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Pyruvate kinase is an enzyme involved in glycolysis. It catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP, yielding one molecule of pyruvate and one molecule of ATP.

The aim of comprehensive peptidomics (lc-ms peptidomics), is not only to identify and validate all endogenous peptides in a biological sample under investigation, but also to compare expression levels of the peptides of interest for specific biochemical processes. Thus, the unbiased identification of biologically interesting peptides became possible with the aid of mass spectrometry, rather than a ligand binding assay.

protein phosphorylation analysis is the most commonly studied area of post-translational modification since it plays a vital role in intracellular signal transduction and is involved in regulating cell cycle progression, differentiation, transformation, development, peptide hormone response, and adaptation. It has been estimated that one third of mammalian proteins may be phosphorylated and this modification often plays a key role in modulating protein function. Reversible protein phosphorylation, principally on serine, threonine or tyrosine residues, is one of the most important and well-studied post-translational modifications.

SILAC-based quantitative proteomics (SILAQ) is an innovative technology used in high throughput quantitative analysis of large protein complexes, protein-protein and protein-small molecule interactions. SILAC service of Creative Proteomics provides an unbiased strategy that can reveal how specifically either inhibitors, or other perturbations, affect the dynamic properties and cellular distributions of proteins. It can also be used as a sensitive and effective method to determine the specific interaction partners of proteins in the cell.

Creative Proteomics provides label free proteomics methods for both relative and absolute quantification, which a rapid and low-cost alternative to other quantitative proteomic approaches.

Label-free quantification is a method in mass spectrometry that aims to determine the relative amount of proteins in two or more biological samples. Unlike other methods for protein quantification, label-free quantification does not use a stable isotope containing compound to chemically bind to and thus label the protein.

post translational modification glycosylation, the attachment of sugar moieties to proteins, is a post-translational modification (PTM) that provides greater proteomic diversity than other PTMs. Glycosylation is critical for a wide range of biological processes, including cell attachment to the extracellular matrix and protein-ligand interactions in the cell. This PTM is characterized by various glycosidic linkages, including N-, O- and C-linked glycosylation, glypiation (GPI anchor attachment) and phosphoglycosylation. Glycoproteins can be detected, purified and analyzed by different strategies, including glycan staining and visualization, glycan cross-linking to agarose or magnetic resin for labeling or purification, or proteomic analysis by mass spectrometry, respectively.

Metabolomics service is the study of metabolism, specifically the science of identifying and quantifying the biochemical byproducts of metabolism, called cellular metabolites. This is achievedby using analytical technologies such as NMR and mass spectrometry combined with sophisticated statistical methods to interpret the generated data. Compared with genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics, metabolomics provide a direct and global snapshot of all the metabolites, and tell the researchers what have happened, making it more and more popular in disease research, toxicology, environmental analysis, agriculture, biofuel development and nutrition.

α-Amylase is a protein enzyme EC 3.2.1.1 that hydrolyses alpha bonds of large, alpha-linked polysaccharides, such as starch and glycogen, yielding glucose and maltose. It is the major form of amylase found in Humans and other mammals. It is also present in seeds containing starch as a food reserve, and is secreted by many fungi.

PEG-Catalase labeled catalase is one of PEGylated catalase conjugates. Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen. It catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. Catalase is an important enzyme in protecting the cell from oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species. PEG modified catalase shows better stability with good reactivity. We provide a variety of chemically functionalized and bio-conjugated catalase with different functionality. These functionalized catalase conjugates were purified by size exclusion chromatography to ensure adequate applications both in-vitro and in-vivo.

Among the endoproteases which could be used for protein digestion, the serine protease trypsin is most commonly employed as it generates peptides which are highly amenable to MS(/MS) analysis protein identification by mass spectrometry.

Glycosylation, the attachment of sugar moieties to proteins, is a post-translational modification (PTM) that provides greater proteomic diversity than other PTMs. n-terminal sequence analysis Glycosylation is critical for a wide range of biological processes, including cell attachment to the extracellular matrix and protein-ligand interactions in the cell. This PTM is characterized by various glycosidic linkages, including N-, O- and C-linked glycosylation, glypiation (GPI anchor attachment) and phosphoglycosylation. Glycoproteins can be detected, purified and analyzed by different strategies, including glycan staining and visualization, glycan cross-linking to agarose or magnetic resin for labeling or purification, or proteomic analysis by mass spectrometry, respectively.

Because most of recombinant proteins are synthesized by cell-based systems in biochemical researches, the host cells derived from bacteria, yeast, mammalian cells, insect cells and plants (such as rice and tobacco) can be used for protein therapeutics manufacturing. But limited by current purification techniques, low levels (1 to 100 ppm) of host cell proteins (host cell protein analysis) may still remain in the purified biotherapeutics, even after a series of purifications. The ppm-level contaminants in biotherapeutics may trigger an unpredictable immune response in patients after dosing, and are required to be identified and quantified as part of drug safety evaluation, by the regulatory agencies.

protein de novo sequencing is the analytical process that derives a peptide’s amino acid sequence from its tandem mass spectrum (MS/MS) without the assistance of a sequence database. It is in contrast to another popular peptide identification approach - “database search”, which searches in a given database to find the target peptide. A clear advantage of de novo sequencing is that it works for both database and novel peptides.

Creative Proteomics offers a platform for the analysis of various post-translational modifications. Post-translational modifications are key mechanisms to increase proteomic diversity. Protein post-translational modifications play a key role in many cellular processes such as cellular differentiation, protein degradation, signaling and regulatory processes, regulation of gene ex pression, and protein-protein.

Regarding its success in MS-based quantification of small molecules, the isotope dilution strategy has been recognized as the reference method for internal standardization, introduced into protein quantification with unique advantages over conventional ligand binding assay. In these approaches, the sample is spiked with defined amounts of stable isotope-labeled analogue(s) of unique peptides (AQUA strategy) or intact target protein(s) (PSAQ strategy), to establish the calibrating curves. The mass spec standards of high purity, no matter AQUA peptides or PSAQ proteins, custom peptide synthesis from Creative Proteomics can help to synthesize it, to promote your research.

beta glucosidase is a glucosidase enzyme that acts upon β1->4 bonds linking two glucose or glucose-substituted molecules (i.e., the disaccharide cellobiose). It is one of the cellulases, enzymes involved in the decomposition of cellulose and related polysaccharides; more specifically, an exocellulase with specificity for a variety of beta-D-glycoside substrates. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing residues in beta-D-glucosides with release of glucose.

SILAC-based quantitative proteomics (silac proteomics) is an innovative technology used in high throughput quantitative analysis of large protein complexes, protein-protein and protein-small molecule interactions.

SILAC-based quantitative proteomics (SILAQ) is an innovative technology used in high throughput quantitative analysis of large protein complexes, protein-protein and aqua proteomics.

Creative Proteomics provides peptide mass fingerprinting for protein identification and ions searching against database for rapid identification of proteins.

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) is one of the most frequently employed techniques for separating macromolecules including DNA, RNA, and proteins

gel electrophoresis sds page is in general the process of applying an electric field to move charged molecules through a solution. In this technique, the mobility of a charged molecule is directly proportional to its net charge and the resistance of the solution through which it is moving.

we can benefit a lot from proper sleeping hours. on the opposite, shortness of sleeping hours will increase the many diseases, such as insulin, which now can be detected by using Stable Isotope Labeled Insulin

one of my friend also in the same situation with you. But her cystic acne is not so serious. and she also found some solutions, and she found that is mainly related to changes in hormone secretion and your metabolic system. basically you should improve your lifestyle and then get some professional help.