germanic tribes. Beating them back would consume the remainder of Marcus’ time as emperor.

The Historia Augusta says that on his deathbed Antoninus talked about the anger he felt towards certain foreign kings. We might wonder if these are the Parthian and German rulers who would make trouble for his successors, and whether some pre-emptive action under Antoninus might have spared his heirs much trouble

7. Vespasian (November 9 AD – 23 June, 79 AD)

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There was a time when the Roman Empire boasted the most extensive political and social structure in the history of

ancient Western civilization . At the peak of the empire in the first and second centuries AD, ancient Rome covered 6.5 million square kilometers of land, and the number of inhabitants was estimated to be around 50 to 90 million. Ancient Rome gave rise to many famous personalities like Julius Caesar, Cicero, and Augustus, and many more renowned Romans who are still remembered today. But it also saw the reign of notorious emperors such as Nero and Caligula among others, whose regimes of terror still send a chill down the spines of historians or pretty much anyone who reads about what it was like to live in those times. From

famous gladiators, the ancient Roman superstars, to powerful emperors that made a long-lasting impact, here is a list of the top 10 famous people of ancient Rome:

10. Nero



The Roman emperor Nero is considered one of history’s greatest criminals. His name has become synonymous with evil, as historic accounts have accused him of killing his stepbrother, his wife and his mother, as well persecuting Christians and instigating the devastating Great Fire of Rome . This is the judgement that is passed in history from one generation to the next, but are these accounts of Nero’s reign accurate? New scientific discoveries and a closer examination of the ancient texts written about Nero cast a different light on the Roman emperor and the accusations leveled against him. Secrets of the Dead: The Nero Files follows internationally renowned criminal psychologist Thomas Müller and a team of scientists and historians as they investigate the new evidence in order to discover the truth about the controversial emperor.

9. Commodus



Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus, the son of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius and his wife-cousin Faustina, was born in Lanuvium in 161 AD. Commodus was named Caesar at the age of 5, and co-Augustus at the age of 17, spending most of his early life accompanying his father on his campaigns against the Quadi and the Marcomanni along the Danubian frontier. His father died, possibly of the plague, at a military encampment at Bononia on the Danube on 17 March 180, leaving the Roman Empire to his nineteen-year-old son. Upon hearing of his father's death, Commodus made preparations for Marcus' funeral, made concessions to the northern tribes, and made haste to return back to Rome in order to enjoy peace after nearly two decades of war. Commodus, and much of the Roman army behind him, entered the capital on 22 October, 180 in a triumphal procession, receiving a hero's welcome. Indeed, the youthful Commodus must have appeared in the parade as an icon of new, happier days to come; his arrival sparked the highest hopes in the Roman people, who believed he would rule as his father had ruled.

The coins issued in his first year all display the triumphant general, a warrior in action who brought the spoils of victory to the citizens of Rome. There is a great deal of evidence to support the fact that Commodus was popular among many of the people, at least for a majority of his reign. He seems to have been quite generous. Coin types from around 183 onward often contain the legend, Munificentia Augusta[[5]], indicating that generosity was indeed a part of his imperial program. Coins show nine occasions on which Commodus gave largesses, seven when he was sole emperor. According to Dio, the emperor obtained some of this funding by taxing members of the senatorial class. This policy of munificence certainly caused tensions between Commodus and the Senate. In 191 it was noted in the official Actus Urbis that the gods had given Commodus to Populus Senatusque Romanus. Normally the phrase Senatus Populusque Romanus was used. While the Senate hated Commodus, the army and the lower classes loved him. Because of the bad relationship between the Senate and Commodus as well as a senatorial conspiracy, Rome "...was virtually governed by the praetorian prefects Perennis (182-185) and Cleander (186-9)."

Commodus began to dress like the god Hercules, wearing lion skins and carrying a club. Thus he appropriated the Antonines' traditional identification with Hercules, but even more aggressively. Commodus' complete identification with Hercules can be seen as an attempt to solidify his claim as new founder of Rome, which he now called the Colonia Lucia Annia Commodiana. This was legitimized by his direct link to Hercules, son of Father Jupiter. He probably took the title of Hercules officially some time before mid-September 192.

8. Trajan

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China is rich in civilization, which goes back over 4,000 years. The People’s Republic of China has the largest population in the world and a deep history of pioneering inventions, giving the world many widely used materials such as paper and silk.

According to the historical text, the Records of the Grand Historian or the Shiji, ancient Chinese civilization began under the Xia dynasty (2070 BC–1600 BC) and culminated with the Qing dynasty (1644 AD–1911 AD) after which the creation of the republic took place which marked the end of the dynastic era. Many monarchies ruled during this time, but only the greatest ones have left their mark. Here is a list of the top 10 greatest emperors of ancient China. List is ordered chronologically by their birth year.

1. Qin Shi Huang (259 BC–210 BC)



Qin Shi Huang (around 259 BCE–September 10, 210 BCE) was the First Emperor of a unified China and founder of the Qin dynasty, who ruled from 246 BCE to 210 BCE. In his 35-year reign, he caused both rapid cultural and intellectual advancement and much destruction and oppression within China. He is famed for creating magnificent and enormous construction projects, including the beginnings of the Great Wall of China.

2. Emperor Wu of Han (157 BC–87 BC)



Wudi, Wade-Giles romanization Wu-ti , original name Liu Che , (born 156 BC—died March 29, 87 BC), posthumous name (shi) of the autocratic Chinese emperor (141–87 BC) who vastly increased the authority of the Han dynasty (206 BC–AD 220) and extended Chinese influence abroad. He made

Confucianism the state religion of China .

Emperor Wu was a follower of Confucianism and applied its doctrine as his code of ethics for running the empire. Through his ideology and effective governance, he unified the nation in real terms.

3. Emperor Wen of Sui (541 AD–604 AD)

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Can you imagine a world without rulers or heads of government to make necessary decisions on behalf of their nations? A country’s prosperity depends on the effectiveness of its ruler and those rulers who have gone before. By the turn of the 19th century, most rulers had been male, but there have been female rulers like Cleopatra and Sobekneferu who have made a significant impact on the world during the period of their reign.

1. Cleopatra



Cleopatra VII has long been considered the only female pharaoh of the Ptolemaic dynasty, a Greek royal family that ruled Egypt from 305 B.C. to 30 B.C. But a recent analysis of a unique royal crown suggests that her lesser-known ancestor, Queen Arsinoë II, held that distinction some 200 years earlier. Conducted by Maria Nilsson of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, the study offers a new interpretation of the official pharaonic succession and underscores the symbolic power of crowns in Egyptian art.

Arsinoë II was born in 316 B.C. to Ptolemy I, a friend and adviser of Alexander the Great who seized control of Egypt after the Greek king’s death. Following the death of her first husband, Lysimachus of Thrace, Arsinoë married her half-brother Ptolemy Keraunos, king of Macedonia; the union ended soon after when he killed two of her three sons in a power struggle. She then returned to Egypt and married her full brother Ptolemy II, becoming co-ruler of his empire. The couple adopted the epithet Philadelphus (meaning brother- or sister-loving) to celebrate their shared leadership.

Previous scholars have already established Arsinoë’s strong political influence from textual sources, some of which describe her as power-hungry, scheming and even responsible for the exile of Ptolemy II’s first wife. (Others make reference to her popularity with the people, skill in foreign policy, participation in the Olympic games and expansion of the royal library of Alexandria.) To dig deeper into the life and legacy of this historically significant yet mysterious queen, Nilsson conducted the first comprehensive study of relief scenes featuring Arsinoë, paying special attention to her unique crown while taking contextual details and hieroglyphics into account. She published her findings in her doctoral dissertation, entitled “The Crown of Arsinoë II: The Creation and Development of an Imagery of Authority.”

2. Sobekneferu



This Queen's name is sometimes written as Nefrusobek. She was a Queen-Pharoah and the 8th ruler of the 12th Dynasty. Probably the daughter of Amenemhet III and the half sister of Amenemhet IV.

Sobekneferu ruled at the end of the Twelfth Dynasty. Some have suggested that she ruled alongside Amenemhat III and/or Amenemhat IV. According to Egyptian tradition, she ruled independently. The Turin Canon gives almost 4 years of rule, as does Manetho.

3. Neferneferuaten Nefertiti

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