₦airaland Forum

Bigjay3201:
Good evening house. Pls, can the gurus in the house help to crack this hard nut? Thanks

Pls I really need help with this..

by Ijeoma Nwogwugwu


"As long as Nigeria continues to produce half-baked students from our primary and secondary schools, the quality of its workforce will be substandard, irrespective of the number of degrees it has acquired".

Nigeria and Pakistan have a lot of similarities. Both
countries have large populations – Nigeria, an estimated
167 million people, while Pakistan is estimated to have 180
million people; both have economies of roughly the same
size – Nigeria has a nominal GDP of $289.9 billion (2013
estimate), while Pakistan has a nominal GDP of $230.5
billion; both are classified as middle income economies and
have been identified as the Next Eleven (N-11). The N-11
comprising Bangladesh, Mexico, Nigeria, Egypt, Indonesia,
Turkey, Pakistan, Iran, Philippines, South Korea and
Vietnam have been tipped by Goldman Sachs investment
bank and its former Chief Economist Jim O’Neill as having
the potential of becoming, along with the BRICs (or BRICS if
South Africa is added), the world’s largest economies in the
21st century.

In other areas, both countries have diverse ethnic
nationalities and regional languages, but use English as
their official language. Nigeria and Pakistan are also
largely hierarchical societies, with an emphasis on local
cultural etiquettes. Both countries also have large Muslim
populations but with a slight divergence. While 97 per cent
of Pakistanis are Muslim and is the second largest Muslim-
majority country in world, about 47 per cent of Nigerians
are Muslim and has the sixth largest adherents of the
Islamic faith in the world.

My interest in both countries has been spurred by a citizen
of Pakistan Malala Yousafzai, the 16-year-old schoolgirl
who has been advocating for the rights to education for
girls since the age of 11. I first became conscious of this
brave young girl early in 2012 when I watched
documentaries on her activism on the BBC and CNN. As I
watched her – she was 14 at the time – I marvelled at her
eloquence and keen sense of understanding as she made a
case for girls’ rights to education in the Swat Valley, a
border region between Pakistan and Afghanistan, where the
Taliban had banned girls them from going to school.
Horrifically, her activism and the global attention that it
drew made her the target of the dreaded Taliban militia. A
few months after watching the documentaries, Malala was
shot in the head and neck by Taliban gunmen. The attempt
on Malala’s life and her miraculous recovery has
catapulted her to the kind of global prominence that we
mere mortals could only dream of. She has spoken at the
United Nations, has garnered several accolades and
awards, two weeks ago, was the favourite to win the Nobel
Peace Prize, until the awards committee decided otherwise,
and last week was the special guest of Queen Elizabeth II of
Britain. In all this time, she has comported herself
magnificently and spoken with a precociousness that is
rare for a girl her age from any part of the world.
But what I found most fascinating about that this young
girl from the town of Mingora in the Swat District of
Pakistan was that she able to survive because of first, the
delicate surgery to remove the bullet lodged in her head
and stop the swelling in her brain was carried out by
surgeons in a military hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan,
before she was airlifted to the UK for further treatment. The
second being, this girl, Malala, had already attained an
education long before the attempt on her life. It is at these
two particular junctures that the divergence between
Pakistan and Nigeria, both Third World developing
countries, becomes very stark.

Since Malala’s recovery and reemergence on the global
stage, I have wondered whether a young girl under similar
circumstances would have been afforded the same medical
attention in Nigeria as Malala before she was flown to the
UK. Does Nigeria have the same kind of health care facilities
and medical personnel as Pakistan, with the capacity to
undertake a life-saving surgery on the brain?

More importantly, that a girl who grew up, was once made
a refugee, and was educated in a remote, war-torn region
that the Taliban had made a stronghold, was still able to
get an education that was qualitative and has given her
the confidence to interact with a global audience, is
inspiring. How many young girls and boys who have
attended schools in remote Nigerian villages can boast of
the same quality of education? How many of them can
represent us on the global stage and make us swell with
pride with the same kind of diction and intelligence that
Malala has projected? Sadly, very, very few.

It is telling that Pakistan, which has so many similarities
with Nigeria and also has a militant insurgency that puts it
on the back foot, is still able to provide decent health care
services and qualitative education to its citizens. Mind you,
this young girl Malala is still of secondary school age. She
has not even attained a university education. Yet she has
displayed the capacity to put millions of Nigerian
graduates with their two, three and four degrees in the
shade.

It is for this reason I have often argued, whenever the topic
of education comes up, that a proper, broad-based
education is attained at the foundation level; that is, at the
elementary and secondary school level. It is also for the
same reason most countries, Nigeria and Pakistan
inclusive, offer free basic education, because that is when
actual literacy is attained. In contrast, a university
education only offers specialisation, skills and
qualifications in isolated disciplines.

Indeed, in other parts of the world, where a premium is
placed on basic education, it is assumed that by the time
an individual is applying for a university degree
programme, that person is able to read and write
coherently, can assimilate and think critically about the
written word, and is numerically literate. Unfortunately,
all three attributes are glaringly missing in Nigeria simply
because the quality of education at the foundation level is
abysmally flawed.

A review of the information found on the website of the
Universal Basic Education Commission (UBEC), shows that
the commission was set up by the federal government as a
reform programme aimed at providing greater access to,
and ensuring the quality of basic education throughout
Nigeria. The UBE programme objectives include: ensuring
uninterrupted access to nine-year formal education by
providing free and compulsory basic education for every
child of school age. The emphasis is on six years of primary
education and three years of junior secondary school (JSS)
education; reducing the school drop out rate; and the
acquisition of literacy, numeracy, life skills and values for
lifelong education and useful living.

The website further provides data on primary and JSS
school enrolment by state up to 2012 and national
summary basic education data up to 2009, but is bereft of
information on teacher profession development for the
training of teachers in all states of the federation, is silent
on the number of children that are of school age but are
out of school, and has no information on the teacher to
student ratio in the states. It is also silent on tools and
implements available in schools, and the enforcement of
quality assurance in the 36 states of the federation and
Abuja.

While UBEC might have played a role in universal access to
education at the foundation level, it is uncertain that the
commission has laid much emphasis on the quality of
education offered Nigerian pupils. In recognition of the
importance of basic education, UBEC is one of the few
government agencies enshrined in the constitution and is
accorded a first line charge on the Consolidated Revenue
Fund. Still Nigeria continues to churn out semi-literates and
illiterates who go on to universities and eventually call
themselves graduates.

It is apparent that a total overhaul of the education
system, especially at the foundation level, is long overdue.
Contrary to the argument put forward by the Academic
Staff Union of Universities (ASUU) that 26 per cent of the
federal budget should be assigned to tertiary institutions, I
am of the view that the 26 per cent should go to primary
and secondary schools. (The UN prescribes that countries
should assign 26 per cent of their budgets to the education
sector.) If only they can muster the political will to
introduce school fees, universities can actually fend for
themselves and improve on the delivery of qualitative
graduate and post-graduate education. Primary and
secondary education, on the other hand, which must be
free, must be given greater attention in any country
desirous of a literate population.

As long as Nigeria continues to produce half-baked students
from our primary and secondary schools, the quality of its
workforce will be substandard, irrespective of the number
of degrees it has acquired. A substandard workforce has its
attendant costs, as employers would have to spend more
resources training entry-level employees assumed to have
been educated in the first instance. In addition, a
substandard workforce means that the output by its
personnel would also be substandard, requiring employers
to pay more for expatriate personnel for jobs that could
have been handled by Nigerians.

The lesson to be gleaned from Malala and Pakistan is
Nigeria still has a long way to go. All countries marching
towards development lay considerable emphasis on
developing their human capital resources. Where it is
deemphasised, it becomes evident in the quality of the
leadership, the quality of the workforce, the quality of
public discourse, the technological strides a country makes,
and its ability to pull its citizens out of the poverty trap. It
is a vicious cycle from which Nigeria must extricate itself. A
way out is through a well-rounded, qualitative education.

As the Muhammadu Buhari administration clocks one year in power, civil society activist and president, Nigeria Voters Assembly (VOTAS), Comrade Mashood Erubami, looks at the achievements of the new administration, saying it has made giant strides in many areas.
President Muhammadu Buhari clocked one year as an elected president last Sunday. The election represented a change of guard from the unimpressive and unproductive government of Goodluck Ebele Jonathan. Buhari and his All Progressives Congress (APC) rode to power on the crest waves of ‘change’. He was elected on the basis of his personal virtues of transparent, accountable leadership and his promises to bring about positive changes in the economy, to fight corruption and insecurity. He has used his goodwill effectively to ensure that the positive changes to start bearing fruits through changing the rules of engagement and methods of governance in the areas of constitution of the political office holders and programmes of government.
As we have come to understand the change mantra, there is something new in the President Buhari change government given that peoples’ expectation is unarguably very high. The chant of change in itself means that the government represents something new. Change means bringing about difference in a situation positively or otherwise as Nigeria for a long time has existed on very low moral standards. In the last one year, the context of the APC change mantra has been shown to be about bringing the country out of decay to a different status through radical redirection and transformation in new attitudes and new orientation, replacing old, unusual practices with a new and different heart.
Evidently, there has been manifestation of new levels of change in that government has seized to be conducted as business as usual like in the past. The changes have been real, governance has started to be newly democratic remaining to be inclusive, people driven and people owned.
Before the emergence of Buhari in power, the Nigerian economy was growing, but it was not impacting on the lives of the citizenry. Ironically, majority still lives in penury because the prosperity did not trickle down to the poor and the lower middle class.
As a result, it is not easy to evaluate the Buhari administration in the last one year. The administration has been confronted with huge challenges, which affected the ruling party’s already worked out programme to reposition the economy. This development has caused initial discontent among the populace, but with his strong character, honesty and focused leadership, the President has in the last one year adjusted the programme. The delay in constituting his cabinet was also another factor that affected the speed of the government in the last one year.
Artisan, traders and even blue chip businesses have started to pick up in their trades, because Buhari has started to run a new government of change, by facing the multiple problems facing the economy with a strong political will.
Right now Buhari is already making steady progress in diverse areas of life. For instance, the administration has repositioned the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) to become more effective in its operations. Already, has started witnessing achievements that were unheard of in the last 16 years, by contributing to growing the economy and dishing out monthly reports of its activities. Production, sales and income generation from oil are being published in manners that underscore transparency and accountability.
This is another step following after what he introduced while in power as a military head of state between 1983 and 1985, when he made citizens to know the state of the economy through the then Minister of Finance, Dr. Onaolapo Soleye. The minister made public the revenues made on quarterly basis.
On the promise to fight insurgency, it is unarguable that the war against terrorism is being steadily won. Boko Haram insurgents have been disarmed and are no longer controlling territories, kidnapping citizens and terrorizing the people with bombs day and night. Electricity supply for industrial and domestic usages are being engaged towards improvement unlike what obtained before, PMB took the reign, improving productivity, reducing the cost of production and enhancing income/surplus. Not a few of every sector of life enjoy improving electricity supplies even though there are still rooms for improvement.
On corruption, the promise made by PMB is already yielding results, corruption has been made to become an unpardonable offence in Nigeria and those saddled with the fight against corruption are now up and coming in their responsibilities. High calibre offenders are being raked into detention and being queried on their stewardship and very soon will find themselves in jails where they belong.
Today, Nigeria’s rating has improved internationally. The government has started to put pressure on the international community to help it recoup stolen funds tasking world leaders to do something quickly. Right now, Britain and Switzerland are being implored to assist Nigeria in this regard. Notwithstanding the challenges of Corruption fightbacks, Buhari has achieved a lot in the area of fighting corruption in the first one year of his administration and this is quite discernible to all.
It is no gain saying that President Buhari came into government with the exceptional courage to tackle corruption in a country that has been described as ‘fantastically corrupt’.
He is not only fighting corruption, he is also engaging corruption fightback and blocking leakages in the system. The revenue accruing to the nation through the Nigeria Customs Service and the NNPC has increased astronomically.
The President has improved the on the revenue accruing to the country in the face of the falling oil prices in the world market. Yet, the resolve to diversify the economy cannot start yielding result in just months. Buhari inherited an economy in crisis on account of declining oil revenues and an economy also ravaged by large- scale corruption and internal insecurity Sustaining the legacy
As we move through into the second year, the government headed by Buhari must begin to enthrone financial accountability, improve living standards, defeat corruption, reduce unemployment, as well as indiscipline; a phenomenon, which in Buhari’s analysis, three decades ago “is the main problem of Nigeria.” He must go back to the drawing board to begin to make the people the safeguard of the system and relist a comprehensive programme on value re-orientation (relaunching of WAI), as well as resolve the internal rift within his party.
Buhari and the APC should revert to quarterly public information presentation either directly or through his dedicated minister on current and emerging issues about economy, peoples orientation (discipline), gains from anti-crimes and anti-insurgency wars and successes in anti corruption drives to lay bear before the people, information about the three core areas of tasks allotted for the government of change.
The current efforts at fighting corruption should continue to be non-selective and unsparing. The giver and the taker of bribe and stolen money should be treated as equal criminals. If two people commit the same type of crimes, no one should be treated with kid gloves.
The Federal Government should open a dedicated account to serve as a pool for keeping the proceeds of recovered graft and stolen money and make public regularly: Such money should be utilised for better and beneficial purposes that will last longer and sustain prosperity in the life of the citizens; provide equipment for the armed forces; create jobs for our army of unemployed graduates; fix all roads schools and hospitals that are in states of disrepair.

Lagos lawyer Yemi Omodele has advised the people of Ondo State to resist any attempt by the out-going governor , Dr. Segun Mimiko, to impose a candidate on them during the November governorship election. Omodele advised the people to vote for a candidate who will serve them and make good use of the resources to correct what he described as the “anormalies that have bedeviled the state in the last eight years”. He told reporters in Lagos that those who have been imposing candidates on the people do so for selfish reasons. The lawyer, who is also an indigene of the state, said: “the people of the state are hereby advised to and persuaded to vote wisely and vote for a credible candidate. They should avoid voting based on successor or incumbency but vote on who has plans and focus for the state now and in the nearest future. They should shun politicians with sugar coated mouths and those who make promises that cannot be fulfilled. Those who share rice, salt, money and the likes primarily to get their votes should be jettisoned. “A candidate who is willingly and ready to render selfless services for the state should be the one to be elected.” The activist accused the present administration of the state of having failed the people pointing out that the government has not done enough to improve their lot in terms of performances. “Poverty keeps on growing in the state just as the rich are getting richer, the poor are getting poorer. Workers salaries are not paid as at when due while the debt profile continue to grow in spite that the state has resources to make it shine above others.” Omodele accused Mimiko of not doing enough in the area of education and implementing segregation education policy to the neglect of some communities.....#copied

- Dangote’s refinery will have the capacity to refine 650 million barrels of crude
oil a day
– Dangote said Nigeria would be transformed from a fuel importing country to an
exporting one

The Dangote Group, which is currently building what it calls the world’s largest
refinery, has given an assurance that when the plant comes on stream, it will put
an end to the recurring fuel crises in the country.

The executive director, stakeholder management and corporate communications,
Dangote Group, Mr Mansur Ahmed, said by the time the refinery was ready,
Nigeria would be transformed from a fuel importing country to an exporting one.
“That plant itself is the largest single refinery plant anywhere in the world. In
addition to the refinery, we are also going to produce some petrochemical
products from the same complex. These are polyethylene and polypropylene,”
Ahmed was quoted by Punch.

He said the petrochemical plant, which covers 250,000 hectares of land and is
located in the Lekki Free Trade Zone in Lagos, would gulp $14bn, with capacity
to refine 650 million barrels of crude oil a day. The executive director urged the government to deregulate the downstream sector so that investors could play in an open market.

“One would prefer if it was deregulated so that we know that we are playing in
the open market. The key issue is that if I buy crude, whether from Nigeria or
anywhere else, I buy at an international price. If I produce a product and want
to sell, I should sell that product at an international price.

“So, I will not be affected by the decision of local pricing; it is on that concept
that we went into refining. We expect that we will buy our input, especially
crude, for international market price, and that when we produce products, we
will sell those products at international prices.

“The refining industry is a global industry; if you use those international
benchmarks, you shouldn’t really worry about the price. It is about time Nigeria
completely deregulated the downstream industry. The kind of reason that has
compelled the government to fix petroleum product prices has not been tenable,”
Ahmed stated.

Every time, you report the demise of corp members either via political violence or medical inadequacy or clan clashes, etc.
Don't you have sense?! Stop using corp members for elections! Stop using them as experiments to treat Ebola victims! There are trained personnels for that!
This is no longer service. It's a set up. A scam. Scrap this shit called NYSC. The purpose has been defeated.
First, you waste our one year. Then you render us unproductive by deploying us to schools and firms that reduce our IQ level. You finally pay us peanuts as compensation. Some of us work on credit as you skip our payment most times. We even have to plead when we miss a CDS (Corpers' Discussion Scheme) just so we can get a clearance for payrolling. This is an abuse of human right. Nigerian youths are better than this. Some of us leave school regretting what we studied for 4 years. And when we have the time to put our lives into perspective, you send us to
a remote, networkless village where life is lived backwards.
Spare me the bullshit of how many of us get employment, spouses, and a passion for service and tolerance of culture in those rural areas. The whites and the pinks have been doing much more than that without a NYSC scheme in their country. People will find spouse anyhow (even if it's a one-year spiritual or military training).
Let me not talk about how much fund is pumped into this scam that could be used for more productive channels. How do you even generate
revenue to run this? Or is all from the government? Who does that? Financial 'investment' without financial returns? I know those buildings and Secretariat don't generate income. I also know corpers don't give offerings. Neither do they pay alumni dues. On the average, a corper earns #217,800 in 11 months. If you so please to spend this money, give the entire money to every graduate when they leave school. It's a more reasonable money to invest than breaking it into bits.
As for the staff who will cry unemployed when the scheme shuts down, you are the one that encouraged us into SAED (Speeches And Endless Digressions). You should fix yourself. Or better still, join the pensioners' queue. What do you do for a living? You are a NYSC staff. What is your job description? I payroll. Clap for yourself.
In the sight of this economic hardship with the President crying no money, scrap NYSC and have all the money you want. Take #217,800
from over 2million youths per batch, the figure is out of range in my calculator. Do the maths yourself.
I know everybody won't share this view. That's why it's my view. I'm the one seeing it. All eyes are not equal.
Plus, I may be wearing shades.
I hate long posts!
Blame NYSC for this too#Copied#

please how do I get the raw file for gta?

New findings by Scientists have shown that there could be the emergence of a
new virus deadlier than Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome (SARS) or even the Zika virus.

The scientists in a study published on March 14, 2016, edition of the journal,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, titled “SARS-like WIV1-CoV
poised for human emergence” said outbreaks from zoonotic sources represent a
threat to both human as well as the global economy.
The scientists are already bracing up for a potential outbreak of the new SARS-
like virus warning that the new virus, called WIV1-CoV, may induce the same
results in humans as SARS – starting out with flu-like symptoms and accelerating
rapidly to pneumonia.

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), Bat SARS-like coronavirus
WIV1, (Bat SL-CoV-WIV1) also sometimes called SARS-like coronavirus WIV1
that is W1V1-CoV, is a newly identified CoV isolated from Chinese rufous
horseshoe bats. The discovery confirms that bats are the natural reservoir of the
SARS virus.

Phylogenetic analysis shows the possibility of direct transmission of SARS from
bats to humans without the intermediary Chinese civets, as previously believed.
According to the researchers, the capacity of this group of viruses to jump into
humans is greater than originally thought. While other adaptations may be
required to produce an epidemic, several viral strains circulating in bat
populations have already overcome the barrier of replication in human cells and
suggest reemergence as a distinct possibility.

The researchers wrote:

Focusing on the SARS-like viruses, the results indicate that the
WIV1-coronavirus (CoV) cluster has the ability to directly infect
and may undergo limited transmission in human populations.
However, in vivo attenuation suggests additional adaptation is
required for epidemic disease. Importantly, available SARS
monoclonal antibodies offered success in limiting viral infection
absent from available vaccine approaches. Together, the data
highlight the utility of a platform to identify and prioritize
prepandemic strains harboured in animal reservoirs and
document the threat posed by WIV1-CoV for emergence in
human populations.

The researchers led by Dr. Vineet Menachery of Department of Epidemiology,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, said:

This virus may never jump to humans, but if it does, WIV1-CoV
has the potential to seed a new outbreak with significant
consequences for both public health and the global economy.

The new virus is very similar to SARS – as it originates from the same Chinese
horseshoe bats as SARS and also binds to the same receptor inside the human
body.

The Christian religion is one of the most popular religions on the planet and churches are springing up on daily basis. Nigeria has been ranked as one of the countries with the highest number of churches and one with one of the highest devotes as well. This lovely Sunday afternoon, we take a look at 5 of the churches with the biggest church building/auditorium that can accommodate the most people.

1. The Redeemed Christian Church of God [R.C.C.G]

The Redeemed Christian Church of God has the world’s biggest auditorium. The
facility can accommodate more than a million worshipers at a time. The
auditorium, which was opened by the General Overseer of the church, Pastor
Enoch Adejare Adeboye, was built at a cost of $60 million (about N7.7
billion).The auditorium, which is floored with marble is sited on a vast tract of land
within the Redemption Camp. The large auditorium is built with steel and cement
fibres.
It sits atop over 40,000 hectares of land and stretches as far as Sagamu, Ogun
State. Its current worth is put at N200 billion.


2. Mountain Of Fire and Miracles Ministry [M.F.M]

The Mountain of Fire and Miracles Ministries, (MFM) founded by Dr. Daniel
Olukoya is one of the largest Pentecostal Churches in Nigeria and has one of the
largest church auditoriums in the world with a seating capacity of 500,000.
The firebrand ministry became famous when it joined the league of churches who
own camp grounds along Lagos/Ibadan Expressway. Popularly known as ‘Prayer
City’, at Kilometre 1, Lagos Expressway, Ogun State.
The auditorium, which is fashioned after the Redemption Camp could
accommodate over 500,000 worshippers, with an overflow of 250,000.


3. Living Faith Church World Wide [Winner’s Chapel]

Living Faith Church World Wide, also known as Winners’ Chapel, and its affiliated
international churches known as Winners Chapel International is one of the biggest
churches in Nigeria today.
The church which was founded by its presiding Bishop, David Oyedepo with
headquarters in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. The Faith Tabernacle, is a 50,000 seat
church auditorium, reported at one time to be the largest church auditoriumin the
world by the Guinness Book of Records, which has an overflow capacity of
250,000.
“The international headquarters of Winners Chapel is called Faith Tabernacle. It
covers about 70 acres (280,000 m2) and is built inside an over 10,500-acre (42
km2) church complex called Canaanland, the international headquarters of the
ministry in Ota, a suburb of Lagos.

4. The Apostolic Church
The Apostolic Church is also one of the biggest churches in the country today
having several millions of branches all over the country.
After about 25 years of construction work, the multimillion Naira National Temple
of The Apostolic Church Nigeria, TAC, touted as the largest church in the world,
was inaugurated in Lagos. Sited at the international ground of the Church in Ketu,
the newly dedicated temple has a sitting capacity of 100,000 worshippers at a time.


5. Deeper Life Christian Ministry

The Deeper Life Bible Church which Pastor Williams Folorunsho Kumuyi started
with only 15 members in 1973, while teaching Mathematics at the University of
Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, has gone so big.
The church boasts of an ultra modern headquarters in Gbagada, Lagos. The 30,000
– seater cathedral is a mini stadium and costs the church N4 billion to build. An
Italian civil engineering firm, Cappa & D’Alberto, won the contract for the
construction. The building covers 6,200 square meters, with additional 1,624
square meters for land spacing, sidewalks and car parks. An additional
underground car park that can take about 200 cars at once.
Deeper Life also has a 240 hectare project off the Lagos-Ibadan Expressway,
Olowosedo Village, Kilometer 42, Ogun State. It is used for retreats and special
programmes. This place is so massive that it looks like a new town being carved
out of the bush. Most of the structures, such as hostels, chalets and an elaborate
water supply system have been completed.
It also has its own electricity supply scheme and a petrol station which is yet to be
completed. A 130,000 capacity main auditorium is also underway and is nearing
its completion. This camp known as Deeper Life Conference Centre, is worth N40
billion. Similarly, the ministry has a world class International Bible Training Centre
(IBTC) at Ayobo, Lagos. It is a village complex with chalets, conference centre,
offices, classroom blocks, new 10,000 capacity student hostels, a massive kitchen
complex, supermarket, children’s church, factory producing mattresses, iron beds,
pillows and paint for church use.