₦airaland Forum

When not sexually aroused, the vagina is a collapsed tube, with the front and back walls placed together. The lateral walls, especially their middle area, are relatively more rigid. Because of this, the collapsed vagina has an H-shaped cross section.[10][14] Behind, the upper vagina is separated from the rectum by the recto-uterine pouch, the middle vagina by loose connective tissue, and the lower vagina by the perineal body.[15] Where the vaginal lumen surrounds the cervix of the uterus, it is divided into four continuous regions (vaginal fornices); these are the anterior, posterior, right lateral, and left lateral fornices.[9][10] The posterior fornix is deeper than the anterior fornix.[10]

Supporting the vagina are its upper, middle, and lower third muscles and ligaments. The upper third are the levator ani muscles, and the transcervical, pubocervical, and sacrocervical ligaments.[9][16] It is supported by the upper portions of the cardinal ligaments and the parametrium.[17] The middle third of the vagina involves the urogenital diaphragm.[9] It is supported by the levator ani muscles and the lower portion of the cardinal ligaments.[17] The lower third is supported by the perineal body,[9][18] or the urogenital and pelvic diaphragms.[19] The lower third may also be described as being supported by the perineal body and the pubovaginal part of the levator ani muscle.[16]

The human vagina is an elastic, muscular canal that extends from the vulva to the cervix.[9][10] The opening of the vagina lies in the urogenital triangle. The urogenital triangle is the front triangle of the perineum and also consists of the urethral opening and associated parts of the external Instruments.[11] The vaginal canal travels upwards and backwards, between the urethra at the front, and the rectum at the back. Near the upper vagina, the cervix protrudes into the vagina on its front surface at approximately a 90 degree angle.[12] The vaginal and urethral openings are protected by the labia.[13]

The female reproductive system

The human vagina is an elastic, muscular canal that extends from the vulva to the cervix.[9][10] The opening of the vagina lies in the urogenital triangle. The urogenital triangle is the front triangle of the perineum and also consists of the urethral opening and associated parts of the external Instruments.[11] The vaginal canal travels upwards and backwards, between the urethra at the front, and the rectum at the back. Near the upper vagina, the cervix protrudes into the vagina on its front surface at approximately a 90 degree angle.[12] The vaginal and urethral openings are protected by the labia.[13]

Using the term vagina to mean "vulva" can pose medical or legal confusion; for example, a person's interpretation of its location might not match another's interpretation of the location.[4][6] Medically, one description of the vagina is that it is the canal between the hymen (or remnants of the hymen) and the cervix, while a legal description is that it begins at the vulva (between the labia).[4] It may be that the incorrect use of the term vagina is due to not as much thought going into the anatomy of the female genitals as has gone into the study of male genitals, and that this has contributed to an absence of correct vocabulary for the external female Instruments among both the general public and health professionals. Because a better understanding of female Instruments can help combat sexual and psychological harm with regard to female development, researchers endorse correct terminology for the vulva.[6][7][8]

I've always been interested in science – one of my favourite books is James Watson's 'Molecular Biology of the Gene.'

The vagina is an organ of the female reproductive tract. It is a distensible muscular tube which extends posterosuperiorly from the external vaginal orifice to the cervix.

It has several roles within the female reproductive system:

Sexual intercourse – receives the penis and ejaculate, assisting in its transport to the uterus.
Childbirth – expands to provide a channel for delivery of a newborn from the uterus.
Menstruation – serves as a canal for menstrual fluid and tissue to leave the body.
In this article, we will look at the anatomy of the vagina – its structure, innervation, vascular and lymphatic supply.



Fig 1
Overview of the female reproductive tract.


The vagina is closely related to many of the organs in the pelvic region:

Anterior – bladder and urethra.
Posterior – rectouterine pouch, rectum and anal canal.


Anatomical Structure
The vagina is a fibromuscular tube with anterior and posterior walls – these are normally collapsed and thus in contact with one another.

The shape of the vagina is not a round tunnel. In the transverse plane it is more like an “H” lying on the side. At the upper ending, the vagina surrounds the cervix, creating two domes (fornices or vaults): an anterior and a (deeper) posterior one.

The posterior fornix is important as it acts like a natural reservoir for semen after intravaginal ejaculation. The semen retained in the fornix liquefies in the next 20-30 mins, allowing for easier permeation through the cervical canal.



Histology of the Vagina
The vagina is composed of four histological layers (internal to external):

Stratified squamous epithelium – this layer provides protection and is lubricated by cervical mucus (the vagina itself does not contain any glands).
Elastic lamina propria – a dense connective tissue layer which projects papillae into the overlying epithelium. The larger veins are located here.
Fibromuscular layer – comprising two layers of smooth muscle; an inner circular and an outer longitudinal layer.
Adventitia – a fibrous layer, which provides additional strength to the vagina whilst also binding it to surrounding structures.

Anatomical Structure
The vagina is a fibromuscular tube with anterior and posterior walls – these are normally collapsed and thus in contact with one another.

The shape of the vagina is not a round tunnel. In the transverse plane it is more like an “H” lying on the side. At the upper ending, the vagina surrounds the cervix, creating two domes (fornices or vaults): an anterior and a (deeper) posterior one.

The posterior fornix is important as it acts like a natural reservoir for semen after intravaginal ejaculation. The semen retained in the fornix liquefies in the next 20-30 mins, allowing for easier permeation through the cervical canal.

The vagina

The vagina is an organ of the female reproductive tract. It is a distensible muscular tube which extends posterosuperiorly from the external vaginal orifice to the cervix.

It has several roles within the female reproductive system:

Sexual intercourse – receives the penis and ejaculate, assisting in its transport to the uterus.
Childbirth – expands to provide a channel for delivery of a newborn from the uterus.
Menstruation – serves as a canal for menstrual fluid and tissue to leave the body.
In this article, we will look at the anatomy of the vagina – its structure, innervation, vascular and lymphatic supply.

The most powerful force to maintaining a good immune system is the power of positive thinking and not allowing yourself to be unnecessarily drained emotionally by worries and fears.”
Rama

The term vagina is from Latin vāgīna, meaning "sheath" or "scabbard".[1] The vagina may also be referred to as the birth canal in the context of pregnancy and childbirth.[2][3] Although by its dictionary and anatomical definitions, the term vagina refers exclusively to the specific internal structure, it is colloquially used to refer to the vulva or to both the vagina and vulva.[4

I like to read general biology – things about the immune system and advances in that area – because it lays the foundation for my part of the dialogue at the foundation about what things we ought to pursue.”

Anaphase II:
The sister chromatids are then pulled to opposite poles due to the action of the meiotic spindle.
The separated chromatids are now individual chromosomes.
9.
Telophase II and cytokinesis:
The chromosomes complete their move to the opposite poles of the cell.
At each pole of the cell a full set of chromosomes gather together.
A membrane forms around each set of chromosomes to create two new cell nuclei.
This is the last phase of meiosis, however cell division is not complete without another round of cytokinesis.
Once cytokinesis is complete there are four granddaughter cells, each with half a set of chromosomes (haploid):
in people with XY chromosomes, these four cells are all sperm cells
in people with XX chromosomes, one of the cells is an egg cell while the other three are polar bodies (small cells that do not develop into eggs).

Metaphase II:
In each of the two daughter cells the chromosomes (pair of sister chromatids) line up end-to-end along the equator of the cell.
The centrioles are now at opposites poles in each of the daughter cells.
Meiotic spindle fibres at each pole of the cell attach to each of the sister chromatids

Meiosis II
6.
Prophase II:
Now there are two daughter cells, each with 23 chromosomes (23 pairs of chromatids).
In each of the two daughter cells the chromosomes condense again into visible X-shaped structures that can be easily seen under a microscope.
The membrane around the nucleus in each daughter cell dissolves away releasing the chromosomes.
The centrioles duplicate.
The meiotic spindle forms again

Telophase I and cytokinesis:
The chromosomes complete their move to the opposite poles of the cell.
At each pole of the cell a full set of chromosomes gather together.
A membrane forms around each set of chromosomes to create two new nuclei.
The single cell then pinches in the middle to form two separate daughter cells each containing a full set of chromosomes within a nucleus. This process is known as cytokinesis.

Anaphase I:
The pair of chromosomes are then pulled apart by the meiotic spindle, which pulls one chromosome to one pole of the cell and the other chromosome to the opposite pole.
In meiosis I the sister chromatids stay together. This is different to what happens in mitosis and meiosis II.

Metaphase I:
The chromosome pairs line up next to each other along the centre (equator) of the cell.
The centrioles are now at opposite poles of the cell with the meiotic spindles extending from them.
The meiotic spindle fibres attach to one chromosome of each pair.

Meiosis

Prophase I:
The copied chromosomes condense into X-shaped structures that can be easily seen under a microscope.
Each chromosome is composed of two sister chromatids containing identical genetic information.
The chromosomes pair up so that both copies of chromosome 1 are together, both copies of chromosome 2 are together, and so on.
The pairs of chromosomes may then exchange bits of DNA in a process called recombination or crossing over.
At the end of Prophase I the membrane around the nucleus in the cell dissolves away, releasing the chromosomes.
The meiotic spindle, consisting of microtubules and other proteins, extends across the cell between the centrioles.

Meiosis I
1.
Interphase:
The DNA in the cell is copied resulting in two identical full sets of chromosomes.
Outside of the nucleus are two centrosomes, each containing a pair of centrioles; these structures are critical for the process of cell division.
During interphase, microtubules extend from these centrosomes.

Meiosis can be divided into nine stages. These are divided between the first time the cell divides (meiosis I) and the second time it divides (meiosis II).

Meiosis is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information.
During meiosis one cell divides twice to form four daughter cells.
These four daughter cells only have half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell – they are haploid.
Meiosis produces our sex cells or gametes - egg and sperm cells.

A rigged Hilbert space is a set which • has an algebraic structure of a linear space • it is equipped with a nuclear topology with respect to witch the completion gives Φ′ • has a second topology introduced into it by a scalar product, with respect to which this linear space is completed to give a Hilbert space H • has a third topology, the topology of the dual space Φ′ of Φ

The first synthesis was realized by John von Neumann, by developing the operators theory in Hilbert’s space. A Hilbert space is a generalization of the idea of a vector space that is not restricted to finite dimensions. Thus it is an inner product space, which means that it has notions of distance and of angle- especially the notion of orthogonality. Moreover, it satisfies a completeness requirement which ensures that limits exist when expected. Even if this theory is perfectly true, von Neumann’s approach does not consider more general spaces- like the distribution spaces- which, even if they are not directly implicated in the interpretation of the theory, they cannot be ignored if one wants to understand the subtile points of the mathematical formulation. This larger frame of quantum mechanics, which combines the Hilbert space with the theory of distributions, was created a bit later, by the russian mathematician Israel Moiseevich Gelfand (b. 1913). He introduced the famous rigged Hilbert space, or the Gelfand triplet. What is, in fact, the rigged Hilbert space?

If you want to understand science, you have to understand math

John Von Neumann once said to Felix Smith, "Young man, in mathematics you don't understand things. You just get used to them." This was a response to Smith's fear about the method of characteristics.

I also was born with a huge craving for synthesis. And when it didn’t come easily, which was often, I would rag the problem, and then when I failed I would put it aside and I’d come back to it and rag it again. It took me 20 years to figure out how and why the Reverend Moon’s conversion methods worked. But the psychology departments haven’t figured it out yet, so I’m ahead of them.

In the Zen monastery we used to pound people on a regular basis whenever they thought they understood anything. If you think you understand, obviously you don’t, since mind is by its very essence qualityless. In qualityless, things are not understood. You can’t understand. You can’t understand since there’s nothing to understand and no one to understand, and understanding itself is a quality principle that is invalid. This is why not too many people meditate. Or if they do, they do TM, which is simply repeating a mantra over and over that has nothing to do with meditation.
Rama

Manipulation occurs through fear. If someone can get you to fear them, they get another line in. That’s why it’s important to be absolutely fearless, to realize that you are an eternal being. Fire cannot burn you, water cannot drown you, you’re birthless and deathless. When you see that, when you meditate deeply and see that, you become fearless. But people will inject fears in you. Specifically, psychically, they’ll push those into you that are antithetical to your nature. They’re not how you feel. Psychic manipulation is very, very complex. It involves taking thoughts and ideas that the manipulator has, or wants you to have, and psychically pushing them into your mind. The majority of thoughts that you think are not your own. They’re either thoughts that you’re psychically feeling from people around you that are coming through you, or they are the conditioning that you received growing up as a child—the way that you were taught to think and feel about life in the world, the description of the world that you have. Parents particularly create a description of the world in which you’ll always need them, want them, where you fear them, love them. So it’s necessary to find new ways of seeing, new descriptions of the world that do not open you up to manipulation, where you can view things just as they are and maintain the wholeness and integrity of your attention field.
Rama

It’s the people you know who manipulate you, and the more you trust a person, the greater the possibility of manipulation. That doesn’t mean everyone you trust manipulates you, but those are the most likely candidates. Christ had twelve disciples. He trusted them. One betrayed him and he died. In other words, you can have eleven good apples and one rotten apple. Don’t worry about the good apples. They won’t hurt you, but the one rotten apple, if you miss them, can cost you your life—energy.
Rama