Two FUTO Students Who Traveled To Represent Nigeria, Land In Refugee Camp.
#FUTO #Regugee #Nigeria
Two Nigerian students of the Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO), who were allegedly at the 5th World Inter-universities Championships, have been wrongly deported to Bosnia by the Croatian police. .
The intervarsity event took place between November 13 -17, 2019 in Croatia. According to Total Croatia News, the deportees are 18-year-old Abia Uchenna Alexandro and Eboh Kenneth Chinedu.
After the competition, the group returned to Zagreb, Croatia’s capital, where they waited for their flight back to Lagos through Istanbul, Turkey.
However, at Zagreb, the young men decided to take a walk around the town where they were arrested and wrongly profiled.
Narrating their story in a video that accompanied report made by Total Croatia News, Eboh said they explained to the policemen that they had never been to Bosnia but they were ignored. .
He said, “On our way on the street, we lost our direction and a policeman came across us. He was asking us questions but he does not understand English. We tried to introduce ourselves to him but he refused to give us a listening ear.”
The men alleged that they were taken to the police station where they were held for hours before transported to Bosnia in a van. The van stopped and they pushed them out into the bushes.
Eboh refused to start walking in the direction where police were directing them to, and one of the policemen told him that he would shoot if he didn't start walking.
There were other migrants being pushed back to Bosnia at the same time by the Croatian police, and they helped the two Nigerians get to the camp in Velika Kladuša.
The organisers of the competition, the InterUniversities Sport Committee confirmed that they're aware of this case.
Alberto Tanghetti from the committee, said all five participants from Nigeria had valid visas. He confirmed that they also have return plane tickets to Istanbul and then Lagos.
He said that the organisation would try to contact Croatian police and see if there's anything they can do to help the students.

Alum blocks are made of natural potassium alum, a material found on rocks in areas of weather and oxidation which has antiseptic and astringent qualities. Alum blocks are used by many for healing minor nicks and cuts from shaving. Another popular use is as an aftershave treatment. It can help fight razor burn, improve skin tone, prevent ache, and kill germs. Alum blocks are typically small, rock like blocks which look clear to milky. They can last for up to two years, even with daily use.

Using an Alum Block as an Aftershave Treatment
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Using an Alum Block as an Aftershave Treatment
Purchase an alum block. Alum blocks are becoming more common in the US. You can now find them at many drugstores and beauty supply stores. If you're not sure where to look, ask an employee. [1]
You can also purchase an alum block online. Typically, they cost around $20. Many people consider this a good investment, as an alum block can last for years.
Make sure to purchase a block that is pure alum. You do not want additional ingredients.
Wet face with cold water. After you shave, you need to prepare to use the alum block. This means getting your face (or legs) wet. Splashing your face with cold water helps close pores and allows the block to easily glide over your face.
Alum blocks are most effective as a post-wet shave product.
Make sure to thoroughly rinse all of the soap or shaving cream from your face.
Wet the alum block in cold water. This will further make it easier for the block to glide over your face. Simply run the stone back and forth under the faucet. Make sure the entire surface is wet. [2]
Some people like to soak the alum block in ice water before use. Beware: this can increase the tingling feeling you will feel during use.
Glide alum block across face. Rub the block onto the areas of your skin that you’ve shaved. You can also apply the block to other areas of your face or body. Remember, an alum block is known for its astringent qualities. [3]
You can expect to feel a little bit of tightness and perhaps some tingling. Don't worry, this is normal.
While most people just use alum block on the face, you can apply it elsewhere on your body. For example, you could rub it on your legs after shaving.
Evaluate your shave. If you’re new to shaving the block can be a good indicator of areas where you might want to improve your shaving technique. The alum block has a tingling or stinging feeling so areas where the stinging are high usually indicates that too much pressure is being applied in that area with the blade. Take care to be more gentle on those areas next time.[4]
Rinse off with cold water and pat face dry with towel.
Some people prefer to skip the rinse and just leave the alum on the face. You'll continue to feel the tightness for a few hours, but it shouldn't be uncomfortable.
Dry your alum block. It is essential that you allow your alum block to dry completely before putting it away. Your block won't be effective anymore if you put it away wet.[5]
It can take several hours for your block to dry. Try leaving it on the counter to air dry while you are at work.

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Finding Other Uses for an Alum Block
Use an alum block to heal a small cut. Wet the area of the cut with cold water. This will wash the blood away from the cut. Typically, an alum block is used to help heal a small nick that results from shaving. Wetting the area can also help you remove shaving cream residue. [6]
Alum blocks can also be used for other small cuts. It is safe enough to use on children.
If your child suffers a minor cut, you can apply the alum cut to that area, the same way you would use it on the face.
Don't forget to dab the alum block in cold water before use.
Apply the block to the area of the cut. Apply the block with light pressure and hold for for 20 – 30 seconds or until bleeding stops. You might experience a slight sting at first but that’s the indication that your cut is being sealed. The alum block acts as a coagulant to stop bleeding. [7]
Remove the alum block from the skin if the tingling begins to feel too intense or uncomfortable.
Wash face (or other body part) with cold water to close pores and wash away any residue from the alum block.
Don't forget to let your block dry before putting it away.
Try alum deodorant. Some people use alum as an alternative to typical deodorants. This might be a good alternative if you are looking to avoid spraying or rubbing chemicals on your body.[8]
Talk to your doctor before trying an alum (or "crystal" antiperspirant. Some health care providers feel that it might be linked to diseases such as breast cancer. While the research is inconclusive, it is important to be aware of this possibility.

its not fair a man that has led this team well was finally sacked

we are in the world of fashions the babies that are born aren't even aware of the things the parents are doing we have to appreciate what the Lord has giving to us God hasn't done a mistake to let us in the world DONT BLEACH OUR BABIES

David Umahi

Ebonyi State Governor, David Umahi, has vowed not to pay civil servants, government appointees salary furthermore without Bank Verification Number (BVN).

Umahi made the vow in Abakaliki on Wednesday while expressing dissatisfaction to Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN)’s declaration that the state is very far in National Financial Inclusion.

“Anybody that doesn’t have BVN should not expect salary. No BVN, no salary. Whether it is political or not. The Deputy Governor has BVN and I have BVN. So, any political appointee that doesn’t have BVN, no salary. Any civil servant that doesn’t have BVN or have incomplete BVN or intentionally gave out wrong BVN, I have noted that and such a person will not take a salary until they have BVN.

“Commissioners for Local Government, you have to implement that immediately. No salary for the month of November, December until everybody has got a BVN, this is very important. So, some of you that have not opened an account for the first time in your life, you now open account. They said Ebonyi is the least in bank account opening, it shouldn’t be.”

According to Ebonyi State Branch Controller of CBN, Adayi Chris Onah, who told the state Executive Council that the Financial Acess Performance across geo-political zones of the country showed that South East has average
exclusion rate of 29.3%.

He maintained that, Ebonyi State has 43.6% which is above the national average of 36.8% and the regional average of 29.3% while other states in the zone are recording an average of between 25.4%-28.7%, Ebonyi State was still very far at 43.6% exclusion rate, hence the state was selected in the south-east for a pilot exercise for account opening week which would commence from December 2-7, 2019.

Onah added that the state government has accessed over N12bn through various interventions of the bank while some other persons in the state also accessed over N4bn.

However, Governor Umahi also announced appointments of more 513 aides designated as Technical Assistants (TAs).

A statement from his Principal Secretary (PS), Chief Clement Nweke directed the newly appointed 513 TAs to report to the office of the PS with their credentials for documentation.

Recall that Umahi had last three months appointed over 1,000 aides including the TAs, Senior Technical Assistants (STAs), Executive Assistants (EAs), Commissioners, Senior Special Assistants and Special Assistants.

*HAPPY CHRIST THE KING CELEBRATION!*

*WHAT IS CHRIST THE KING?*

Christ the King is a title of Jesus based on several passages of Scripture. It is used by most Christians. The Catholic Church and many Protestant denominations, including Anglicans, Presbyterians, Lutherans and Methodists, celebrate the Feast of Christ the King on the Sunday before the first Sunday of Advent. The Feast of Christ the King is thus on the Sunday that falls between 20 and 26 November, inclusive. Originally, the liturgical calendar had this feast on the last Sunday of October prior to All Saints' Day, where it is still celebrated in the Extraordinary form of the Roman Rite and by The Anglican Catholic Church. The title "Christ the King" is also frequently used as a name for churches, schools, seminaries, hospitals and religious institutes.
ORIGIN
The name is found in various forms of scripture: King (John 18:36-37), King eternal (1 Timothy 1:17), King of Israel (John 1:49, Mt. 27:42, Mark 15:32), King of the Jews by Romans and Magi (Mt. 2:2, Mt. 27:11, cf. John 18:33-37), King of kings (1 Tim 6:15; Rev. 19:16), King of the ages (Book of Revelation 15:3) and Ruler of the kings of the Earth (Rev. 1:5).
ALSO:
Jesus, King of the Jews
Kingly office of Christ, one of the Threefold offices
The Kingdom of God and the Kingdom of Heaven are theological concepts interpreted variously.
Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews is the fullest form of the inscription and is given in the Gospel of John (19:19), the writer of which claiming to be an eyewitness. The three Synoptic Gospels all report that the title "King of the Jews" was inscribed on the titulus attached to the cross by the Romans (indicating a misguided sentence of revolutionary sedition), and which is found on many crucifixes.
The Roman Catholic Church,the Anglican Church, and the Lutheran Church celebrate the Feast of Christ the King on the last Sunday of the liturgical year (Ordinary Form of the Roman Rite) and on the last Sunday in October, immediately before the feast of All Saints (Extraordinary Form of the Roman Rite). It is a solemnity in the Roman Catholic Calendar. The Feast of Christ the King is followed by the First Sunday of Advent, the beginning of the liturgical year. Paola, Malta celebrates it on the third Sunday of July.
Cristo Rey, the Spanish translation used for several placenames.
The similar conception of Christ Pantocrator associated with Orthodox Christianity
Throne of God.
Today is a day when catholics all around the world celebrate the Kingship of Christ by processing with the Blessed Sacrament through the streets to proclaim to the world that *INDEED, CHRIST IS KING!!*
*HAPPY SUNDAY TOO*

Now, I have to spill a secret. I’ve always admired older men (not in a creepy way though). I have had crushes on my professors back in my college days. And, when I say "older," I mean guys who are 10–15 years older than I am and not the "old" retired type.
I am always drawn to them; maybe it is their maturity or the way they express their opinions on difficult topics and challenge me mentally, or it is the way they carry themselves, or maybe it is because they are already self-sufficient.
Some people tell me that I may just be looking for a father-figure, but I am not. There are a lot of good reasons why some women like me prefer older men, and I am going to enumerate some of them here.
Reasons Why Women Date Older Men
1. They are more experienced and cultured.
2. They are more financially stable.
3. They are better at pleasing women.
4. They are looking for more serious relationships.
5. They have a more sophisticated taste.
6. They are great cooks.
7. They live a healthier lifestyle.
8. They do not go out and party as often as younger men.
9. Psychological and biological reasons


May—December Romance
There are many women out there who seek out and build relationships with older men, so much so that there is a term for it in the western world, the May—December romance. While many people may look down at couples that have a significant age gap between them, there are some very legitimate reasons why women seek out older men to have romantic relationships with.

Why Is It Called a May—December Romance?
The use of the term May—December romance to describe a younger woman dating an older man comes from European culture. The phrase makes use of metaphors of the seasons, with May representing springtime when a woman is her youthful best and December representing the start of winter when the man is past his prime.

Why Women Find Older Men More Desirable

1. More Experienced and Cultured
Men are like wine: they get better with age. Their experiences in life, at work, and in previous relationships have taught them a lot of life lessons to make their situation better than before. They are more mature and understand that things don’t always happen the way they want them to and so they see more understanding and patient with their partners.
They know what they want and they go for it. They are very confident and so they carry themselves very well, especially in public. They are generally well-mannered. They have been to several places in the past and so they know a lot of things about other cultures.


2. Older Men Are More Financially Stable
Let’s face it; most women look for men who can support/contribute to them financially. It is all about practicality. When you start a family, for example, it is important that the man is able to provide security. A self-sufficient woman will not easily settle for anyone who doesn't earn at all. For some women in the poorer regions, they seek out men who are capable of supporting themselves because they are the ideal partner. They will not settle for a man who has no job because life is already difficult for them as it is and can't afford additional mouths to feed.
Now, from a logical perspective, a typical guy in his late 20s will have fewer savings, less wealth, and fewer assets accumulated compared to what he'll become 20 years later. That is considering that he continued to work and save as he gets older. In this regard, an older man has enough assets and money in the bank to support a family. This is why some women go for men who have stable jobs instead of those who are still generally starting with their career when they are planning to start a family. You don't have to be rich, no, this article is not about that at all.
I am not saying that women should depend on their partner financially, no. In fact, I admire women who stand up for themselves and accomplish a lot of things on their own. But, some societies consider it ideal for women to stay at home and take care of the kids and for the husband to work to support the family.

3. Older Men May Be Better in Terms of Pleasing and Treating Women
In my opinion, older men have had their fair share of both short-lived and more stable relationships, and this gives them a bit of an advantage when it comes to handling relationships. Their previous experiences have helped them learn what women generally want and what makes women happy.
Not only do they know more in bed, but they also understand women a little bit better. They are also more sensitive to their partner's needs. Older men tend to be more romantic as well. They have a good sense of humor that does not involve shaming their friends or other destructive behavior.
Just think about it for a second: older men have had the time to develop and practice their skills at pleasing women. This experience makes a big difference in comparison to younger men who have not yet put in the same amount of work when it comes to treating and pleasing women.

4. Older Men Generally Look for a Serious Relationship
Men mature much later than women, and normally middle age in men is the age of maturity. This is where they seek a more stable and healthy relationship. This is the age where they usually have pieced their life altogether, and they are now ready for a more serious and deeper commitment.
Women who are tired of short-lived and immature relationships can find a more satisfying and more stable relationship with an older guy than a guy in his late 20s for example. Younger men are still at an age where they love to explore and try different things before settling on something more serious.
So, if a girl feels that she is ready to tie the knot, or if she is ready for a serious commitment and ready to start a family, a younger man in his late 20's is just not the right person for her.

5. Older Men Have More Sophisticated Tastes
When it comes to the finer things in life like wine, food, beer, traveling, and clothes, older men tend to choose the better quality ones. First, they can afford it (although it doesn't really have to be expensive) and second, they just know that it is good. I repeat, it doesn't have to be expensive. For example, my partner always tells me to buy undies made of cotton and so I have learned to make it a habit to always read the label before I purchase anything. It doesn't matter if it is $4 or $50, if it is 100% cotton (read the label carefully) it is the same quality actually.
They also know that when it comes to food and drinks, quality does not always come with a hefty price. You don’t need to eat at a 5-star restaurant to be able to enjoy your food. You can find an affordable place that serves 5-star quality food and drinks with much better service as well.
Me and my partner often cook our own food when we travel. We both love going to the local market and buy our own stuff. That way we see more of the place, we talk to the locals (although it is difficult sometimes given the language barrier but the experience is well worth it) and we get to find huge deals. We also contribute directly to the local economy and that's a very good thing. We rarely go to expensive restaurants because food there is not always satisfying especially when you can both cook nice food.
When traveling, older men avoid touristy places because they know that they won’t get authentic products for the right price and they won’t be able to enjoy the scenery with the entire crowd roaming around. They are happy to sit in one corner where you can have all the views for yourself. Now that takes careful planning, timing, and experience. Older men as experienced travelers, know that.

6. Older Men Are Pretty Good in the Kitchen as Well
I love to cook and I am very good at it, but I am still always amazed at my partner because he can cook very well. I find it very sexy when a man knows how to cook and not just a simple dish like boiled potatoes and fried eggs. I mean some dishes like beef bourguignon, potato au gratin, Indian curry, lasagna, and stuff like that.
I really admire men who can cook and fend for themselves. It is quite seldom for younger guys these days to be self-sufficient, especially in my own country. They always rely on their mothers to cook for them and take care of all their needs, and that is not my cup of tea.

7. Older Men Generally Live a Healthy Lifestyle
They love to drink wine and beer and yes some of them smoke as well, but they know their limitations. The only time this is not the case is when they are having difficulty coping with their own problems which I believe is an exception because older men can generally handle their issues because they are mature enough to solve them.
Older men also tend to have at least one or two sports that they really enjoy doing. They maintain an active lifestyle apart from the office. They like spending their money on things like travel and spare parts for their car or bike and not on gadgets and game consoles which the younger men are more inclined to buy. My partner for example, recently bought a new GPS device from the Garmin brand and we used it when we went hiking in Greece. It was really worth it.
They also understand the need for relaxation time, and they do not feel the need to constantly push themselves into exhaustion like so many younger men. Instead, they take a more focused, laid-back approach.

8. Older Men Are Less Focused on Partying
I am not a party girl, and I never liked parties and big crowds in the first place. Even in my teenage years, I was like an old woman in a young woman’s body. Younger men tend to like parties, booze, and loud music and I just can’t bring myself to relate to them even if I force it. I just don’t like it.
I also don’t find myself enjoying the company of younger men and talking to them endlessly because their choice of topics does not jive with my interests. I find their topics a little bit shallow for my taste. Younger men usually talk about girls, cars, technology, and gadgets. Older men, on the other hand, can talk about politics, religion, sexuality, economics, relationships, food, and travel which are exactly my interests.
Older men also tend to realize that the kind of party-heavy lifestyle many young men focus on is unsustainable and not good for one's health. This goes hand-in-hand with their focus on living a healthy lifestyle. Instead, they tend to enjoy the company of their good friends, in social settings where everyone can be heard and interesting conversations can take place.

9. Psychological and Biological Reasons
There are a few psychological and biological reasons why women are attracted to older men, particularly women on the younger side who are still in their 20s or early 30s. From an evolutionary perspective, men can remain fertile longer, and thus an older man who has survived has accumulated more resources than a younger man.
The fact that the man has made it that far in life also is a clue that he has good genetics and robust health, making him a desirable mate. Remember, that in prehistoric times men would not live all that long, so the ones that did were more likely to pass on their genes.

Congratulations the lord have wiped away your tears take care of them���

David Adedeji Adeleke (born November 21, 1992), better known by his stage name Davido, is a Nigerian singer, songwriter, and record producer. Born in Atlanta and raised in Lagos, Davido made his music debut as a member of the music group KB International.
He studied business administration at Oakwood University before dropping out to make beats and record vocal references. Davido rose to fame in 2011 with the release of "Dami Duro", the second single from his debut studio album Omo Baba Olowo (2012).
The album also contains six additional singles: "Back When", "Ekuro", "Overseas", "All of You", "Gbon Gbon", and "Feel Alright". In 2012, Davido won the Next Rated award at The Headies. Between 2013 and 2015, he released the hit singles "Gobe", "One of a Kind", "Skelewu", "Aye", "Tchelete (Goodlife)" featuring Mafikizolo, "Naughty" featuring DJ Arafat, "Owo Ni Koko", "The Sound" and "The Money" featuring Olamide.

Jose Mourinho has been appointed Tottenham manager after the sacking of Mauricio Pochettino on Tuesday.
Former Chelsea and Manchester United boss Mourinho has signed a contract until the end of the 2022-23 season.
"The quality in both the squad and the academy excites me," said the 56-year-old Portuguese. "Working with these players is what has attracted me."
Spurs chairman Daniel Levy said: "In Jose we have one of the most successful managers in football."
Mourinho will hold his first news conference as Tottenham boss at 14:00 GMT on Thursday.
Lille coaches Joao Sacramento and Nuno Santos will join his backroom team, the French club have confirmed
Tottenham reached the Champions League final last season under Pochettino, but lost 2-0 to Liverpool in Madrid.
The Argentine, who was appointed in May 2014, did not win a trophy in his time in charge of the north London club, with Spurs' last silverware being the League Cup in 2008.
Levy said Mourinho has "a wealth of experience, can inspire teams and is a great tactician".
"He has won honours at every club he has coached," he added. "We believe he will bring energy and belief to the dressing room."
Mourinho still has a home in London and won three Premier League titles - in 2005, 2006 and 2015 - as well as one FA Cup in two spells at Chelsea.
Having taken over at Manchester United in May 2016, he won the Europa League and Carabao Cup with them in 2017.
Mourinho was sacked by the Old Trafford club in December 2018, with the club 19 points behind league leaders Liverpool, and had not managed another side before joining Spurs.
He has also previously managed Portuguese side Porto, where he won the Champions League in 2004.
At Italian club Inter Milan, Mourinho won a league, cup and Champions League treble in 2010 and was named Fifa's world coach of the year, while he led Spanish team Real Madrid to the La Liga title in 2012.
He takes over a Spurs side that are without a win in their past five games and have slipped to 14th in the Premier League, 20 points behind leaders Liverpool after just 12 matches.
Tottenham Hotspur Supporters' Trust had said "many fans thought Poch had earned the right" to try to turn around the side's form and that "there are questions that must be asked of the board".
Following Mourinho's appointment, it said it had "concerns about how Jose and our club's executive board will work together".
It added: "The club must ensure it does not find itself in the same position in two or three years' time, and we need to hear from the executive board what the long-term thinking behind this appointment is."
Mourinho's first match in charge is a trip to West Ham United on Saturday (12:30 GMT kick-off).
Spurs go to Manchester United on 4 December, and host another of Mourinho's former teams - Chelsea - on 22 December.
Mourinho has turned down a number of managerial opportunities, including in China, Spain and Portugal, since leaving Old Trafford.

Jose Mourinho has been out of work since being sacked by Manchester United
Former Manchester United and Chelsea boss Jose Mourinho is in talks to replace Mauricio Pochettino as Tottenham manager.
Pochettino, 47, was sacked as Spurs boss on Tuesday after five years in charge of the north London club.
The Argentine led Spurs to the Champions League final last season, where they lost to Liverpool.
Portuguese Mourinho has been out of work since being sacked by United in December 2018.
No deal has yet been reached between Mourinho and Spurs.
Tottenham sack manager Pochettino
An 'extraordinary' sacking - but the right decision?
How Pochettino's Spurs reign unravelled - in numbers
Football Daily 'Pochcast' - the day Spurs sacked their manager
The ex-Chelsea, Porto, Real Madrid and Inter Milan manager has turned down a number of job opportunities, including in China, Spain and Portugal, since leaving Old Trafford.
There have been reports of a falling out between Pochettino and chairman Daniel Levy, but the decision was taken purely because of the poor results over a number of months, starting last February.
Bournemouth's Eddie Howe, RB Leipzig's Julian Nagelsmann and free agent Massimiliano Allegri, who left Juventus at the end of last season, have all been linked with the job.
However, Mourinho is keen to take the helm at White Hart Lane, and if talks between the club and his representatives are successfully concluded, an announcement could be made as soon as Wednesday morning UK time.
Some officials at the club are increasing confident Mourinho could be unveiled at a press conference on Thursday if negotiations go well.
Guillem Balague column: 'Sacking may be liberating for Pochettino'
Redknapp and Waddle on Pochettino sacking
Reaction as Pochettino leaves Spurs
Analysis
Spurs have never hired a manager as expensive or demanding as Mourinho, nor spent the kind of money on players that he became accustomed to at clubs such as Real Madrid and Manchester United.
Many fans will therefore be surprised that he is in contention, with RB Leipzig's young coach Julian Nagelsmann appearing a much more natural fit.
But Spurs have come a long way in recent years under Pochettino. They have a new £1bn stadium and training ground, and four successive seasons in the Champions League, (along with player sales) have helped them to become the
most profitable club in world football.
They now have a European pedigree, and a hugely talented squad.
Mourinho has been out of the game for almost a year and having retained a home in London, the job appeals to him.
His tribulations at Manchester United saw him lose his 'Special One' status, but his many achievements in the game still command widespread respect.
Chairman Daniel Levy must now decide whether to gamble on Mourinho, who as he proved at Old Trafford, may be box office, but can also be high maintenance.

contact line 09074549373
Prepress is the term used in the printing and
publishing industries for the processes and procedures that occur between the creation of a print layout and the final printing. The prepress procedure includes the manufacture of a printing plate, image carrier or form, ready for mounting on a printing press, as well as the adjustment of images and texts or the creation of a high-quality print file. In today's prepress shop, the form of delivery from the customer is usually electronic, either a PDF or application files created from such programs as Scribus,
Adobe InDesign Adobe illustrator or
QuarkXPress .
Processes
The following items have each been considered part of prepress at one time or another:
1. Typesetting involves the presentation of textual material in graphic form on paper or some other medium. Before the advent of desktop publishing, typesetting of printed material was produced in print shops by compositors or typesetters working by hand, and later with machines.
2. Copy-editing , is the work that an editor does to improve the formatting, style, and accuracy of a manuscript. [1][2] Copy-editing is done prior to the work of proofreaders, who handle documents before final publication.
3. Markup is an artificial language using a set of annotations to text that give instructions regarding the structure of text or how it is to be displayed. Markup languages have been in use for centuries, and in recent years have also been used in computer typesetting and word-processing systems.
4. Proofing involves creating an accurate facsimile of the artwork before beginning production runs. This serves as a bond between the printer and their customer that the final product meets an agreed upon standard. Proofs in general can be done for all parts (images, illustrations, texts and colors) of print product. In this part, three types of proofing should be checked and printed out: the print-ready PDF files, the printer's proof and the imposition proof. Print-ready PDF files should be made after the layout using preflight at the printing house. The printer's proof should be printed out in high-resolution and checked by the customer. The imposition proof, which is usually done by the printers, should also be printed out to check and adjust the printing press.
5. Proofreading traditionally means reading a proof copy of a text in order to detect and correct any errors. Modern proofreading often requires reading copy at earlier stages as well.
6. Screening and adjustment of a continuous tone of images such as photographs
7. Imposition , or the combination of many pages into a single signature form.
8. Separation, or specifying images or text to be put on plates applying individual printing media (inks, varnishes, etc.) to a common print.
9. Computer to plate (CTP), or the transfer of the image to the printing plate. A platesetter, or CTP device, uses a laser to burn the image from a computer file onto a printing plate. Plates are made of different materials, depending on the needs of the printing method. Usually rubber, plastic and aluminum are used for plates.
10. Manufacturing of a high-quality print (PDF) file, which is used for the final printing.
11. Planning, Paper select, choosing a proper paper is also a very important step in prepress.
In most modern publishing environments, the tasks related to content generation and refinement are carried out separately from other prepress tasks, and are commonly characterized as part of graphic design . Some companies combine the roles of graphic design and prepress production into desktop publishing usually called DTP.
The set of procedures used in any particular prepress environment is known as a workflow . Workflows vary, depending on the printing process (e.g., letterpress , offset , digital printing ,
screen printing), the final product (books, newspapers, product packaging), and the implementation of specific prepress technologies. For example, it is not uncommon to use a computer and image-setter to generate film which is then stripped and used to expose the plate in a vacuum frame; this workflow is hybrid because separation and
halftoning are carried out via digital processes while the exposure of the plate is an analog one. That demonstrates that the borders around the prepress are very fluid. Furthermore, – depending on the printing method and the print product – the elements of the prepress of a graphic print production can differ from case to case. This circumstance requires a management of the workflow. It is necessary to manage the responsibility for each part of the workflow. That can mean that employees, who are actually responsible for other parts of the production (e.g. Layout), have to attend to parts of the prepress.
History
During the 1980s and 1990s, computer-aided prepress techniques began to supplant the traditional dark room and light table processes, and by the early 2000s the word prepress became, in some ways, synonymous with
digital pre-press .[3] Immediately before the mainstream introduction of computers to the process, much of the industry was using large format cameras to make emulsion-based (film) copies of text and images. This film was then assembled (planning (UK) or stripping) and used to expose another layer of emulsion on a plate, thus copying images from one emulsion to another. This method is still used; however, as digital pre-press technology has become less cost intensive, more efficient and reliable, and as the knowledge and skill required to use the new hardware and especially software have become more widespread within the labor force, digital automation has been introduced to almost every part of the process. Some topics related to digital but not analog prepress include preflighting (verifying the presence, quality and format of each digital component),
color management , and RIPping.
PDF workflows also became predominant. Vendors of Prepress systems, in addition to the offset printing industry, embraced a subset of the PDF format referred to as PDF/X1-a. [4] This industry specific subset is one version of the
PDF/X (PDF for eXchange) set of standards.
In more recent years, prepress software has been developed which is designed to find as many efficiencies in prepress workflow as possible. These tools are accessed online, and allow different workers to work on 7one project at the same time, often from different locations. Key functionality automates common steps to reduce errors, reinforce quality standards and speed up production. Examples include automatically re-folioing pages, digital dummies for soft proofs, live linking with Adobe InDesign and pre-flight checking. These tools revolve around a Flatplan and are used in all sorts of prepress including book, magazine and catalog production.

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Prepress is the term used in the printing and
publishing industries for the processes and procedures that occur between the creation of a print layout and the final printing. The prepress procedure includes the manufacture of a printing plate, image carrier or form, ready for mounting on a printing press, as well as the adjustment of images and texts or the creation of a high-quality print file. In today's prepress shop, the form of delivery from the customer is usually electronic, either a PDF or application files created from such programs as Scribus,
Adobe InDesign Adobe illustrator or
QuarkXPress .
Processes
The following items have each been considered part of prepress at one time or another:
1. Typesetting involves the presentation of textual material in graphic form on paper or some other medium. Before the advent of desktop publishing, typesetting of printed material was produced in print shops by compositors or typesetters working by hand, and later with machines.
2. Copy-editing , is the work that an editor does to improve the formatting, style, and accuracy of a manuscript. [1][2] Copy-editing is done prior to the work of proofreaders, who handle documents before final publication.
3. Markup is an artificial language using a set of annotations to text that give instructions regarding the structure of text or how it is to be displayed. Markup languages have been in use for centuries, and in recent years have also been used in computer typesetting and word-processing systems.
4. Proofing involves creating an accurate facsimile of the artwork before beginning production runs. This serves as a bond between the printer and their customer that the final product meets an agreed upon standard. Proofs in general can be done for all parts (images, illustrations, texts and colors) of print product. In this part, three types of proofing should be checked and printed out: the print-ready PDF files, the printer's proof and the imposition proof. Print-ready PDF files should be made after the layout using preflight at the printing house. The printer's proof should be printed out in high-resolution and checked by the customer. The imposition proof, which is usually done by the printers, should also be printed out to check and adjust the printing press.
5. Proofreading traditionally means reading a proof copy of a text in order to detect and correct any errors. Modern proofreading often requires reading copy at earlier stages as well.
6. Screening and adjustment of a continuous tone of images such as photographs
7. Imposition , or the combination of many pages into a single signature form.
8. Separation, or specifying images or text to be put on plates applying individual printing media (inks, varnishes, etc.) to a common print.
9. Computer to plate (CTP), or the transfer of the image to the printing plate. A platesetter, or CTP device, uses a laser to burn the image from a computer file onto a printing plate. Plates are made of different materials, depending on the needs of the printing method. Usually rubber, plastic and aluminum are used for plates.
10. Manufacturing of a high-quality print (PDF) file, which is used for the final printing.
11. Planning, Paper select, choosing a proper paper is also a very important step in prepress.
In most modern publishing environments, the tasks related to content generation and refinement are carried out separately from other prepress tasks, and are commonly characterized as part of graphic design . Some companies combine the roles of graphic design and prepress production into desktop publishing usually called DTP.
The set of procedures used in any particular prepress environment is known as a workflow . Workflows vary, depending on the printing process (e.g., letterpress , offset , digital printing ,
screen printing), the final product (books, newspapers, product packaging), and the implementation of specific prepress technologies. For example, it is not uncommon to use a computer and image-setter to generate film which is then stripped and used to expose the plate in a vacuum frame; this workflow is hybrid because separation and
halftoning are carried out via digital processes while the exposure of the plate is an analog one. That demonstrates that the borders around the prepress are very fluid. Furthermore, – depending on the printing method and the print product – the elements of the prepress of a graphic print production can differ from case to case. This circumstance requires a management of the workflow. It is necessary to manage the responsibility for each part of the workflow. That can mean that employees, who are actually responsible for other parts of the production (e.g. Layout), have to attend to parts of the prepress.
History
During the 1980s and 1990s, computer-aided prepress techniques began to supplant the traditional dark room and light table processes, and by the early 2000s the word prepress became, in some ways, synonymous with
digital pre-press .[3] Immediately before the mainstream introduction of computers to the process, much of the industry was using large format cameras to make emulsion-based (film) copies of text and images. This film was then assembled (planning (UK) or stripping) and used to expose another layer of emulsion on a plate, thus copying images from one emulsion to another. This method is still used; however, as digital pre-press technology has become less cost intensive, more efficient and reliable, and as the knowledge and skill required to use the new hardware and especially software have become more widespread within the labor force, digital automation has been introduced to almost every part of the process. Some topics related to digital but not analog prepress include preflighting (verifying the presence, quality and format of each digital component),
color management , and RIPping.
PDF workflows also became predominant. Vendors of Prepress systems, in addition to the offset printing industry, embraced a subset of the PDF format referred to as PDF/X1-a. [4] This industry specific subset is one version of the
PDF/X (PDF for eXchange) set of standards.
In more recent years, prepress software has been developed which is designed to find as many efficiencies in prepress workflow as possible. These tools are accessed online, and allow different workers to work on one project at the same time, often from different locations. Key functionality automates common steps to reduce errors, reinforce quality standards and speed up production. Examples include automatically re-folioing pages, digital dummies for soft proofs, live linking with Adobe InDesign and pre-flight checking. These tools revolve around a Flatplan and are used in all sorts of prepress including book, magazine and catalog production.

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University of Nigeria Enugu Campus (UNEC) Losses a master degree student
A Masters Degree student, Modestus Onah Ekene slumped and died at Okpara square Enugu while jogging alongside members of the Coal City Exercise club on November 9.
According to an eye witness, the deceased said to be in his late thirties and a o Red Cross Enugu member started panting but no one noticed that he was struggling as the group usually use "Ogene" and "Ichaka" to entertain themselves as they jog round the coal city.
He suddenly slumped and other members of the club who thought that he had a slip tried to help him up to his feet but to their surprise his body became lifeless.
He was rushed to a nearby hospital where he was pronounced dead by doctors.
Late Modestus hailed from Nsukka and a graduate of clinical psychology from Enugu state university of science and Technology and was until his death, a Master degree student at University of Nigeria Enugu Campus (UNEC).
May his soul rest in peace

Cassava is a tuber crop native to South America; However, Nigeria is the world's leading producer. It contains very high level of starch, and is processed in many ways to get an edible end-product. In this article, we are going to see how to make cassava flour (called garri) from raw cassava.
1. Peel off the skin of the cassava tubers. Try as much as possible not to peel too deep
2. Wash the peeled tubers. Use a lot of water because this is the only washing you are going to do.
3. Cut the tubers into medium sizes. This is because they are going to be ground in a grinding machine. Smaller sizes increases the speed.
4. Take them to the machine (usually a very large one) and grind them.
5. After the grinding, the cassava powder (still watery) need to be packed in long bags and drilled to ultimate dryness in a jack for 2-3 days.
6. Using a wide sieve, sieve off the fine cassava powder from other particles.
7. Then, using a wide frying pan, fry the powder in reasonable portions until it becomes very dry and brittle
8. Pack your garri in a dry place, and start enjoying your meal.

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