print('happy new year')

#controlling print function
a='hello'
b='world'

print(a)
print(b)

#output
hello
world

#To remove newline

print(a,end=(' '))
print(b)

#output
hello world

        
'''I want us to know that python is object oriented programming (OOP)
languague, all data type is as a result of creation of object from their respective
classes e.g int datatype can be worked on this way'''      

a=int(5)
b=int(-6)
 
print("a-b=",a.__sub__(b)) #subtaction method of int class which mean a-b 

print("b-a=",a.__rsub__(b)) #mean start operation from right side

print("a+b=",a.__add__(b)) #addition method of int class just like __sub__

print("b+a=",a.__radd__(b))

print("a*b=",a.__mul__(b)) #multiplication method of int class

''' To emulate above behaviour in our own way,
    we will define our own class
 '''

class myclass:
    def __init__(self,x):
        self.value=x
        
    def __add__(self,other): #overriding addition method of int claas
        return self.value + other.value
    
    def __sub__(self,other): #overriding substration method of init class
        return self.value - other.value

c=myclass(9)
d=myclass(10)

#normally using operantors (+,-,/) on our class objects will create error
#but we have overrided + and - operantors only so that these operantors 
#can work on our class we defined
#note that /, * and other operantors wont work because we didnt
#override those operantors.To make them work just create new method
#like + and - operators

print('c+d =',c+d)
print('c-d=',c-d)
print('c*d=',c*d) # this will throw error

#How to format your class output using __str__ method
class myclass:
    def __init__(self):
        pass
    
    def __str__(self):
        return 'my name is class'
        
print(myclass())

Output:
my name is class


#without __str__ method

class myclass:
    def __init__(self):
        pass
        
print(myclass())

Output:
<__main__.myclass object at oxbchjlidk>

#protected variable example
class MyData:
    '''program for personal data
    
    name name
    '''
    def __init__(self,name):
        self._name=name
        
    def get_name(self):
        return self._name
        
d=MyData('gbolly')

#this is a protected variable in python with single underscore
#calling _name attribute outside class scope will work

print(d._name) 

Output: gbolly



#private variable example
class MyData:
    '''program for personal data
    
    name name
    '''
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.__name=name
        
    def get_name(self):
        return self.__name
        
d=MyData('gbolly')

#this is a private variable in python with double underscore
#calling __name attribute will not work outside the class scope

print(d.__name) 

Output: <'MyData' object has no attributes __name>


#to access your private member 
class MyData:
    '''program for personal data
    
    name name
    '''
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.__name=name
        
    def get_name(self):
        return self.__name
        
d=MyData('gbolly')

#call using a function of the class scope works

print(d.get_name())

Output: gbolly

yemyke001:
Weldone boss.. Please we await more of your tutelage. It's really making sense!

def add(n):
    return add(n-1)

Example 2
def add(n):
    If n<=1:
        return 1
    return add(n-1)

print(add(4))

Output: 1

Example 3

def add(n):
    If n<=1:
        return 1
    return n + add(n-1)

print(add(4))

Output: 10

import cProfile

def counter():
    count=0
    for count in range(10000):
        count+=1
    return count
    
if __name__== "__main__" :
    cProfile.run("counter()" )

gbolly1151:
[b]HOW TO CHECK RUNNING TIME OF YOUR SCRIPT[\b]
After writing a long script, it is a good practice to check the running time of your script with numbers of input for optimization. There is a module in python for this purpose called cProfile, so let write some code and check the running time

import cProfile

def counter():
    count=0
    for count in range(10000):
        count+=1
    return count
    
if __name__== "__main__" :
    cProfile.run("counter()" )

Check the output in the pic below


let define those column

ncalls : numbers of calls made by the function
tottime : total time taken for the function to excecute
percall : tottime/ncall
cumtime : commulative time for all the calls made on the function
percall : quotient of cumtime divided by primitive calls
filename lineno(function) : filename is the name of the file(eg test.py), lineno(eg
lineno for import cProfile is 7), function is the name of function

d = str.maketrans({'a':'1', 'b':'2'}) 
print('abaab'.translate(d)) 

The result is '12112'.

var=expr1 if condition else expr2

This simply mean our var value will be expr1 if condition is True,else our 
var value will be expr2

#example1: we are given a task to output if a number is positive or negative
#old code is

num=-10
def remark(num):
   if num >= 0:
       return 'positive'
   return 'negative'

print(remark(num))

output= negative

#using short code with conditional expression

num= -10
remark='postive' if num >= 0 else 'negative'
print(remark)

#you can use this condition in any function directly too,so let use it in print #function
num= -10
print('postive' if num >= 0 else 'negative')

class String:
    def __init__(self,string):
        self.string=string
        self.i=1

   def __iter__(self):
        return self
    
    def __next__(self):
        if abs(self.i) == len(self.string)+1 :
            raise StopIteration
        else: 
            value=self.string[-self.i]
            self.i+=1
            return value

for char in String('cat'):
    print(char)

Output:
t
a
c


What happen behind the scene is this:
var=String('cat')
While True:
    try:
         Print(next(var))
     except StopIteration:
         break

'''var=String('cat')
s=iter(var)
print(next(s))
print(next(s))
print(next(s))'''

       
#example of yield
def counter():
    for i in range(10):
        yield i**2
obj=counter() #generator object is return and state is kept for next call using 
                          # next()
print(next(obj))
print(next(obj))
print(next(obj))
print('end my next call here')

'''
Recall that iter() and next() are brain behind for loop,therefore
we can use for loop on obj since it is iterable 
'''

print('starting new next call with forloop') 
for i in obj:
    print(i) 
    

#example of return

def counter():
    for i in range(10):
        return i
        
returnobj=counter()
print('return obj is',returnobj) #only 0 will be return then function terminate

locust:
I don't even understand a thing from here.
Nnaa ehn

gbolly1151:

Which part and are you just learning python?

locust:


Confused on which one to learn first; Java, python, Django, c# and the rest. I'm a rookie.

Playforkeeps:
What im about to share isnt necessary a Practice, think of it as a tip. And it is how to setup a simple file server in python to be accessed by any client in your LAN. All you have to do is cd into the Server root directory and run
<code> python3 -m http.server <code/>
that will start a server on default port 8000 and if thats not suitable for you, you can pass in a custom port as an argument to the command.

gbolly1151:

Nice one

Playforkeeps:

Thanks man, you’re doing a great job here man, we need more active Python/Django communities

Traceback (most recent call):
2//0
ZeroDivisionError: interger division or modulou by zero

def div1(num):
    try: 
       num=100//num
       return num
    except ZeroDivisionError:
       return "Oop! You can't divide by zero"
 
#let divide 100/0      
print('\noutput from div1 is "{0}"\n\n '.format(div1(0)))
       
       
def div2(num):
    num=100//num
    return num
 
#let divide 100/0    
print('output from div2 is\n')
print(div2(0))

alphabet=[chr(97+num) for num in range(26)]
print(''.join(alphabet))

Output: abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz