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6 mins ago
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Source Were blogger

https://eduhints.com.ng/nine-way-to-pass-jamb-utme-2022-examinations/

Nine way to Pass Jamb UTME 2022 Examinations.

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Agriculture practical Answers Neco GCE 2021

https://oliveloaded.com.ng/neco-gce-2021-agric-practical-answers/
================================
*AGRIC SCIENCE PRACTICAL ANSWERS*

==========
(1a)
A-Knapsack sprayer
B-Head fork
C-Head pan
D-Ranging pole
(1b)
(i)To avoid contamination
(ii)To avoid blockage of the pipe
(iii)To avoid cutting of the pipe
(1c)
(i)Transplanting
(ii)Planting of seed nursery
(iii)Spreading of fertilizer
(1d)
(i)Metal surface
(ii)Handle metal
(iii)Hollow surface for loading
(1e)
(i)Store in cool place
(ii)Avoid damage through breaking
===========
(2a)
E- It is a wood ash
F- It is a urea fertilizer

(2b)
E- Lime material/potash
F- Nitrogen

(2c)
Specimen E
(i) Lime
(ii) Quick lime
(iii) Potassium
Specimen F
(i) N.P.K fertilizer
(ii) Nitrate fertilizer
(iii) Manure

(2d)
(i) It is used to improve sandy soil
(ii) It is used to reduce or neutralize soil acidity

(2e)
(i) It may increase soil acidity
(ii) It can cause damage to plant
(iii) It can increase soil salinity
==========
(3a)
SPECIMEN G: Cowpea seeds
SPECIMEN H: Banana fruit

(3b)
bruchids

(3c)
Specimens G; The leaves and growth points can be picked and used as a vegetable dish
Specimens H; it regulates the movement of nutrients and waste products in and out of cells it can be use as food.

(3d)
Specimens G; Seeds using the vine cuttings of flowering plants.
Specimens H; Rhizome using the root mat, serving as the point from which banana pseudostems grow.

(3e)
Specimens G
(i)Nematode
(ii)Damping off disease

Specimens H
(i)Tapeworm
(ii)Rbizocton

(3f)
Specimen G
(i)Storage; Store in a cool dry place for future use and consumption
(ii)Packing; they are packed after harvesting as whole hands, part hands or clusters in cardboard cartons with plastic liners.
Specimen H
(i)Packing; they are packed after harvesting as whole hands, part hands or clusters in cardboard cartons with plastic liners.
(ii)Packaging; they are packaged after harvesting in other words Bananas are packed in 13kg cartons in hands, clusters and singles.
===========

======================================
(4a)
I-Poultry droppings
J-Tilapia fish
(4b)
(i)It can cause algae boom
(ii)It prevents the penetration of lights into the water body
(iii)It can reduce the oxygen content
(iv)It causes pollution of the water body
(4c)
(i)It can increase the soil nutrients/organisms
(ii)It is used to feed livestocks eg cattles
(iii)It is used to replenish lost soil nutrients
(4d)
(i)Improper refuse/sewage disposal
(ii)Dumping of contaminated items
(4e)
(i)Source of food to the farm animals
(ii)It improves soil nutrients
(iii)For production of fertilizers
(4f)
(i)Regular changing of water
(ii)Regular sanitation
(iii)Avoidance of feeding the fishes with high proteinous feeds
(iv)Regular/Early harvesting
(4g)
(i)Smoking
(ii)Salting
(iii)Drying
(iv)Refrigerating

WAEC GCE NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2021 TIMETABLE

https://oliveloaded.com.ng/waec-gce-november-december-2021-timetable/

Friday, 12th November, 2021




Foods and Nutrition 3 (Practical) Planning Session - 9.30am – 10:30am




Home Management 3 (Practical ) Planning Session - 11:00am – 12noon







Wednesday, 17th November, 2021




Civic Education 2 (Essay) - 9:30am – 11:30am

Civic Education 1 (Objective) - 11:30am – 12:30pm




Thursday, 18th November, 2021




Hausa 2 (Essay) - 9:30am – 11:30am

Hausa 1 (Objective) - 11:30am – 12:30pm




Igbo 2 (Essay) - 9:30am – 11:30am

Igbo 1 (Objective) - 11:30am – 12:30pm




Yoruba 2 (Essay) - 9:30am – 11:30am

Yoruba 1 (Objective) - 11:30am – 12:30pm




Friday, 19th November, 2021 to Friday, 26th November, 2021




Time for paper will be arranged by the Council.




Arabic 3 (Oral)




Music 3B (Performance Test)




French 3 (Oral)




Clothing and Textiles 3 (Practical)




Foods and Nutrition 3 (Practical)




Home Management 3 (Practical)




Monday, 22nd November, 2021




Home Management 2 (Essay) - 9:30am – 10:30am

Home Management 1 (Objective) - 10:30am – 11:30am




Basic Electronics 3 (Practical) - 9:30am – 12:30pm (1st Set)

Basic Electronics 3 (Practical) - 1:00pm – 4:00pm (2nd Set)




Agricultural Science 3 (Alternative to Practical Work) - 2:30pm – 4:00pm




Tuesday, 23rd November, 2021




Building Construction 3 (Building Drawing and Essay) - 9:30am – 12:00noon




Financial Accounting 2 (Theory and Practice) - 9:30am – 12:00noon

Financial Accounting 1 (Objective) - 12:00noon- 1:00pm




Government 2 (Essay) - 2:00pm – 4:00pm

Government 1 (Objective) - 4:00pm – 5:00pm




Basic Electronics 2 (Essay) - 2:00pm – 3:00pm

Basic Electronics 1 (Objective) - 3:00pm – 4:00pm




Wednesday, 24th November, 2021




Health Education 2 (Essay) - 2:00pm – 3:30pm

Health Education 1 (Objective) - 3:30pm – 4:30pm




Thursday, 25th November, 2021




Health Education 3 (Alternative to Practical Work) - 9:30am – 11:15am




Physical Education 3 (Theory of Practice) - 2:00pm – 4:00pm




Friday, 26th November, 2021




Technical Drawing 3 (Sketches, Building and Mechanical Drawing) - 9:30am – 12:15pm

Technical Drawing 2 (Essay) - 2:30pm – 4:15pm

Technical Drawing 1 (Objective) - 4:15pm – 5:15pm




Saturday, 27th November, 2021




Foods and Nutrition 2 (Essay) - 2:00pm – 3:15pm

Foods and Nutrition 1 (Objective) - 3:15pm – 4:15pm




Monday, 29th November, 2021




Building Construction 2 (Essay) - 9:30am – 10:30am

Building Construction 1 (Objective) - 10:30am – 11:15am




Visual Art 2 (Essay) - 2:00pm – 4:00pm

Visual Art 1 (Objective) - 4:00pm – 4:50pm




Tuesday, 30th November, 2021




Agricultural Science 2 (Essay) - 9:30am – 11:40am

Agricultural Science 1 (Objective) - 11:40am – 12:30pm




Physical Education 2 (Essay) - 2:00pm – 3:20pm

Physical Education 1 (Objective) - 3:20pm – 4:10pm




Wednesday, 1st December, 2021




Metalwork 3 ( Practical ) - 9:30am – 12:40pm (1st Set)

Metalwork 3 ( Practical ) - 1:00pm – 4:10pm (2nd Set)




Woodwork 3 (Practical) - 9:30am – 12:30pm (1st Set)




Thursday, 2nd December, 2021




French 2 (Essay) - 9:30am – 10:45am

French 1 (Objective) - 10:45am – 11:45am




Basic Electricity 2 (Essay) - 12:00noon- 1:00pm

Basic Electricity 1 (Objective) - 1:00pm – 2:00pm




Woodwork 2 (Essay and Design) - 2:00pm – 4:20pm

Woodwork 1 (Objective) - 4:20pm – 5:00pm




Monday, 6th December, 2021




Physics 2 (Essay) - 9:30am – 11:00am

Physics 1 (Objective) - 11:00am – 12:15pm

Physics 3 (Alternative to Practical Work) - 2:00pm – 4:45pm




Tuesday, 7th December, 2021




Economics 2 (Essay) - 9:30am – 11:30am

Economics 1 (Objective) - 11:30am – 12:30pm




Visual Art 3A (Drawing) - 2:00pm – 5:00pm




Wednesday, 8th December, 2021




Music 2 (Essay) - 9:30am – 11:30am

Music 1 (Objective) - 11:30am – 12:30pm




Auto Mechanics 3 ( Practical ) - 9:30am – 11:30am (1st Set)

Auto Mechanics 3 ( Practical ) - 12:00noon – 2:00pm (2nd Set)




Basic Electricity 3 (Practical) - 9:30am – 12:30pm (1st Set)

Basic Electricity 3 (Practical) - 1:00pm – 4:00pm (2nd Set)




Thursday, 9th December, 2021




History 2 (Essay) - 9:30am – 11:30am

History 1 (Objective) - 11:30am – 12:30pm




Commerce 2 (Essay) - 2:00pm – 4:00pm

Commerce 1 (Objective) - 4:00pm – 4:50pm




Friday, 10th December, 2021




Geography 2(Essay) - 9:30am – 11:30am

Geography 1(Objective) - 11:30am – 12:30pm

Geography 3 (Practical and Physical Geography) - 2:30pm – 4:20pm




Saturday 11th December, 2021




General Mathematics/Mathematics (Core) 2 (Essay) - 9:30am – 12:00noon

General Mathematics/Mathematics (Core) 1 (Objective) - 2:00pm – 3:30pm




Monday, 13th December, 2021




Biology 2 (Essay) - 9:30am – 11:10am

Biology 1 (Objective) - 11:10am – 12:00noon

Biology 3 (Alternative to Practical Work) - 2:00pm – 4:00pm




Tuesday, 14th December, 2021




Literature-In-English 2(Prose) - 9:30am – 10:45am

Literature-In-English 1 (Objective) - 10:45am – 11:45am

Literature-In-English 3 (Drama & Poetry ) - 2:00pm – 4:30pm




Wednesday, 15th December, 2021




Christian Religious Studies 2 (Essay) - 9:30am – 11:30am

Christian Religious Studies 1 (Objective) - 11:30am – 12:30pm




Islamic Studies 2 (Essay) - 9:30am – 11:30am

Islamic Studies 1 (Objective) - 11:30am – 12:20pm




Arabic 2 (Essay) - 2:00pm – 4:00pm

Arabic 1 (Objective) - 4:00pm – 4:50pm




Thursday, 16th December, 2021




Chemistry 2 (Essay) - 9:30am – 11:30am

Chemistry 1 (Objective) - 11:30am – 12:30pm

Chemistry 3 (Alternative to Practical Work) - 2:00pm – 3:30pm




Friday, 17th December, 2021




Further Mathematics/Mathematics (Elective) 2 (Essay) - 9:30am – 12:00noon

Further Mathematics/Mathematics (Elective) 1 (Objective) - 2:30pm – 4:00pm




Music 3A (Aural) - 4:30pm – 5:15pm




Saturday, 18th December, 2021




English Language 2 (Essay) - 9:30am – 11:30am

English Language 1 (Objective) - 11:30am – 12:30pm

English Language 3 (Test of Orals) - 2:00pm – 2:45pm




Monday, 20th December, 2021




Visual Art 3B (Creative Expotab Design) - 9:30am – 12:30pm




Metalwork 2 (Essay) - 2:00pm – 3:30pm

Metalwork 1 (Objective) - 3:30pm – 4:30pm




Clothing and Textiles 2 (Essay) - 2:00pm – 3:30pm

Clothing and Textiles 1 (Objective) - 3:30pm – 4:30pm




Wednesday, 22nd December, 2021




Auto Mechanics 2 (Essay) - 2:00pm – 3:30pm

Auto Mechanics 1 (Objective) - 3:30pm – 4:30pm

https://oliveloaded.com.ng/neco-gce-november-december-2021-verified-timetable/

Monday, 22nd November 2021

French Paper IV (Aural Comprehension & Oral Expression)
The actual date and time will be fixed by the Council

Arabic Paper IV (Oral)


Tuesday, 23rd November 2021


Agricultural Science Paper I (Alternative to Practical) - 2.00 pm – 3.30 pm


Wednesday, 24th November 2021


Store keeping Paper III & II (Objective & Essay) - 2.00 pm – 4.40 pm

Marketing Paper III & II (Objective & Essay) - 2.00 pm – 4.40 pm

Salesmanship Paper III & II (Objective & Essay) - 2.00 pm – 4.40 pm


Thursday, 25th November 2021


Technical Drawing Paper I Practical - 2.00 pm – 5.00 pm

Physical Education Paper I (Theory of Practice) - 2.00 pm – 4.00 pm


Friday, 26th November 2021


Biology Paper I (Alternative to Practical) - 3.30 pm – 5.30 pm


Saturday, 27th November 2021


Further Mathematics Paper III (Objective) - 10.00 am – 12.00 noon
Further Mathematics Paper II (Essay) - 12.10 pm – 2.40 pm

Stenography Paper IV Practical (Word Processing) - 10.00 am – 12.00 noon
Stenography Paper I Practical - 12.00 noon – 1.17 pm

Health Education Paper I (Test of Practical) - 3.00 pm – 4.30pm


Monday, 29th November 2021


Physics Paper I (Alternative to Practical) - 2.00 pm – 4.45 pm


Tuesday, 30th November 2021


Government Paper III & II (Objective & Essay) - 2.00 pm – 4.40 pm


Wednesday, 1st December 2021


Chemistry Paper I (Alternative to Practical) - 2.00 pm – 4.00 pm


Thursday, 2nd December 2021


Arabic Paper III (Objective) - 2.00 pm – 3.30 pm
Arabic Paper II (Essay & Literature) - 3.30 pm – 5.30 pm


Friday, 3rd December 2021


Biology Paper III & II (Objective & Essay) - 3.00 pm – 5.30 pm


Saturday, 4th December 2021


General Mathematics Paper III - (Objective)1.00 pm – 2.45 am
General Mathematics Paper II - (Essay)3.00 pm – 5.30 pm


Monday, 6th December 2021


Technical Drawing Paper III & IV (Objective & Drawing) - 2.00 pm – 4.30 pm

Physical Education Paper III & II (Objective & Essay) - 2.00 pm – 4.00 pm


Tuesday, 7th December 2021


Commerce Paper III & II (Objective & Essay) - 2.00 pm – 4.40 pm

Chemistry Paper III & II (Objective & Essay) - 2.00 pm – 5.00 pm


Wednesday, 8th December 2021


Agricultural Science Paper III & II (Objective & Essay) - 2.00 pm – 4.30 pm


Thursday, 9th December 2021


Physics Paper III & II (Objective & Essay) - 2.00 pm – 5.00 pm

History Paper III & II (Objective & Essay) - 2.00 pm – 5.00 pm


Friday, 10th December 2021


Geography Paper II (Essay) - 3.30 pm – 5.30 pm


Saturday, 11th December 2021


English Language Paper II & III (Essay & Objective) - 12.00 pm – 2.45 pm
English Language Paper IV (Test of Orals) - 3.00 pm – 3.45 pm


Monday, 13th December 2021


Literature in English Paper III (Objective) - 2.00 pm – 3.00 pm
Literature in English Paper IV (Prose) - 3.00 pm – 4.15 pm


Tuesday, 14th December 2021


Economics Paper III & II (Objective & Essay) - 2.00 pm – 5.00 pm


Wednesday, 15th December 2021


Christian Religious Studies Paper III & II (Objective & Essay) - 2.00 pm – 4.30 pm

Islamic Studies Paper III & II (Objective & Essay) - 2.00 pm – 4.30 pm


Thursday, 16th December 2021


French Paper I (Written Comprehension) - 2.00 pm – 3.00 pm
French Paper II (Written Expotab Expression) - 3.00 pm – 4.45 pm


Friday, 17th December 2021


Literature in English Paper II (Drama & Poetry) - 3.30 pm – 5.10 pm


Saturday, 18th December 2021


Financial Accounting Paper III (Objective) - 10.00 am – 11.20 am
Financial Accounting Paper II (Theory & Practice) - 11.20 am – 1.50 pm

Health Education Paper III & II (Objective & Essay) - 3.30 pm – 5.30 pm


Monday, 20th December 2021


Civic Education Paper III & II (Objective & Essay) - 2.00 pm – 4.40 pm


Tuesday, 21st December 2021


Hausa Paper III & II (Objective & Essay) - 2.00 pm – 5.00 pm

Igbo Paper III & II (Objective & Essay) - 2.00 pm – 5.00 pm

Yoruba Paper III & II (Objective & Essay) - 2.00 pm – 5.00 pm


Wednesday, 22nd December 2021


Geography Paper III & I (Objective & Practical) - 2.00 pm – 4.30 pm

Stenography Paper III & II (Objective & Essay) - 2.00 pm – 4.00 pm.

https://oliveloaded.com.ng/waec-gce-agric-practical-free-answers/
*WAEC-GCE AGRIC PRACTICAL*❗❗❗
==========================================================

1a)
To study the permeability of the soil/soil texture

(1b)
(i) Sandy
(ii) Clayed
(iii) Loamy

(1c)
Collect the soil sample and measured and put into a measuring cylinder. Add sufficient water. Add small quantity of hydrogen peroxide or sodium bicarbonate. Stirred the container and shaken vigorously. Add the solution is allowed to settle for at least 5hours

==========================================================

(2a)
Disc ridger

(2b)
(i) Attachment to tractor
(ii) Beam
(iii) Disc

(2c)
(i) To attach the implement to the tractor
(ii) It hold the disc and add weight
(iii) It cut the soil to make the ridge

(2d)
(i) Keep the implement clean
(ii) Replace worn out part
(iii) Ensure nuts, caps, screw are tight
(iv) Keep implement in dry and cool place
(v) Adhere to manufacturer's instructions.

(2e)
(i) It makes work easier
(ii) It makes work faster
(iii) It collects the rich soil together to increase the fertility of the soil

==========================================================

(3a)
(i) Ageratum co
(ii) Imperata cylindrica

(3b)
(i) Wind
(ii) Man

(3c)
(i) Possession of underground stem
(ii) Possession of rhisomes
(iii) It can withstand tramping

(3d)
(i)It can be used to prepare compost manure
(ii) It can be used as mulching material
(iii) It acts as cover crop
(iv) It is use as medicinal
(v) It can be use to control erosion

(3e)
(i) Hand removal
(ii) Use a cutlass
(iii) Use of weeder(mechanical)



(4a)
(i) It leads to shelles egg
(ii) It leads to breaking of eggs

(4b)
(i) They are not layers
(ii) They don need

(4c)
(i) Chicks needs diet for growth
(ii) Chicks needs protein(Fish meal) for development
(iii) It repairs worn out tissues

(4d)
(i) It is a source of energy (Carbohydrates) to chicks

(4e)
1000gm = 1kg
One layer consume 0.012kg
400 layer will consume 0.012kg × 40
= 4.8kg

*Completed*
==============================

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NABTEB 2021 NEW OFFICIAL TIMETABLE TYPE BY OLIVELOADED NABTEB Timetable May/June 2021/2022
Oliveloaded.com.ng


Monday 14th June 2021
Chemistry paper1 objective and essay (9: 00am – 11:30am)
Literature in English (12:30pm – 2:30)(Shifted��)

www.oliveloaded.com


Tuesday 15th 2021
Physics paper1 obj and essay (9:30am-11:45am)
Financial accounting obj and essay (1pm-4:30pm)


Wednesday 16th June 2021
Biology paper 1 Obj and essay (9am – 11:20am)


Commerce Obj and Essay (1pm – 4:20pm)


Office practice Obj and essay (1pm – 4:20pm)


Salesmanship obj and essay (9am to 12:20pm)


Thursday 17th June 2021
Agricultural science paper 1 Obj and essay (9am – 11:30am)


Saturday 19th June 2021
Animal science paper 1 Obj and essay (9am – 11:30am)
Literature in English paper II Drama and poetry (3:40pm – 5:40pm)


21st June 2021
Mathematics paper I Obj (9am – 10:30am)
Mathematics paper II Essay (10:30 – 1pm)
ICT Paper obj and essay (3pm – 5:40pm)


22nd June 2021
English language paper I Obj/test of oral (9am – 10:40am)
Essay writing comp. and summary (10:40-1:10pm)
Civic Obj and Essay (3pm – 5:30pm)


23rd June 2021
Further mathematics paper I Obj (9am – 10:45am)
Further mathematics paper II Essay (10:45am – 12:45pm)
Government obj and essay (1pm – 3:30pm)


24th June 2021
CRS obj and essay (12 noon – 2: 30pm)


Islamic studies obj and essay (12noon – 2:30pm)


Friday 25th June 2021
Economics obj and essay (9am – 12:20pm)
Geography paper I Obj and essay (3pm – 6pm)


Monday 28th June 2021
Physics Paper II Practical (9am – 11:45am)


Tuesday 29th June 2021
Chemistry paper II Practical (9am – 11am)


Wednesday 30th June 2021
Biology paper II Practical (9am – 11am)


Friday 2nd July 2021
ICT Paper II Practical (9am – 12noon)


Monday 5th July 2021
Agricultural science paper II (9am – 11am)


Wednesday 7th July 2021
Geography paper II (PRACTICAL and PHY. Geography) (9am – 11am)


Thursday 8th July 2021
Animal science paper II Practical (9am – 11am)

Less

The Vice President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria Yemi osibanjo has finally stepped down. It has just been announced on TVC news, BBC news, AIT and NTA news.


https://nnc.com.ng/breaking-news%e2%80%8b-osibanjo-steps-down/

He stepped down from his car today in front of his office to continue his office task. He is such a hardworking Man.

Thank you for your attention.

Tension no go kill us in this Nigeria.

Now go back to whatever you were doing. Me, I just dey waka pass, so I say make I greet una. Una well done oh!!, happy weekend

Giveaway now now


https://www.djbombo.com.ng/

On Friday, Lai Mohammed, Nigeria’s Minister of Information, announced an “indefinite” suspension of Twitter in Nigeria.

According to a statement issued by Segun Adeyemi, his spokesman, Lai cited “the persistent use of the platform for activities that are capable of undermining Nigeria’s corporate existence”.

“The Minister said the Federal Government has also directed the National Broadcasting Commission (NBC) to immediately commence the process of licensing all OTT and social media operations in Nigeria,” Adeyemi added.

Chances are high that this was an emotional reaction to Twitter’s removal of a divisive tweet by President Muhammadu Buhari’s handle. But what if the ban were to be implemented?

This means young Nigerians will have to find an alternative to speak out against bad governance. Organisations like ‘Enough is Enough’ and ‘Tracka’, which monitor and hold politicians accountable via their hugely-followed Twitter platforms, will be affected.
Criminal activities have been boosted. More kidnap stories will escape our notice. The story of Iniubong Umoren would never have come to light if not for Twitter. Twitter has served as a platform for social justice and unveiling evil. Well, the government may just have handed evil an advantage over good!


Social media aides to politicans would lose their relevance. Presidential aides, governors and lawmakers use Twitter more than any other platform to pass information. Yes, there are other patforms. But Twitter is the most used by all of them. A ban on Twitter means they get to lose their jobs, really?
Internet service providers such as MTN, Glo, 9Mobile will be used to block access to Twitter and Nigerians will have to make use of VPNs to bypass the restriction. This however brings into question the new laws the government would use to furhter restrict freedom of speech.


This ban will affect the operations of Netflix, Amazon Prime Video and streaming platforms which will be licensed under government restrictions. When the government seeks to control information flow, this also affects the entertainment sector.
Small and medium businesses that depend on Twitter to market their products will be greatly affected. The Nigerian government always prides itself in supporting SMEs, but this is a retrogression and would further affect the economy.
Newspaper readership figures will drop. No need to explain, aren’t you reading this piece because you clicked on a link you saw on Twitter? Maybe you didn’t; your ‘neighbour’ surely did.
You remember #EndSARS? Of course, Twitter wasn’t the medium through which DJ Switch live-streamed the killing of protesters by Nigerian soldiers; it was Instagram. But anyone who followed events before October 20 understands that Twitter was the ultimate galvanizing social media platform for the protesters. If Twitter gets taken away from us, well, we may never see anything like #EndSARS again regardless of the pains of the people.
I know these thoughts aren’t exhaustive. Feel free to add yours.

https://nnc.com.ng/eight-things-that-happen-immedaitely-fg-government-ban-twitter/

Chioma Ajunwa, Atlanta 1996 Olympic gold medalist and first black woman to win a gold medal at the games in long jump, has revealed that she still hasn’t received the house she was promised by the then Lagos government of Olagunsoye Oyinlola.

Speaking on Sunday afternoon on ‘The Chat’, a Channels Television programme, Ajunwa also said how she had to retire early because Nigeria did not take care of her when she had injuries.

Ajunwa suffered an injury at the finals of the World Championship in Spain, but like many athletes who have injuries when representing the country, she was not taken care of.

“I thought that my country would have taken care of me, but they never did,” she said.

“When I came back I kept on going to the athletic federation, then the ministry; they never helped me. If my country had come to my aid, I wouldn’t have retired when I did.”

When she won the first gold medal for Nigeria, Ajunwa was given a national award, the Member of the Order of the Niger (MON), and was promoted from the rank of an Inspector to an Assistant Superintendent 1 (ASP1) by Gen. Sani Abacha, the then Head of State. She said she equally received N1 million.

Olagunsoye Oyinlola was the military administrator of Lagos State at the time and gave a three bed-room house for the gold medalists from the Olympics. However, Ajunwa said she was told she wouldn’t get it because she is not a Lagosian.

“I was not even given the house much less having it taken back,” she said in response to whether the house was taken back from her.

Ajunwa said she still felt bad about not being given the house and felt she was more of an object of ridicule compared to other colleagues who switched citizenship to other countries.

Ajunwa, an officer with the Nigeria Police Force which she joined before being an athlete, said that it was through the Police she made the national camp for the first time in her life.

In 1992 when she was banned from competing for failing a drug test, despite maintaining her innocence, it was the Police that paid for the drug tests she was to take to make her eligible to compete in the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.

She revealed that the Nigeria Police was the reason she ignored calls to compete for other countries and instead returned to Nigeria.

“I came back to Nigeria to do police work, to appreciate them, and to give back to the police that made me,” she said.

https://nnc.com.ng/25-years-after-chioma-ajunwa-yet-to-receive-house-promised-for-olympic-gold-feat/

On Saturday morning between 11 am and 12 pm, as Nigerians woke up to the reality of a Twitter ban, and downloading Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) to access Twitter, the Nigerian government, through the office of the Presidency, reached out to the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) morning to discuss plans to build an internet firewall, FIJ has learnt.

The government officials present at the meeting include Ibrahim Gambari, the Chief of Staff to the President, and Lai Mohammed, Minister of Information and Culture.

The internet firewall is a way of having a separate network for the Nigerian Internet that will give the government control over social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook. This is similar to the internet filtering system China operates, called the Great Firewall.

According to CFR, “the Great Firewall, is the centre of the government’s online censorship and surveillance effort. Its methods include bandwidth throttling, keyword filtering, and blocking access to certain websites.”

The Reporters Without Borders states that the firewall makes large-scale use of Deep Packet Inspection technology, an advanced method of examining and managing network traffic. The Nigerian government seeks to establish the Nigerian Internet, which it will also control likewise.

A digital security expert told FIJ that China is the only country that deploys total Deep Packet Inspection over its cyberspace. The technology involves making use of lots of manpower.

The internet firewall will also give the Nigerian government power to block VPN, which many Nigerians are using to access Twitter. The CAC is the central internet regulator, censor, oversight and control agency for China and answers to the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission, headed by Xi Jinping, China’s President. Since its existence, the CAC, which also gives approval to data by Chinese companies outside of China, regulates usernames on the Chinese Internet, licences news information services, and bans comments that “harm national security” or “harm the nations honour interest”.

Wall Street Journal reported that People.cn, the online arm of the Communist Party’s People’s Daily newspaper, offers content moderation as a service. The chairman of People.cn predicted that censorship in China will grow to a $70 billion industry.

The Nigerian government has in the past few years sought a way to control freedom of expression online. Towards the end of 2015, the Frivolous Petition Bill targeting online and print media as well as regulating social media posts was introduced into the Senate just 10 months after Buhari’s ascent to power. In 2019, lawmakers introduced two bills: the National Commission for the Prohibition of Hate Speech bill and the Protection from Internet Falsehood and Manipulation and other Related Offences bill, prompting public outcry that meant they were not passed into law.

This was however not the only effort the Nigerian government made in controlling online speech and spying on its citizens. In November 2017, 21 pro-Biafra websites were taken down on the orders of the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC). FIJ learnt that the government had explored using Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) between 2018 and 2019 to track down Biafra agitators and supporters, as well as government critics on social media. Intelligence agencies make use of OSINT to track people or events. The Nigerian government had reached out to Bellingcat investigators, a British investigative journalism website that specialises in OSINT, but they declined to work with the Nigerian government.

FIJ learnt that Bellingcat was approached to give OSINT training to the Nigerian intelligence community to develop local capacity for Open Source Investigation. The Nigerian government had sold the angle of national security and fighting terrorism to Bellingcat, but that wasn’t at the top of the government’s priority. Bellingcat later discovered that the purpose of the training was to hunt down civilians and those who spoke negatively against the government, and not Boko Haram terrorists as claimed by the Nigerian government. The terrorists, in this case, were pro-Biafra supporters. Bellingcat has been reported to say what the US intelligence can’t, which includes exposing Russian activities.

FIJ’s source said the EndSARS protests in 2020 made the government more desperate to control the cyberspace. The conversation about a Nigerian firewall started during the EndSARS protests.

“The government needed a legal framework through which it could carry out its actions,” he said. “That legal framework would serve as a justification for their actions. Mostly, the rhetoric of the government uses, including Friday’s suspension of Twitter, was around Nigeria’s unity and national security.”

A 2020 report titled Running in Circles Uncovering the Clients of Cyberespionage Firm Circles by The Citizen Lab of the University of Toronto showed that Nigeria’s Defence Intelligence Agency had recruited the services of Circles in 2015 and 2017 to spy on its citizens and track down government critics.

Nigeria’s surveillance capabilities rank high on the continent. In 2018, the Office of the National Security Adviser (ONSA) was allocated $12.8 million for Stranvisky Project 2. Other budget allocations intended to increase the surveillance capabilities of both the ONSA and the Department of State Security (DSS) included a ‘Social Media Mining Suite’, ‘Wolverme Next Generation SDRIMSI’, ‘Surveillance Drone’ and ‘Mobile Surveillance Facilities’.

Freedom House, a US-based advocacy group, revealed that the surveillance projects such as Stranvisky Project 2 still received allocation in the 2019 and 2020 budget proposals.

The Citizen Lab, meanwhile, reported that Circles, a surveillance firm, exploits weaknesses in the global mobile phone system to snoop on calls, texts, and the location of phones around the globe. Circles relies on inside sources and open sources intelligence and customers can purchase a system that they connect to local telecommunications companies. Circles merged with NSO Group in 2014, an Israeli surveillance company that sells surveillance equipment.

A 2016 investigation showed that in 2010, Rotimi Amaechi, the former Governor of Rivers State, was the first government official to make contact with Circles to deliver internet surveillance equipment. Though the deal fell through, it highlighted the direction Nigeria was going.

Internet shutdown has become a tool that African leaders are more inclined to exercise during protests and elections. In 2017 in Cameroon, for example, the Anglophone regions had internet shutdown for over three months, and it was only restored on the orders of their sit-tight President, Paul Biya.

https://nnc.com.ng/exclusive-presidency-meets-with-chinas-cyber-regulator-to-build-nigerian-internet-firewall/

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