₦airaland Forum

Truthdeypain:
You are a very stupid idiot. Bastard!

Raggamuffin. Insulting someone online is a sin.

Uju is actually very dull to be a prof. If she's going to blame UK monarch for genocide against the Igbos, she should as well as blame American government. Both UK and USA provided Nigeria with weapons while France provided Biafra with weapons and mercenaries. Now to put all the blame on a British monarch that doesn't have constitution power says a lot about her level of intelligence. To now think that she lives and lectures in US university reeks of hypocrisy and stupidity

Truthdeypain:
Yoruba people are evil just like "AWOLOWO" our millions of ancestors who died wouldn't have died of not for that bastard. They are one and the same.
These people are worst than the devil. Ekwensu dey learn work for where dem dey.

And to think the bastard had to poison himself because he was scared of jail. No be today their cowardice start.

all this evil was started by Igbo so why all this sudden cry from our dear biafrans imagine no single Igbo man was killed in the first coup d'état while many hausas and yorubas were killed with out showing mercy but now when the both tribe do the needful you idiotic tribe started crying and behaving like a coward so to all igbos if any one should be in pain that will definitely be una son ojukwu who started the war.

Trojan8:
You no know before? It was Nigeria vs Biafra, Britain as other countries supported Nigeria as an institution. Even Biafra had support from France and other nations. The war was lost. 50+ years later, they are still blaming Britain for supporting a country they created. What were they expecting Britain to do?

Was the war even necessary?

GeneralPula:
Yes, it’s a civil war. Not colonization or invasion..

Maybe the war might not have happened if Igbo didn’t ignite the first ever Nigeria coup that killed several Nigerians, including the then prime minister..

Maybe the war might not have gone really loud if Ojukwu didn’t attack Lagos. He attacked Lagos. Foreigners are living in the west as at then. The major intention of British was to protect their people in Nigeria, haven’t known Igbos started the first ever coup could do anything again..

Several countries helped Biafra against Nigeria too. Lots of Nigerians died during the war. Why isn’t Nigeria making noise about it?

We should all just playing victim and move ahead jawe .

gidgiddy:
Its never going to happen, which is why you will never have a peaceful Nigeria

Is your own Region Peaceful ?

Why are your People fleeing to the SW in droves ?

Just be honest

Proudlyomonna:
Looll na Northerners dey plan to kill Bubu na infact them don already send am death threats.
I dare you to prove that you are not looking for who will help you masturbate away your destiny on tribal hate by chunning out anywhere in what I wrote that relegates to hate.
I am not a tribalist like your type,I have friends and associates from all cross and section of this Country.
Nzeogwu is not an Igboman

Shattap. Tribal hate ambassadors of West Africa

onuman:
Laugh over your foolishness.
Aburi Accord in Ghana would have averted the Nigerian civil war.
But Nigeria reneged after signing the accord. Nigeria started the war against Biafra.
Arewa leaders were about declaring Arewa Republic when the colonial masters advised them to stick to one Nigeria, including the resource rich Biafra area.
Uju Anya recounts how her pregnant mum carrying two other children was running as refugee from one town to the next, each time Nigeria's soldiers arrived.

But after the war, Nigeria's Finance Minister ordered that any Biafran who could find documents to prove that he/she had account with Nigeria's bank before the civil war, should be paid a paltry sum of £20.
The Finance minister knew that only a few of the refugees running from one town to the other, would be able to still have any proof of having account in a Nigerian bank before the civil war.

Till today, Nigeria has waged economic and political war against the Igbo.
The British had a referendum over membership of EU. Why does Nigeria fear referendum on who wants to be a Nigerian?

The comments below answers you

Nairanation2:
Are our Igbo brothers aware that this war was completely needless & avoidable had Nnamdi Azikwe through his Eastern Nigeria party NCNC not thwarted d much fought & debated 'right to secession clause' championed by Awolowo's The Action Group. This was to be part of d Constitution then. Azikwe formed an alliance with d North through the Northern party, the Northern People's Congress this clause never saw d light of d day. In d end, who suffered? There's Karma. The Igbos inadvertently played themselves.

Morphinne:
Apologize to you for a war you started? Ojukwu should be the one to apologize for foolishly leading your blind fathers into a war they were never going to win.
What were they thinking when they killed one of the brightest minds the northern Nigeria had ever produced, sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Ahmadu Bello, Chief Samuel Ladoke Akintola and 19 others while sparing their own people in power at the time?
They even installed an Igbo man to be the head of government yet these set of vile people keep playing the victim cards on us.
The Igbo race owes the Southwesterners, the South-south people as well the Northerners an apology for killing their sons and revered leaders in the event that marked the first ever bloodshed disguised to be a political struggle. You can’t keep claiming to be victims when indeed, you started the madness but got yourselves whipped and tamed and reduced to dots in a circle ever since. Pls swallow your L in peace and move on. Nigerians too deserve a profound apology from you pigs.

Grandmeister:
Biafra declared war on Nigeria? Some of you Nigerians especially from the west are very demonic! Even the northerners who benefited more from the aftermath of the war are not this crass and foolish.

The comments below answers you

onuman:
Laugh over your foolishness.
Aburi Accord in Ghana would have averted the Nigerian civil war.
But Nigeria reneged after signing the accord. Nigeria started the war against Biafra.
Arewa leaders were about declaring Arewa Republic when the colonial masters advised them to stick to one Nigeria, including the resource rich Biafra area.
Uju Anya recounts how her pregnant mum carrying two other children was running as refugee from one town to the next, each time Nigeria's soldiers arrived.

But after the war, Nigeria's Finance Minister ordered that any Biafran who could find documents to prove that he/she had account with Nigeria's bank before the civil war, should be paid a paltry sum of £20.
The Finance minister knew that only a few of the refugees running from one town to the other, would be able to still have any proof of having account in a Nigerian bank before the civil war.

Till today, Nigeria has waged economic and political war against the Igbo.
The British had a referendum over membership of EU. Why does Nigeria fear referendum on who wants to be a Nigerian?

The comments below answers you

Nairanation2:
Are our Igbo brothers aware that this war was completely needless & avoidable had Nnamdi Azikwe through his Eastern Nigeria party NCNC not thwarted d much fought & debated 'right to secession clause' championed by Awolowo's The Action Group. This was to be part of d Constitution then. Azikwe formed an alliance with d North through the Northern party, the Northern People's Congress this clause never saw d light of d day. In d end, who suffered? There's Karma. The Igbos inadvertently played themselves.

Morphinne:
Apologize to you for a war you started? Ojukwu should be the one to apologize for foolishly leading your blind fathers into a war they were never going to win.
What were they thinking when they killed one of the brightest minds the northern Nigeria had ever produced, sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Ahmadu Bello, Chief Samuel Ladoke Akintola and 19 others while sparing their own people in power at the time?
They even installed an Igbo man to be the head of government yet these set of vile people keep playing the victim cards on us.
The Igbo race owes the Southwesterners, the South-south people as well the Northerners an apology for killing their sons and revered leaders in the event that marked the first ever bloodshed disguised to be a political struggle. You can’t keep claiming to be victims when indeed, you started the madness but got yourselves whipped and tamed and reduced to dots in a circle ever since. Pls swallow your L in peace and move on. Nigerians too deserve a profound apology from you pigs.

DimIsaac10:
I even thought it was colonization sef.

So its civil war?.
Instead of your tribe to appologise to some tribes for forcefully draging them into the war.

Colonisation is better than neocolonialism

Igbojew:
If you like try by using your last line where you said that you don't have any hatred for Igbos and that you still support Peter Obi to water down the enormous hatred you have against Igbos the fact is Igbos have seen you people's hatred against them finish and they don't give a f*ck...............I am that Igbojew the table shaker

The comments below answers you.

onuman:
Laugh over your foolishness.
Aburi Accord in Ghana would have averted the Nigerian civil war.
But Nigeria reneged after signing the accord. Nigeria started the war against Biafra.
Arewa leaders were about declaring Arewa Republic when the colonial masters advised them to stick to one Nigeria, including the resource rich Biafra area.
Uju Anya recounts how her pregnant mum carrying two other children was running as refugee from one town to the next, each time Nigeria's soldiers arrived.

But after the war, Nigeria's Finance Minister ordered that any Biafran who could find documents to prove that he/she had account with Nigeria's bank before the civil war, should be paid a paltry sum of £20.
The Finance minister knew that only a few of the refugees running from one town to the other, would be able to still have any proof of having account in a Nigerian bank before the civil war.

Till today, Nigeria has waged economic and political war against the Igbo.
The British had a referendum over membership of EU. Why does Nigeria fear referendum on who wants to be a Nigerian?

The comments below answers you

Nairanation2:
Are our Igbo brothers aware that this war was completely needless & avoidable had Nnamdi Azikwe through his Eastern Nigeria party NCNC not thwarted d much fought & debated 'right to secession clause' championed by Awolowo's The Action Group. This was to be part of d Constitution then. Azikwe formed an alliance with d North through the Northern party, the Northern People's Congress this clause never saw d light of d day. In d end, who suffered? There's Karma. The Igbos inadvertently played themselves.

Morphinne:
Apologize to you for a war you started? Ojukwu should be the one to apologize for foolishly leading your blind fathers into a war they were never going to win.
What were they thinking when they killed one of the brightest minds the northern Nigeria had ever produced, sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Ahmadu Bello, Chief Samuel Ladoke Akintola and 19 others while sparing their own people in power at the time?
They even installed an Igbo man to be the head of government yet these set of vile people keep playing the victim cards on us.
The Igbo race owes the Southwesterners, the South-south people as well the Northerners an apology for killing their sons and revered leaders in the event that marked the first ever bloodshed disguised to be a political struggle. You can’t keep claiming to be victims when indeed, you started the madness but got yourselves whipped and tamed and reduced to dots in a circle ever since. Pls swallow your L in peace and move on. Nigerians too deserve a profound apology from you pigs.

Truthdeypain:
That's is why you will always remain useless in life all of your useless bastards on this forum will forever be useless ogun go kill all of una GENOCIDAL AFONJA People. People who fought to save themselves from state sponsored POGROMS.

Let's say all the distortions you people are making is true. So a coup that killed a couple of persons. Led to a ethnic cleansing of of all the top millitary Igbo officers. An ethnic cleansing of the Igbo Army officers.

Now that wasn't enough a state sponsored riots continued as both soldiers, police officers, Civilians, youths, men and women were SPONSORED in riots that broke out all over the place where Thousands of Igbos were masaccreed to death several POGROMS took place. These same people ran back to their eastern regions only to be sent back to their various regions by OJUKWU who was assured that these people would no longer be killed bit protected however these people went back to a fresh slaughter of their citizens...Thousand again died. Overall Ojukwu was forced by the people of the east to declare a sovereign state of BIAFRA for their own fear and PRESERVATION of life.

And you guys are seriously asking why did Ojukwu declare war, asking stupid daft questions, if you were in his shores what would you do. How can you blame a man that sent his People back and all. A man that was at Aburi accord doing everything to prevent the war.

How can you be so full of wickedness and justify the worst evil to happen to mankind. God go punish you and all your family members one by one.

Am far better than you traitors, you people come to our regions like slaves selling in hold up etc, you people are the wretched one, going everywhere like refugees trying to survive. The dot nation of a desolate region and flaat headed people. Ojukwu was the underdog, he was too hasty, did beyond himself. There is absolutely no reason for him to launch the first attack, if he was wise, he would have maintained status quo, and seek peaceful negotiations, but his flat head pushed him to murder 2million igbos. Nothing like state sponsored progroms, it was Muslim and Northern fanatics seeking revenge for the killings of the Sardauna and their leaders. Nzeogwu was a drug addict, he didn't think it through.

IamPlato:
you that is talking, what caused the war? Why did biafra declare war on Nigeria?


Do you expect war to come with dancing and singing? Ojukwu is to be blamed not Queen of England... When you declare war then expect the consequences

You're not Plato because Plato was intelligent

Who told that Biafra declared war on Nigeria,
Can you prove that

kingthreat:
If Uju were in the UK, there is a possibility that a nationalist would have assassinated her. You encourage people to keep talking anyhow. At least you cannot do the same to Islam in public.
On the Benin invasion, the Bini kingdom was already weak in the late 19th century. Ovonramwen killed tens on British soldiers. On expecting war with the British, many innocent indigenes were sacrificed to appease the gods to favour him in the war. Then the British came with a force and showed him the Art of War and looted. To the victor, all the spoils. That was the story. There was a provocation.
You should be lucky that it is the British empire in power. If Hitler had succeeded, a rebellious tribe would have been exterminated. If you have a problem with colonization, then your people instead of fighting stupid battles, looting resources and being corrupt should create a formidable military. From Day 1, Earth has been about conquest. We speak English because our ancestors were weak.

We speak English because the leaders allow it not because ancestors were weak if ancestors were weak we would have been colonized since the 1500s.

If English is not used then people will have to learn the language of the region they are in which should be the norm but because of " one Nigeria" its not the norm.

codemaniacs:
The comments below answers you



The comments below answers you

You have repeated this Igbo coup so much that it is beginning to look like the truth, and aided with your devious removal of history to challenge such lies. Because nzeogwu was the leader made it an Igbo coup?? What about Brig. Ademulegun?? What about Brig. Maimalari? These were nzeogwu’s right hand men who carried out the coups and actively pulled the triggers, BUT no! You all now made it look like nzeogwu was at different places at the same time shooting people?

Rozross:
I support her on this, this British people actually did more harm than good

how would you call the one that e ipob and esn are doing

adenigga:
Source: https://punchng.com/Britain-owes-Igbo-apology-compensation-for-Biafras-destruction-Prof-Anya

madam go and suuuue them ooo no be to write

Nyamiri:
Biafra should also apologise to Israel for being cowards. Biafrans are the only people supported by Israel in war and they still lost. Useless cowards.

Biafrans should apologise to those they killed. The minorities in the former Midwest and Eastern regions, killed by Biafrans.

Israel also supported Nigeria, Israel was selling weapons to both Nigeria and Biafra

She has singlehandedly succeeded in bringing out Igbo genocide to the limelight of discuss. The british empire really need to do the needful to put this issue to a final closure for everyone.

rusher14:
Did Biafran soldiers not kill civilians?

Of course they did bro. War is to soldiers not to civilians, kids women and children.

"The all is fair in war" and "Starvation is a legitimate" weapon of war both slogans of AWOLOWO are great fallacies which he himself knows as the lawyer he is.

Bro what do you think of the HOLOCAUST and the the RWANDAN GENOCIDE.

Some of these heartless fools on this forum claiming that the Nazis did not apologize and make repatriations after the war, are obviously being intentionally ignorant.

There nothing to say sha. I have been good to all the Yorubas I have met all my life but I am seriously having a reconfiguration of heart. These People were not only evil in the past but perhaps the most evil minded people today anywhere I don't speak of Northerners because I know they love to spill blood. But this time around BiAFRA wasn't a fair fight it was a Genocide.

The bastard who was equatikg countries that fought and supported each other is obviously disinforming his illiterate audience. All those countries he listed there none officially supported BiAFRA. Infact the french they said we're trying to support BiAFRA didn't even have the guts they went through I don't know whether it's cameron now abi na ivory cost to take in some arms every now and then BiAFRA really was struggling with getting international help

YET had AWOLOWO not carried out his starvation policies BIAFRA would have certainly lived free from it's enemies today. On its own free from wicked people who hate progress in their lives but will only kill another man because if oil.

Weedcrusher:
Uju is actually very dull to be a prof. If she's going to blame UK monarch for genocide against the Igbos, she should as well as blame American government. Both UK and USA provided Nigeria with weapons while France provided Biafra with weapons and mercenaries. Now to put all the blame on a British monarch that doesn't have constitution power says a lot about her level of intelligence. To now think that she lives and lectures in US university reeks of hypocrisy and stupidity

Dr Anya hasn't stopped you from criticizing any unforeseen support to a dieing monarch/leader of France or any country you feel supported biafra.

Her response is from a place of anger ; which is her fundamental right as clarified by her university...


EDUCATION IS DEAD IN NIGERIA

Christistruth00:
Is your own Region Peaceful ?

Why are your People fleeing to the SW in droves ?

Just be honest

Nigeria is second most terrorised country in the world for a reason

JOemmy:
She has singlehandedly succeeded in bringing out Igbo genocide to the limelight of discuss. The british empire really need to do the needful to put this issue to a final closure for everyone.

That is my only joy. The kind of ecstacy these Nigerians have whenever the issue of BIAFRA comes up is unimaginable. If the war was to come up again. All these sons of AWOLOWO will do worse than he did m, except of course we've learned from history.

The british recognizing and doing something about the GENOCIDE will be something nice for the spirits of our ancestors. Whose struggles for self preservation has been buried and dusted by the Nigerians.

The day BiAFRA will be official recognized as a Genocide heritage will be the happiest day of my life. It is not money, it is not repatriations but the very fact that the truth has been recognized by the world will be a great victory for all those babies including lots of my family members who were starved to death simply because they refused to remain in a country that wanted to commit GENOCIDE on her.

gidgiddy:
What is it you dont understand?

Britain helped Nigeria kill over 3 million Igbos, but you dont understand why Uju Anya should be angry at the figure head of Britain, the Queen?

So does this women also blame Nigerians for doing the actual killing?
She sounds confused and actually quite dense about why the war took place. What about all the non-Igbos who were killed during the war? Who do they blame?

Nigerians and Biafrans war against one another and kill themselves but she blames a 96 year old lady?

She acyually quite a vile human being without common sense.

Gemma11:
So does this women also blame Nigerians for doing the actual killing?
She sounds confused and actually quite dense about why the war took place. What about all the non-Igbos who were killed during the war? Who do they blame?

Nigerians and Biafrans war against one another and kill themselves but she blames a 96 year old lady?

She acyually quite a vile human being without common sense.

The woman is not actually blaming anyone, she attacked the Chief Monarch of the country that helped Nigeria kill millions of her people

All the none Igbos who were killed are free to use tweeter to do what she did, she is not stopping them

The tragedy of it all is that those who think Uju Anya is vile for what she did, are the same people who see nothing wrong in millions of her people being killed

Their problem is a tweet

Gemma11:
So does this women also blame Nigerians for doing the actual killing?
She sounds confused and actually quite dense about why the war took place. What about all the non-Igbos who were killed during the war? Who do they blame?

Nigerians and Biafrans war against one another and kill themselves but she blames a 96 year old lady?

She acyually quite a vile human being without common sense.

You are actually super stupid. And you reason like a shit eating slowpoke.

Is she angry at Nigerians, just imagine the daft questions you are asking, when a woman explained herself to pieces.

As for me I am happy at Nigerians for constantly denying burying distorting twisting and falsifying historical certainties. I am happy for having people who do not understand the plan and torture our parents and grandparents went through make statement like this. " Awolowo should have sacrificed more of those bastard kwashiokor babies" those mockeries are even being made on these threads. Those are hate speeches those things are being mad eon twitter do you know you cannot say such stuff about the RWANDAN GENOCIDE or the Holocaust.

So you are telling me that this woman shouldn't be angry. There is no human being with a heart who has watched or followed the civil war and documentaries and has not been reduced to tears. It is only you devilish children of hate and Genocide who have the spirits of AWOLOWO and Ahmadu Bello inside of you who express emotions differently (on favour of the (GENOCIDERS) Keep deceiving your useless self.

We are talking about GENOCIDE, STARVATION, WAR CRIMES you go go dey here dey talk rubbish, person dey traumatized, una go still dey ask useless questions. There's no point trying to explain anything to you. For the fact you fit dey dismiss that tangible explanation that women gave shows you are as useless and stupid as the rest of the idiots in this forum if not more.

Children of the devil and Genocide.

JOemmy:
She has singlehandedly succeeded in bringing out Igbo genocide to the limelight of discuss. The british empire really need to do the needful to put this issue to a final closure for everyone.

Do the needful by giving you guys money abi.

gidgiddy:
The woman is not actually blaming anyone, she attacked the Chief Monarch of the country that helped Nigeria kill millions of her people

All the none Igbos who were killed are free to use tweeter to do what she did, she is not stopping them

The tragedy of it all is that those who think Uju Anya is vile for what she did, are the same people who see nothing wrong in millions of her people being killed

Their problem is a tweet

The Biafran war was a tragedy for all today who refer to themselves as Nigerians.

However as this woman actually targeted the Nigerians who the Biafrans were at war with? Seems to me like like she chose an easy target..a 96 year old dying woman for clout and that makes her disgusting and foul. She'll get what she deserves.

I wonder if she actually refers to herself as a Nigerian...if she does then she is a hypocrite of the highest order.

viodemus:
I get her point better now. I differ with her on how she went about it.


I don't want any unvotable crown over Nigeria like the great USA, but we can be cordial with the UK.

I also cannot deny my admiration for the history and legacy of the British royal and other legit royals.

The queen did not wear masquerade attires everyday, and she moves around shaking people, helping people, economic sense progress. Not like the fakes and Halloweeners in Nigeria, they don't do nothing but like to balance and have mumu people bow and form guardian.


Ms anyi, you are actually harming the igbos.

Nigeria is a tinder box right now, more than ever, and maybe into next year. We all wish peace, but wickedness may happen ( we all pray not), at the last round of wickedness, we prayed, 3 mil happened. We all wish for peace and love with all, but don't group igbos to begin with a disadvantage again.


What if one of the other two major tribes, or even others, decides to teach igbos more than a 3 mil lesson, they might have a head start in toys, we thought was for all, but they kept to themselves. If they allow the devil use them like that - God forbid;
But if it gets to that, what can the igbos do? Do you think the Brits will try to help resolve it on time, or even help your aggressor.

I am sure that your baby elephant trunk nose is affecting your vision, so because they buried your relatives, now you want to finish everyone else with your tactless ways. You could have made your point in a measured way.


Well, the igbos love America, Israel, UK, Canada, Australia, Germany,, Ukraine, and other good people of the world.

Igbos love peace, but things must equal and balance for all in Nigeria. We want peace, but you can never tell. That is why if the uk, and others are neutral or support all parties, that will be good for us, that way we can reciprocate wickedness. We can be busy over their skies.

Imagine say uk gada you n law, us gada you himars, wetin you dey talk, you no go talk about am, because e go be equal or even favorable.


We don't pray for evil, but don't put igbos in a corner when we have not fully understood how the devil use people.

I pray for a peaceful, prosperous, mature, and fun United Nigeria.

You must be silly to include Ukraine in your list of "good" people of the World

compton11:
So Igbos the coons of west Africa need apologies from one of their masters that they always lick their ass?

Well Yoruba also need apologies from Igbos for killing ladoke akintola, and some of our army plus by invading Western region instead of invading their main northern enemies.

You can collect your apologies from awolowo who sponsored the coup, banjo and ademoyega, who recruited, planned and also participated also as to g leaders in the coup.

Horokrox:
You must be silly to include Ukraine in your list of "good" people of the World

pussen bot detected. 23 years in power, as per the only man with a brain in russia.

Russian Visa dey o, no line, na 9 minutes wait time.

Ukraine has been bravery tested. And they are confirmed.

AmehTsaev:
Firstly, anybody that uses Wikipedia as an academic and informative source deserves to have his/her academic credentials burnt to ashes, utter waste of education or lack thereof.

Secondly you need to brush up your knowledge of the Nigerian civil war by READING, the premise of which will make you cognitively understand there's a difference between getting military support in terms of military hardwares and other war logistics, and diplomatic (political)recognition....cause if you were intelligent enough to know these differences, it won't be hard to understand that with the exception of France that assisted Biafra with some military support (albeit belatedly) towards the tail end of 1968, the other countries you listed there on the side of Biafra actually only recognized the sovereignty of Biafra, but never supported Biafra in the military sense...the Armaments alone that Britain and Russia supplied to Nigeria was enough to fight 5 African countries at the same time, Biafra didn't even have 1/3 of what Nigeria had and got in military supplies till the end of the war.

Read!!!!

Stop wasting your time with these lectures on these children of hate and Genocide.

You truly beleive that dimwit does not know how to sort the truth, and make empirical research, you really think illiteracy or daftness has anything to do with their PROPAGANDA GASLIGHTING and JUSTIFICATIONS. Someone who tells you that "More Biafran babies should be starved to death"

And you think the best response for you to the is to start an oxford lecture, you are obviously not in Nigeria or haven't lived here for two years. If not you'll realize that what you are doing is just pouring water through a basket.

You cannot reason with HATE and JEALOUSY, If there was a way for these present day Yorubas and Hausas to repeat the past they will gladly do it a million times over, the only difference is no one will love to tell the tale, no babies, no women, no cameras, no videos and nothing

The french actually didn't also openly support BiAFRA but did so through our African neighbours by sending in small arms and cutlasses, nothing much, mist of what we used were built in BiAFRA including the Ogbunigwe, for three years we refined our own oil, flew planes, ran a mini economy.