Looking for the top FMCG companies in Nigeria?

This article covers all you need to know about Nigeria’s FMCG companies.

The article covers;
The meaning of FMCG
FMCG Companies in Nigeria
Highest paying FMCG Companies
Multinational FMCG Companies in Nigeria
FMCG Distribution companies in Nigeria
Frequently asked questions and
More

Let’s get to it.



FMCG Companies in Nigeria – An Introduction

FMCG is an acronym for Fast Moving Consumer Goods.

These are goods with high turnover rates i.e.; sellers sell them quickly and at relatively low costs.

There are 4 types of consumer goods;

Convenience
Specialty
Shopping, and
Unsought.

We’ll look at these in more detail later on. These types of goods can further fall into the following categories;

Durable goods
Nondurable goods, and
Services.


Features of FMCGs

The top features of FMCGs include:

Frequent purchase
Low cost
Short shelf life
Rapid consumption
Low engagement (choosing the item requires little time.)


Types of FMCGs

There are basically four types of FMCGs. These types include;

Convenience goods
Specialty goods
Shopping goods
Unsought goods


Convenience goods

These are products you buy with little to no effort hence the name convenience goods. They are equally easy to access.

Examples of these goods include food, cleaning supplies, toiletries, etc.


Specialty goods

These are products that consumers need little time to decide on purchasing.

This is mostly because such items are rare and highly different from other products.

Examples of specialty goods are sports cars, rare paintings, designer clothing, etc.


Shopping goods

These are the exact opposite of convenience goods, they are products you buy less frequently, and not everyone has access to them.

Examples of shopping products are furniture, electronics, etc.


Unsought goods

These are anything consumers would not necessarily want to buy or may not even know of.

A major feature of these products is that you can rarely enjoy their benefits at the time of purchase.



List of FMCG Companies in Nigeria

The following are the FMCG Companies operational in Nigeria:

Dangote Group

Dangote group is a popular FMCG company in Nigeria that produces a variety of products like sugar, flour, salt, pasta, etc.
Unilever Nigeria Plc

This FMCG Company sells popular products such as Vaseline, Royco, beverages, detergent, etc.


Nigerian Breweries

Nigeria’s largest beverage manufacturing company.


Nestle Nigeria Plc

One of the most trusted brands in existence; it produces beverages, confectionery, baby food, cereal, etc.


Chi limited

This multiproduct company produces juice, fruit drinks, snacks, etc.


Flour Mill (Nigeria)

This is the company that produces popular products like Golden Penny Flour.


Vital Products

This company produces non-alcoholic beverages, fruit juice, and tomato paste.


Sona Agro Allied Foods Limited

The company has not been around for a long time, but they have claimed a spot for themselves in the market with their biscuits, tomato pastes, etc


Dansa Foods Limited

Beverages and drinks manufacturing company


Yale

This company is famous for its different biscuits and wafers.


Beloxxi Group

This is another company that makes popular biscuits e.g. cream crackers


La Casera

A popular drink producing company


OK Foods

They make great quality biscuits, chocolates, and drinks.


Rites Food Ltd

They are popular for their sausage rolls and carbonate drinks


Honeyland Foods

They make health drinks.


PZ Cussons

This Company is a big name in the household industry.

Their bestselling products include Morning Fresh, Venus Robb, Baby Cussons, etc.


Friesland Campina Wamco Nigeria Plc

This is among the top dairy companies in Nigeria, and their bestselling products are Peak, Frisco, and Three Crowns.

We have an article that covered the food and beverage companies in Nigeria in detail.



Highest Paying FMCG Companies in Nigeria



Continue here to read more about the Highest Paying FMCG and more

Searching for food and beverage companies in Nigeria, Maybe for job application or knowledge sake?

It’s a good thing you’re here, as this post highlights the updated list of food and beverage companies in Nigeria.

Have a great read!


Introduction to Food and Beverage Companies in Nigeria

Beverage production in Nigeria has evolved from the local and often unhygienic venture it used to be to a sanitary, tech-driven operation.

Thanks to advancements in science, technology, and advanced marketing strategies, the Nigerian food and beverage industry has grown in production, sales, quality control, and advertisement – even for locally made beverages like Palm wine, Kunu, and Zobo.

One other thing that has undoubtedly grown over the years in the food and beverage industry is competition.

To stay at the top of the food chain, or even remain relevant, food and beverage companies in Nigeria have to create new flavors for their products, sign celebrities as ambassadors, improve their marketing strategies, and try to satisfy the needy population of customers.

It is not easy, but these companies have been doing a great job so far.

One can’t discuss the food and beverage manufacturing companies in Nigeria without mentioning the availability of raw materials.



Availability of Raw Materials

Many of these companies use locally available raw materials.

Others import their resources while some do both.

Either way, they use only top quality raw materials to give Nigerian and foreign customers the best edible products the market can offer.

Without wasting much time, let’s take a look at some of the top beverage and food companies in Nigeria.


List of top 10 food and beverage companies in Nigeria

There are so many food and beverage manufacturing companies in Nigeria.

However, we will provide you with a list and short notes on 10 of the best.


Dangote Foods

Dangote Group is a conglomerate, with Dangote Foods being one sector out of many.

Aliko Dangote founded it in 1981 as an enterprise for the importation and distribution of food items in Nigeria.

However, the company has grown to become the biggest company on the list of food and beverage manufacturing companies in Nigeria, and arguably in Africa.

The company is responsible for producing and distributing many food products such as;

Dangote Sugar
Dangote Flour
Dansa Juice
Dangote Noodles
The Dangote Salt, and
Dangote Spaghetti.

The company is one of Nigeria’s best food companies and deserves to be on every list of food and beverage companies in Nigeria and Africa.



Nestle

Nestle Nigeria is also at the top of the Nigerian food and beverage sector’s food chain.

Since its establishment in 1961, Nestle has sustained and improved its food diversity and quality up to this very moment.

In the past few years, their exploits rank them high on the top 100 companies in Nigeria.

Their products are everywhere in Nigeria, and there’s hardly anywhere you will go in the country where you won’t find a Nestle product.

Here’s a list of Nestle Nigeria products;

Breakfast Cereals: Uncle TOBYS Oats, UNCLE TOBYS Plus, MILO Cereal, and Cheerios.

Drinks: Milo, Nesquik, Malted Milk drink, Caro Extra, Hot Chocolate

They also produce coffee (NESCAFE), noodles, baking ingredients, cooking milk, and confectionery.


Cadbury Nigeria PLC

Cadbury Nigeria PLC is a food, sweets, and drink company with its headquarters in Lagos, Nigeria.

The company’s top product is Cadbury Bournvita, one of the country’s best beverages.

Cadbury, Nigeria, is also responsible for cocoa butter, liquor, cake, and other intermediate cocoa products.


Honeywell Foods

Honeywell Foods is a subsection of the Honeywell Group, a conglomerate that operates in various sectors such as telecommunications, infrastructure, food, and agriculture.

The company is responsible for producing a couple of food products such as;

Honeywell Superfine Flour
Honeywell Wheat Meal
The Honeywell Semolina
Honeywell Noodles
Honeywell Macaroni
The Honeywell Whole Wheat Meal
Honeywell Pasta
Honeywell Composite flour, and
The Honeywell Brown Flour.


DUFIL Prima Foods

If you’re talking about companies on the list of food and beverage companies in Lagos, Nigeria, DUFIL Prima foods come up top.

They are also ranked high in the list of food processing companies in Nigeria.

Established by the Tolaram Group and Salim Group, this elite food and beverage company has served the Nigerian market for over 18 years.

Their quality has been nothing but top-notch.

Indomie is their top product.

They have produced various flavors such as;

Indomie Chicken Pepper Soup Flavor
Indomie Oriental Fried Noodles Flavour
Onion Chicken, and
Relish Food Delight.

With Indomie as their top product, it is no argument that DUFIL Prima Foods is one of the most popular food manufacturing company in Nigeria.



Heineken H.V.

Continue here to read more about Heineken HV, other 10+ Food and Beverage Companies and all you need to know about the Food and Beverage Industry in Nigeria

Are you researching the commercial banks in Nigeria? This post covers all Nigerian commercial banks, their worth, websites, CEOs, and more.

Let’s get to it.

Commercial Banks in Nigeria – An Introduction

Commercial banks are probably the most common types of banks in Nigeria and other countries of the world.

Unlike investment banks in Nigeria, you can find commercial banks’ grand, beautiful buildings everywhere.

A large number of commercial banks in Nigeria signifies fierce competition for clients and those banks at the top of the list provide the best financial services and products.



Commercial Banks in Nigeria
Presently, there are 22 commercial banks fully licensed by the CBN and other necessary bodies, to conduct operations in Nigeria.

Some of these commercial banks are indigenous banks, while others are multinational companies that have set up business in the country.

Either way, all these banks are under supervision and regulation by the Central Bank of Nigeria.

The history of commercial banks in Nigeria can be traced to the first commercial bank in Nigeria, the First Bank of Nigeria.

It was founded in 1894 as Bank of British West Africa and it became a public company in 1970.

In 1971, it was listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange, and in 1979, it was renamed First Bank of Nigeria.

The establishment of First Bank opened the flood gates for many commercial banks in Nigeria.


List of Commercial Banks in Nigeria
There are numerous commercial banks in Nigeria.

Topmost amongst Nigerian commercial banks in no particular order include;


Access Bank
Access Bank Plc. is top of the list of current commercial banks in Nigeria.

It is one of the top 5 banks in Nigeria.

The bank operates across 3 continents, 12 nations, with over 600 office branches and service outlets, making it one of few Nigerian multinational companies.

It has over 28,000 people in its employ in various facilities in Nigeria.

Access Bank Plc. was established in 1989, and since its inception, the bank has provided top-notch banking services to all its 36 million customers.

It has been listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange since 1998.

Financial services offered by Access Bank include;

Personal Banking
Commercial Banking
Corporate and Investment Banking, and
Business Banking.
Like other major commercial banks in Nigeria, Access Bank has many subsidiaries.

Some of the Access Bank subsidiaries are;

Access Bank Ghana Plc.
The Access Bank UK Limited
Access Bank Rwanda
Access Bank Zambia
Marina Securities Limited, and many more.

The banking feats of Access Bank over the years have been recognized on several occasions, some of which include;

2019 World Finance Award “Best Mobile App in Nigeria”
“Outstanding Business Sustainability Achievement”
2018 Euromoney Private Banking Awards
“Best Commercial Banking Capabilities”
2018 CBN ‘Sustainable Bank of the Year’
“Sustainable Transaction of the Year (Oil & Gas)”
‘Sustainable Transaction of the Year (Power)’ and many more.
Thus far, Access Bank has not reneged on its promise to mainstream sustainable business practices into its operations and is one of the forerunners in smooth banking experience in Nigeria.

The Access bank’s core values are poised to launch the bank into the stars as one of the best banks internationally.

According to Financial Times, Access Bank Market Cap. Value is 280.60 B naira


Ecobank
Ecobank, officially, Ecobank Transnational Inc., is a regional commercial bank with operations and facilities in 36 African countries, including Nigeria.

It is one of the few foreign/international banks in Nigeria.

The bank currently operates a consolidated on-line, real-time branch network spread over 600 locations within the country.

It has its headquarters in Lome, Togo.

If one is asked to list 20 commercial banks in Nigeria, he/she wouldn’t miss Ecobank.

The bank was established in 1985 under a private sector initiative led by the Federation of West African Chambers of Commerce and Industry with the support of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).

The founders of Ecobank wanted to change the status quo of foreign and state-owned banks dominating the African banking sector, hence its creation.

The banking and financial services provided by Ecobank are;

Commercial Banking
Personal Banking,
Corporate Banking and
Investment Banking.
The mission and vision of Ecobank are to unite and strengthen modern pan-African banking and to play their part in the economic development of Africa.

Ecobank branches can be found in various geopolitical zones in Nigeria.

According to Financial Times, Eco Bank Market Cap. Value is 160.75 B naira.


Heritage Bank (HB)
Heritage bank is a Nigerian financial services company that performs all the basic functions of a commercial bank.

The bank was established in 2012, but its growth in the Nigerian banking sector is quite commendable.

The bank has its headquarters in Lagos, Nigeria – one of 127 branches across the country.

Heritage Bank also boasts of 202 automated banking centers and over 350 ATMs in Nigeria.

The bank quickly moved with the trend in tech by integrating internet and mobile banking into its operations to provide its clients with a seamless banking experience.

In addition to this, Heritage bank also provides its customers with various loan options such as;

Personal loans
Salary advance
Auto loans
CBN health sector loans, and
Agric. business loans.

This has posed great competition for some of the fintech companies in Nigeria offering loan services.

Heritage Bank is one of the top banks in Nigeria, and it would be a crime to exclude this young, but exquisite bank from our list.

It takes great pride in wealth creation, wealth management, and other financially-related services for its customers.

According to Yahoo Finance, Heritage Bank’s Market Cap. Value is 931.872 million naira.


First Bank of Nigeria (FBN)
First Bank of Nigeria is literally the First Bank in Nigeria.

1894 was the year that saw the bank initially established as Bank of British West Africa.

It became a public company in 1970.

By 1971, it was already listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange, and in 1979, it was renamed First Bank of Nigeria.

As one would expect, First Bank of Nigeria is a juggernaut in the Nigerian banking industry.

It played a major role in the growth and innovation of the Nigerian banking system, and will also be vital for the future of the system.

The brand boasts of over 17 million accounts, over 57,000 business outlets, and has issued over 10 million cards – the first bank to achieve such a feat.

First Bank has its footprints in Africa and Europe with subsidiaries such as;

FBN Bank in the Republic of Congo
FBN Bank (UK) Limited in;
London
Ghana
Paris
The Gambia
Senegal
Sierra-Leone
Guinea, as well as
A Representative Office in Beijing, China.
First Bank of Nigeria has an undisputed pedigree in Nigeria and is one of the best banks in the country.

According to Market Screener, FBN’s Market Cap. Value is 273 B naira.


Polaris Bank

Continue reading here for more on Polaris Bank and other commercial banks in Nigeria.

Are you job searching for the most lucrative jobs in Lagos State, Nigeria?

Do you want to know the highest paying jobs in Nigeria and their salaries?

You’re in the right place as this article discusses the most lucrative jobs in Lagos State and Nigeria as a whole.

Have a good read.



Most Lucrative Jobs in Lagos State, Nigeria

Lagos State is the business hub of Nigeria.

Almost every big-time local and multinational companies in Nigeria has at least one facility in the state, and this makes it an incredibly rich source of job opportunities.

Related: The Richest State in Nigeria; Top 10

Related: The Most Developed State in Nigeria; Top 10 Most Developed States

There are tons of jobs in Lagos, and you can see them at various locations in the state.

But to survive and live comfortably in Lagos and Nigeria in general, you cannot afford to go for just any job.

Why?

Because there are jobs that pay 10,000 Naira or less monthly, and there are jobs that pay 1 million Naira or more.

Which one do you prefer?

The most lucrative jobs in Lagos State often require a high amount of skill, experience, intelligence, knowledge, and certain individual disciplines.

Without these criteria in place, it is almost impossible to get a lucrative job in Lagos, not to talk of being successful at it.

The best professions in Nigeria are often graded on their payment structures, and why not?

Everyone needs money to survive and we’ll be discussing some of the best paying jobs in Lagos State, Nigeria.



Most Lucrative Jobs in Lagos State, Nigeria (in no particular order)

Software Developer
A software developer is someone who designs, develops, and tests software based on personal and professional analysis of user’s needs or expectations.

They design applications, systems, or computer programs from scratch to suit certain specifications and requirements.

In Nigeria, software developers can work for a range of places such as fintech companies, banks in Nigeria, mobile money companies, restaurants, business industries, and many more.

The annual average salary for a software developer in Nigeria is ₦2,400,000, which is about 200,000 naira per month.

Remember that this is an average figure.

The actual figures may be higher or lower.

The role of a software developer is a good-paying job in Lagos, and there are many companies and agencies in search of professionals to fill the role.

This is why it made out list of most lucrative jobs in Lagos.



Chartered Accountant
A chartered accountant is a finance-oriented professional that engages in practices such as auditing, business recovery, forensic accounting, management of financial systems and budget, providing financial advice, corporate finance and many more.

They can work in a wide range of public and private industries including commercial and investment banks, the Central Bank of Nigeria, etc.

There’s a growing amount of companies in Lagos State, so there are surely various Chartered Accountant vacancies to fill.

Chartered Accountants earn an average of about ₦3.75 million annually, which is about ₦313,000 per month.

This figure justifies being on our list of most lucrative hobs in Lagos.

Remember that this is only an average figure, as you may find some of these professionals in Nigeria that earn above or below it.


Ethical Hacker
Cybersecurity salary is on a high, and ethical hackers are proof of that.

Hackers are often thought of as experts that infiltrate organizations or businesses to do harm or extract unauthorized information.

However, there are some good hackers, and they’re known as ethical hackers.

Ethical hackers, also known as white hat hackers hack into systems, devices, and firewalls to access their strength against real threats and find ways to fix them.

This is known as penetration testing or pen-testing.

Ethical hackers are often hired by various companies to test the limits of their online security systems.

Ethical hackers can work for almost any company or individual in need of tight online security measures.

The amazing thing about being an ethical hacker is that it is one of the best future careers in Nigeria since the world is undergoing a massive digitalization phase.

Nigerian and foreign companies will require the services of ethical hackers a lot in the future.

Averagely, ethical hackers’ salary in Nigeria is about ₦3.36 million per year – about ₦280,000 monthly which puts them on the most lucrative jobs in Lagos list

However, some may earn up to ₦13 million per year based on their skills, level of experience, and type of pen testing gig.


Aeronautical Engineer

Continue Reading to find out about Aeronautical Engineers and 9 other Most Lucrative Jobs.

Grasscutter Farming; A Complete Guide on How to Start Grasscutter Farming in Nigeria


Are you searching for information on how to start a grasscutter farming venture in Nigeria? Then you’re in the perfect spot as this grasscutter farming guide will teach you everything you need to know about grasscutter farming techniques in Nigeria.

Have a good read.


Grasscutter Farming – An Introduction

Animal farming has always been an important aspect of the Nigerian agricultural sector.

Over the years, we experienced the rearing of farm animals like cattle, sheep, goats, rabbits, poultry, and the likes.



But one animal whose rearing hasn’t gained as much popularity as it should is the grasscutter.

Commercial grasscutter farming in Nigeria is a highly lucrative business, and you might want to look into it if you want to be unique in the world of animal rearing.

Read on if you want to find out more about grasscutters and how to start grasscutter farming in Nigeria.


Related Cucumber Farming in Nigeria; Complete Guide on How to Start (2021)


Grasscutters
The Greater Cane Rat (Thryonomys swinderianus), popularly known as Grasscutter is a wild herbivore generally found in the riverbeds and swamps of sub-Saharan Africa.

In size, they are second only to Porcupines in the rodent family.

However, they do not possess long pointy spikes like their immediate cousins.

Species of Grasscutters are captured and reared mainly for their meat, which is highly-stacked with protein, therefore making it of great economic value.

Grasscutter in Yoruba is known as “Oya”.

Grass cutter animals proliferate in large numbers and very quickly too.

A mature female Grasscutter has a gestation period of 140 – 150 days (5 months or approximately 22 weeks).



They may deliver two times annually, giving birth to an average of four to seven offspring each time, and in some cases, up to ten.

In other words, a single mature female grasscutter can produce between 4 to 20 offspring in a year.

Since it can be quite difficult to capture these animals, rearing them in domestication is the better option to access their meat.


Facts You Should Know about Grasscutters
Their limbs, fur, tails, and skin can detach easily, making it difficult to capture and handle them
Grasscutters are quick runners and swimmers
They live above ground and are nocturnal in nature
Grasscutter fur color ranges from a mixture of brown-reddish and gray hairs that vary depending on its habitat, depending on their habitat.
These rodents can live up to 4 years in captivity.
They have relatively poor vision. However, they possess impressive hearing and a great sense of smell.
They are important pests of cane fields – hence the name Cane Rats in some regions. They are also known to mainly feed on grasses.
A fully mature female grasscutter may weigh up to 3.5 kg, while a fully mature male may weigh up to 4.5kg.
The Suckling period for baby grasscutters is 40 days (6 weeks) before weaning
Grass cutters live in colonies. A grasscutter colony in captivity consists of one male and three to four females. In the wild, a single male can service up to ten female grasscutters.
Two males cannot co-exist in one colony, so never put two male grasscutters in a single colony.
The presence of a male grasscutter triggers the ovulation periods of the females.

How to Start Grasscutter Rearing in Nigeria
Grasscutter farming/rearing in Nigeria is steadily becoming a lucrative animal farming option in the country and Africa as a whole.

Grasscutter farming in Ghana is also quite lucrative.

This is due to the great taste of grasscutter meat and its rarity in the market.

Grasscutter and rabbit farming have some similar principles, but they are not the same.

Grasscutter rearing is more popular in rural areas because of the availability of grasscutters in the region.

Moreover, businesses operating in the urban regions are mostly big-time companies and white-collar establishments.





In this article, you will learn some of the best grasscutter farming and management practices in Nigeria.

By the time you’re done reading this article, you will have learned all about grasscutter farming in Nigeria.

Think of it as a free grasscutter farming manual for beginners.

Note that you may need to hire or seek advice from a grasscutter farming expert for some practical aspects of this venture.


Advantages of Rearing Grasscutter in Nigeria

Requires Little Capital to Start
Compared to rearing other animals like goats, cattle, pigs, sheep, and even chickens, kickstarting a grasscutter rearing business in Nigeria requires only a little capital to start.

You can begin your grasscutter rearing journey with as low as 50,000 Naira, and you can upscale with time.

High Market Demand
Grasscutter meat, also known as bushmeat is widely eaten by many Nigerians and Africans. Its meat is one of a kind, and many people crave to have a taste.

However, grasscutters are not as common as other sources of meat like chicken, pig, and cattle, which makes their meat rare in the market. This rarity makes grasscutter meat of high demand in the market.

Relatively Cheap to Maintain
After purchasing your grasscutters, you don’t need to break the bank to keep or maintain them.

If you’re starting with one colony (one male and three to four females), you will only need to construct a small pen which won’t cost much.

Also, you can feed them with grasses and other relatively cheap supplements.


Combines Well with Crop Farming
Since grasscutters will eat grasses and other crops like rice, corn, millet, and so on, you can easily combine it with crop farming.

Instead of having to buy or source for feed for these animals, you can just take some of the proceeds of your crop farm and feed it to them.

This will also help in minimizing losses when you cannot store excess harvests and would’ve otherwise sold at cheap prices.

No Taboo
Everyone eats grasscutter meat.

There are no known religious or tribal constraints on the consumption of grasscutter meat in Nigeria, unlike other meat products like pork and even beef.

This widens the customer base for grasscutter meat.

Grasscutters are Relatively Clean Animals
Compared to other animals, grasscutters are clean animals. They do not urinate or excrete a lot, and grasscutter cages aren’t usually overwhelmed with foul smells. This means you can keep them close to the house to properly monitor them without being scared of horrid odors.


Feasibility Study for Grasscutter Farming in Nigeria
Formulating a business plan and conducting a feasibility study will put you on the right path in your grasscutter farming journey.

You have to consider all the key elements that control the dynamics of running a successful grasscutter farm by looking into past data and learning from established grasscutter farmers in Nigeria.

This step will help you prepare for possible threats and challenges, and other things like market value, and how to sell your grasscutters to make profits when they become mature.

So, conduct a grasscutter feasibility study and draft a business plan before starting any grasscutter farming procedure.

Note: It is advisable to start with one or two grasscutter colonies. This will help you understand the venture and learn from the experience at little or no risk. You can upscale as time goes on.


Grasscutter Housing
The best way of rearing grasscutters is in an intensive care system.

You cannot leave grasscutters to wander as you could do for cattle, sheep, goats, and chickens.

The method of housing could either be a cage or a specially-designed shed.

Grasscutters in captivity can be sensitive to certain environmental conditions, which can negatively affect their growth.

This is why their housing/habitat must be constructed according to certain specifications.


Specifications for Grasscutter Housing
For sheds:
Properly roofed pens with wire hutches
Proper aeration and lightening
The length of the shed should be 1.5 m tall, with the upper half covered with chicken wire.
Close proximity to a clean water source
Easily accessible
Far from noise and thick bushes
Materials for the shed can be straw, bamboo, or bricks. The roof can be made up straw, corrugated iron, or any other water-proof material.
The size of the building is dependent on the number of grass-cutters to be reared and production objectives. To put this in perspective, here’s an example:

The space required for a colony of reproductive grasscutters comprising one adult male and four females is 1.6m to 2 m.

For cages/pens:
Grasscutter farming cages represent a more conservative housing system for grasscutters.

In this case, the grasscutters live in pens constructed inside the shed.



The farmer’s production objectives will determine the number of pens.

The recommended protocol is to have one breeding female per pen.

The recommended surface area per mature grasscutter in the pen is 0.2 m2.

You can construct different pens for different purposes and stages of grasscutter growth.

For example:

A pen for mating
A pen for adults
Pen for giving birth and feeding the young
A pen for fattening young grasscutters
Metal or concrete are the preferred materials to construct grasscutter rearing pens.

However, note that metal pens will be moveable, while concrete pens will be fixed and therefore, immovable.

It is advisable not to use bamboo and straw as Grasscutters can eat through them and escape into the wild.

Also make sure that there is enough room for grasscutters to move from one pen to another.

Types of Grasscutter Pens
In addition, there can be two types of grasscutter pens;

Open Pen:

This describes a type of pen without any roof above it.

Specifications for construction include a surface area of 3m2 and a height of 1.5m.

Open pens also come with an opening on the side that leads to the aisle, thereby creating easy access to the grasscutters for the farmer.


Closed Pen

In contrast to an open pen, a closed pen will have a roof over it and it will be divided into various compartments.

Specifications for construction include a surface area between 2 and 3m2 and a wall height of 0.8 m.

Note: Pens with two compartments should have the same surface area specifications. The compartments should be separated with partitions, with a 15 cm opening to allow the grasscutters to move from one compartment to another.

Grasscutter Breeding

Continue here to read about Grasscutter Breeading, Feeding, Diseases, Treatment, Handling, Sale, FAQs and More.

A Background to Fintech Companies in Nigeria.

The fintech industry is a crossbreed of two important industries – the financial and technological industries. The industry has advanced rapidly following technological innovations and has made life and managing finance easier.

Fueled by the internet of things, big data, and global digitalization, the industry, in the last decade, has grown by over 100x.

It has experienced a growth from $1.8 billion in 2010 to $19 billion in 2015.

The size of the industry globally is valued at $127.66 billion and it is expected to grow to $309.98 billion by 2022 – an annual average growth of 24%.

Looking to finance that important project? A fintech can help.

Looking to save or invest money? A fintech company can help.



Looking to make payments, transfer money, or withdraw money in Nigeria? There is a Nigerian fintech company to make it easy.

All these and many more are some of the benefits of fintech companies in Nigeria and across the world.

The question you probably have in mind is, ‘What is a fintech company?’


What is A Fintech Company?
According to Investopedia, ‘Financial Technology (Fintech) is used to describe new technology that seeks to improve and automate financial services delivery and use.

Fintechs are used to help companies, business owners and individuals better manage their financial operations, processes, and lives using specialized software and algorithms used in computers and smartphones.

Over the years, fintech has advanced from being owned and run by established financial institutions, to be a more consumer-oriented services provider.

Thus, fintechs are no longer always a branch of established financial institutions.

There are now standalone fintechs that provide core fintech services.

Traditional commercial banks in Nigeria have followed the trend, adapting and innovating to guarantee their survival in an industry filled with robust fintech startups and digital banks.

The investment banks in Nigeria are inclusive as the sector has become a survival of the fittest and investors and venture capitalists are pouring in lots of funds into the industry.

The fintech industry now includes different sectors like retail banking, fundraising, education, nonprofit, investment management, crypto banking, and lots of others.

Fintech now has applications in diverse other industries.

Coming down, both old and new Fintech companies in Nigeria aim to improve financial procedures and increase industry automation of financial processes.

The country has seen rapid growth in the industry which is simultaneous to technological advances in the financial sector.


History and Evolution of Fintech in Nigeria
Fintech industry growth in Nigeria, just likely globally, has been on a continuous rise. There has been a steady influx of fintech startups in Nigeria, with each looking to offer better services and outdo existing ones.

These financial technology companies in Nigeria have made things easy for everyone has worked towards extending the financial sector to other industries.



For the purpose of this article, we will divide the history of fintech in Nigeria into three sections;
- Fintech Past
- Fintech present and
- The future of fintech in Nigeria.

Historically, the advent of the Nigerian fintech industry started when some Nigerian banks start to leverage technology to make banking easier; from telephone to computer and in recent times, ATMs.

This evolution can be traced to post-1986 following the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) era which tightened things and triggered heightened banking sector competition.

Following that was the launching of the Payment Systems Vision 2020 (PSV 2020) in 2007.

This move by the CBN was the birth of another era in the Fintech industry. This is because it was the first time the banking regulatory body set a policy geared towards achieving a cashless society.

Since then, there has been a steady influx of fintech companies in Nigeria with each one developing an entirely different idea.

This has led to the country having an estimate of over 200-250 fintech companies and operators operational in the country.

There are now several fintech startups and companies in Nigeria with each offering its unique selling points and making banking and financing seamless.



Categories of Fintech Companies in Nigeria
Fintech companies cut across different industries and offer services that are beneficial in diverse ways.

The industry has different sub-sectors ranging from banking to insurance, investments, crowdfunding, money transfers, agritech, cryptocurrency, etc.

Comprehensively, some categories of fintech companies in Nigeria include;

- Payments
- Exchange
- Research and Development
- Online Banking
- Digital money
- Investments
- Agritech
- Blockchain and Cryptocurrency
- Crowdfunding
- Regulation of Fintech Companies in Nigeria
- Undeniably, such an industry involving lots of funds can’t operate without a regulatory body.

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) regulates fintech companies in Nigeria.



As a measure of managing risks, the CBN places a financial barrier for every fintech startup in Nigeria to have a minimum of $275,000 before entry into the market.

This is to ensure funds are secure and operators are credible.


List of Top Fintech Companies in Nigeria
We have been able to discuss the background, categories, history, and regulations of Nigerian fintech companies, we will now proceed with the top fintech companies in Nigeria.

These companies are top fintech startups in Nigeria that have enhanced financial services accessibility, promoted financial inclusion, and enabled seamless payment processes.

It is worthy to note that as of 2018, 3 fin-tech companies in Nigerian – Paystack, Paga, and Branch – were among the list of the world’s fastest-growing fintech startups.

In 2020, Paystack was later acquired by global fintech giants, Stripe, for a reported $200+ million in what was termed the biggest fintech acquisition in Nigeria’s history.



Below are the top fintech companies in Nigeria in 2021

(1) PayStack
PayStack is a fintech payment solution and is undeniably the top fintech company in Nigeria. The tech company is leading and has been ever-growing since its launching.

In 2020, Stripe, a global fintech giant, acquired the company, putting it on the list of top companies in Nigeria.

According to PayStack, ‘Building a business is hard, getting paid shouldn’t be.’

These are the words of the tech company and they live up to them. PayStack helps businesses accept payments across Africa.

You can receive payments via invoices and creating payment pages using the online payment gateway.

The company was founded in 2015 and has grown to be amongst the top tech companies in Nigeria playing in the fintech sector.

It is one of the top financial service providers in Nigeria, the first tech company in Nigeria to enter into Silicon Valley’s Y combinatory program, and is also among the 2 Nigerian companies on the list of the world’s top 250 fintech companies.

The company has over 17,000 businesses using its services including MTN, Betway, Domino Pizza, and lots of others. They are one of the top tech companies in Lagos and have offices in Nigeria and beyond.

They have offices in Lagos Nigeria, Sandton South Africa, Accra Ghana, and San Francisco United States.

PayStack Offices
126 Joel Ogunnaike Street, Ikeja GRA, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.

201 Spear Street, Suite 1100, PMB 3228, San Francisco, CA 94105.

45 Kingfisher Dr, Fourways Sandton, 2055, South Africa.

Community Spaces, Nikoi St, East Legon, Accra, Ghana.


PayStack CEO
The CEO of PayStack is Shola Akinlade. He is also the co-founder together with his longtime friend, Ezra Olubi who is the company’s Chief Technology Officer (CTO).


(2) Flutterwave
Flutterwave is one of the fintech companies that must be on all lists of fintech companies in Nigeria. Any list that doesn’t have the company is incomplete.

The company is one of the top payment platforms in Nigeria and was started by Andela co-founder, Iyin Aboyeji and Olugbenga Agboola in 2016.

The fintech company provides a payment service for global merchants and payment service providers. It provides infrastructure, technology, and services to enable global merchants, payment service providers, banks, and businesses to build secure smooth payment solutions for their customers. This, in so doing, makes the exchange of funds seamless.

The company’s headquarters is in San Francisco, California and some of its investors include Andela, Visa, Grey Croft, and eVentures, and several others.

It is worthy to note that Flutterwave is amongst the top fintech companies in Nigeria that help enterprises in Africa go global by making the exchange of funds possible in 150+ monetary standards.

Flutterwave Offices
8, Providence Street, Lekki Phase One, Lagos, Nigeria.

1323, Columbus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94133, USA

Flutterwave CEO
The CEO is Flutterwave is Olugbenga Agboola. He is also a co-founder and has been the CEO since 2018.


(3) Paga
Paga Launched in Nigeria provides financial services for African residents and at the same time tap into the buildup of cash in the Nigerian financial industry.

It is no news that the Nigerian banking sector can be difficult to access all over Nigeria. Platforms like Paga make cash access easier and smoother for everyone.

Their mission is to make it simple and easy for persons to access and use money by providing the public with a smooth and stress-free money transfer experience.

Paga is a leading payment and mobile money business in Nigeria.

With the fintech company, you can pay bills, make bank deposits and withdrawals, purchase prepaid phone credit, pay utility and cable bills, make payments to retailers, and even pay in certain online stores.

It is impossible for the company not to make any list of 10 or 15 top fintech companies in Nigeria as they have over 9 million customers and 17,000 agents.

They claim to have been the first mobile payment company in Nigeria to achieve the one million user milestone.

Paga Office Locations
Lagos Office (Head Office)
176, Herbert Macaulay Way, 3rd Floor, Yaba, Lagos Mainland, Lagos State

Ibadan Office
90/91 Choice plaza, Challenge, Ibadan, Oyo State

Abuja Office
Plot 340, No 40, Krystal Lounge, Aminu Kano crescent, Opposite Union Bank, Wuse 2, Abuja

Ilorin Office
119A Ibrahim Taiwo road, Beside Access Bank, Ilorin, Kwara State

Port-Harcourt Office
27, stadium road, Opposite the Atrium Event Centre, Port Harcourt, River State

Paga CEO
The CEO of Paga is Tayo Oviosu.
He is also a co-founder together with Jay Alabraba and they founded the company in 2009.

(4) E-Tranzact

Read more about E-Transact, other 35 fintech companies and more here https://informationtoknow.com/fintech-companies-in-nigeria/

Are you wondering states that pay corpers state allowance?

This post discusses some great states that you should fill while selecting states for NYSC.

Let’s get to the point!


States That Pay Corpers State Allowance – An Introduction

There always comes that time when the just-graduated will have to fill in the four states they’d prefer to spend their NYSC service year.

Most times, you’ll have to choose the states based on the geopolitical zones in Nigeria.

Is it your turn, or are you just browsing around?

Without a doubt, security should be the first criteria you consider.

After that, distance to your home state, job opportunities, cost of living, and other relevant factors, amongst which is state allowance can come in.

When it comes to the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC), there are always the best States to serve.

This article shall look at the top 21 states that pay corpers state allowance and how much they pay.


Top 21 States That Pay Corpers State Allowance


1. LAGOS STATE

Topping the list of states that pay corpers state allowance is Lagos State, the commercial capital of Nigeria.

Regarding security, Lagos is one of the safest places for a corps member in Nigeria.

For most corps members, Lagos state is the best state for NYSC in Nigeria, mostly because of the several multinational companies in Lagos.

Sadly, it is too competitive, and getting posted to Lagos is more luck than choice.

The Lagos state government pays corps members in ministries the sum of N10,000/Month while Corp Members in Local Government Offices are paid N5,000 monthly.

A Corp member in Lagos earns an average of N30,000 per month at their place of primary assignment.

The State has a lot of opportunities that Corpers can enjoy.

In Lagos, you can find fintech companies, FMCG companies, food and beverage companies, the best Nigerian hospitals, and a whole lot of other opportunities.

Also, the standard of living in Lagos state is on average, and the state welcomes everyone.

Besides, there are numerous places of attraction in Lagos State to give you a fun time.


2. AKWA IBOM STATE

This is one State in Nigeria that many people desire to do their NYSC in.

If you serve in the state, you will definitely fall in love with the place.

For a while, Akwa Ibom State has been paying an additional stipend to corps members on the day they’re to pass out from the camp.

According to the government, it’s to help them go to their various PPAs before their service year officially begins.

Akwa Ibom is as safe as a safe house.

Also, feeding is cheap in all parts of Akwa Ibom.

Transportation cost is also affordable, housing cost is reasonable, and the lifestyle is great.

If you’re asking yourself, “How much does Akwa Ibom pay corpers?” your answer is here.

The state government allowance for corpers in Akwa Ibom is ₦5,000 monthly flat rate.

However, some professional courses receive higher than others.

There are also various companies that pay corpers in Akwa Ibom State, and they pay well.

Being one of the oil-producing states and being located in the Niger Delta Area, Akwa Ibom is ideal for persons with courses related to the petroleum industry.

Clearly, they aren’t wrong when they claim to be the most developed state in Nigeria after Abuja and Lagos.

If you’re considering serving in “AK” as it is sometimes called, you won’t regret it.


3. ANAMBRA STATE

The third state on this list is Anambra state.

The Anambra government pays corps members the amount of continue reading here https://informationtoknow.com/states-that-pay-corpers-state-allowance/

Before going into the shocking discovery of the most translated website in the world, let’s take a quick look at what is meant by “most translated website.”


Introduction to Website Translation

There are thousands of languages in the world today, and a single individual can’t learn to speak, read, or understand all of them.

No genius could pull that off.

Only 3% of the world’s population are polyglots (individuals vast in 5 languages or more) and only 13% of the global population speaks, understands, or reads English – the most common language in the world.

This language barrier has proven to be a major problem in communication, especially on websites.

Websites are mostly relevant when people who visit them can understand their content.

So if someone who doesn’t understand English, but understands Spanish, visits an English website without Spanish translation, he/she would exit the website faster than one can say, Arnold Schwarzenegger.

This is where website translation comes in.


What is Website Translation?

Website translation is the process of converting the original language of a website to other languages to make it relatable and accessible by a global audience.

Website translation provides a better language experience for its visitors and optimizes the ranking and essence of any website.

This means the most translated website in the world has to be one that its content has been translated into most languages.



The Most Translated Website in the World

What is the most translated website in the world?

Or, what is the most translated website on the internet?

Wikipedia?

CNN?

BBC?

Or is it a big-time social media platform like Twitter, Facebook, or Instagram?

Well, sorry to break it to you, but these options don’t even come close.

www.Jw.org, the official website of Jehovah’s Witnesses is the most translated website in the world.

Shocking right?

The website is translated into over 1,000 languages and 100 sign languages – this includes visual, audio, and written content.

These languages include not only well-spoken languages like

French,

Spanish, and

Mandarin, but rare languages like

Acadian, Acholi, different variations of Chin, Papel, Quiche, Mano, Meru, Mansi, Nama, Otetela, Abaknon, Haitian Creole, Dogon, and thousands more.

The sign language feature makes it possible for the deaf or hearing-impaired to understand their content.

Let me put this into perspective for you to understand just how massive this is:

Apple’s website is translated in only 130 languages, Wikipedia, into only a little above 300 languages, and Google in about 150 languages. (as of 2020)

Combine all these three and multiply them by two, and they would still not make up the number of translated languages on http://Jw.org



You can read more here on https://informationtoknow.com/most-translated-website-world/

More include;

What is Website Translation?
The Most Translated Website in the World
History of Jehovah’s Witnesses Translation
What does JW Mean?
What is the Most Widely Translated Website in the World?
What is the 2nd Most Translated Website in the World?
Is JW.org the Most Visited Website?
How Many Languages is the Bible in on JW.org?
What is the Most Visited Religious Website?
What Language do Jehovah’s Witnesses Speak?
How Many Languages are Jehovah’s Witnesses Preaching in?
Where is the World Headquarters of the Jehovah’s Witnesses?
What are Some Facts about Jehovah’s Witnesses?

Looking to hire business writing services for your business website or blog? This post highlights everything you need to know if you wish to hire the most skilled business writers.

Business Writing Services; How to Hire Skilled Business Writers
As a business website or blog owner, you need to have content marketing in mind to grow your business online.

You might tell yourself, ‘It’s just content writing,’ let me do it myself.

I advise you to have a rethink.

Content writing goes deeper than tapping away on a PC or scribbling on paper. This is why content writers have specializations – specific types of content writing that they do.

Why?

Because specialization is key to delivering effectively.

There are different types of content writing, and you might want to adopt business content writing if you wish to stay ahead of your competitors.

The questions are;

Are you a business copywriter?
Do you have what it takes to write like a business content writer?
While you’re pondering on that, I have a tip for you – Hire a professional business writer to help you with content for your business.

There are several reasons to hire a professional business copywriting service and trust me, it’s worth it.

Business writing services are copywriting services delivered by skilled business writers to communicate your business message in a clear, substantive, correct, and easy to read way.

It involves a business writer delivering content that will benefit your brand, improve brand awareness, build brand reputation, and, most of all, increase your products and services sales.

This article gives an in-depth view of what business writing services entail and how you can hire the best business writing services online for your business.

Before diving into the topic, I’ll highlight a little on the idea of a writing agency and hiring a copywriting agency.

What is a Writing Agency?
A writing agency is an organization or group of diverse writers who provide content writing services to help business owners grow their business. A content writing agency does not just produce content just for meeting the word count; they leverage their SEO and digital marketing foundation to help their clients meet their content marketing goals.

At Positive Equator, there are writers specialized in different types of content writing with one goal – To help you grow your business.

Writing agencies and freelance content writers make it easy for you to get a writer when you need one. If you can locate a business writer near you, all you need to do is give your business details, and they will handle the rest.

Gone are the days when clients get a headache on how to get a content writer and what to pay their content writer. With the right guidelines, it’s easy to hire a copywriter for your business or blog.

What is business writing?

Since the article’s focus is business writing services, it is only right that you understand what business writing means.

As the name implies, business writing focuses on pushing brands up and placing them higher than their competitors, using copywriting.

It includes writing marketing materials that will help a business gain a competitive edge and grow fast.

As a business owner, you understand that you need a powerful copy when putting out your products or services. It could be across social media platforms, on your website, or even when using a broadcast medium such as radio and television.

No matter the marketing channel you decide to use, marketing your business requires a striking copy, which can only be possible when you leverage business writing.

There are several writers out there, but not every writer engages in business writing. Some people may be top-notch writers but do not meet the cut of business writing.

It does not make them any less of a writer but only shows that business writing is not their forte.

Whether your business is a B2B business or a B2C business, you need expert business copywriters to pass your message and make sales effectively.

What is B2B Writing?
B2B means Business 2 Business, and B2B writing means writing marketing copies for a B2B business.

You may have heard of b2b content writing before, or it may be your first time. Either way, you should not confuse them as it is the same with business writing. It’s just an aspect of business writing adopted by businesses that offer products and services to other businesses.

A b2b writer understands that it is his/her job to enhance sales of the brand’s products and services through their copies.

In b2b writing, copywriters are conscious that they do not sound overly serious and salesy because no client likes being sold to.

A balance is expected between entertainment and the message’s aim and between being salesy and passing an unharmful message.

B2B writers employ different strategies in developing the best content for a brand – a complete business copy that will generate sales.



Fast Tip

Take on a conversational tone when doing b2b writing. It is more relaxing and helps your audience relate better with the product. You must also be conscious of particular words you use and be sure to steer clear of grammatical errors as it could lead to the loss of customers.

What are the Types of Business Writing
As much as the idea of business writing centers on boosting a company’s sales, it has some subgroups that would help you understand the concept better.

When mentioning that there are types of business writing, the first thing that comes to mind is the persuasive form because it is the one that triggers the buying emotions in customers.

However, there are other types of business writing, including;

[center]Persuasive business writing
Informative business writing
Transactional business writing, and
instructional business writing.[/center]


Persuasive Business Writing
This is the most common form of business writing, and it is where many business writers concentrate.

Every business owner wishes to surpass its competitors in sales, so they adopt this persuasive business writing to help them get more sales.

Email marketers and Advertising writers, for instance, use this form of business writing to convert customers.

Asides from emails and Ads, some messages that brands put out on their socials are also the persuasive style of business writing. It is usually not about the length of the copy but more about the message’s power.

It may be three lines, but it should be powerful enough to convert customers.

Furthermore, many business owners will agree that they cannot do without sending out proposals and pitches for collaborations and investments.

This is an essential part of boosting a brand, and you need a compelling message for people to agree to work with you.

Persuasive business writing plays a vital role in helping you achieve this.

If you can’t handle these, you might want to hire a persuasive online business copywriter to help you with engaging and compelling content that converts.

Informative Business Writing
Business writing is not all about sales.

Although customers are essential and play a vital role in the growth of a brand, there are many internal factors to manage to ensure a business’s continuity.

One cannot deny that the management of any organization plays an essential role in how things run. Informative business writing comes to play when you want to send out memos and reports between your organization’s departments.

The fact that you are communicating in-house doesn’t mean that you should be overly casual. It is best practice to keep it professional when you are within the cooperate environment.

If your superior asks for reports, you need to employ business writing to communicate the information the right way.

If you take minutes at corporate meetings, you should also have the necessary business writing skills to help you prepare excellent minutes.

You sure don’t want to come off as incompetent to your superiors and colleagues.

Sure, you’re a business person or corporate professional and might not have the copywriting expertise or even time to handle the writings.

There are always skilled freelance business writers for hire that you can hire to help you achieve your goal.

Transactional Business Writing
When you think of the word transactional, you know that you are dealing with business transactions.

In this case, you’re not persuading customers for sales.

Instead, it is a situation of finalizing whatever sales transactions that occurred.

It could be that there was a business deal between your organization and another, and you need to send out an email to all parties involved to ensure that they are up-to-date.

Transactional business writing comes to play in this case.

You need to be formal in your email and pay great attention to details. You sure don’t want to cost your organization a good deal.

It could also be that an individual or persons bought a product, and you need to issue a receipt or invoice.

Writing essential information on the invoice or receipt involves transactional business writing.

For every situation in a business organization, there is a writing style it has to belong to.

It would not be wrong for you to add a form of appreciation during transactional business writing to prompt the other party to make a return purchase.

These little acts matter a lot in businesses.

If you don’t possess the necessary transactional business writing skills, you can leverage experienced b2c or b2b writing services to help you solve your problems.

Instructional Business Writing
You will notice that many products come with a manual. This is because it is essential to show customers how to use your product.

It will help if you understand that some customers focus on the benefit of a product and do not bother about the usage. They purchase an item once it meets the problem they wish to solve.

Will they use it correctly?

Sometimes, it may be that they have to apply it to one area, but they might end up applying it everywhere, causing more harm than good.

Thus, it is always essential to have a manual or guide following your products.

Using electronic gadgets as a case study, you will understand instructional business writing.

When you look at the style of writing in the electronics’ manual, you will see that any difficulty you might have had in handling the product is taken care of in the manual.

The customer needs to feel that you care about meeting their need and aiding them through the manual.

Thus, product manuals shouldn’t be written in a casual style.

If you list your product on Amazon or other online stores and marketplaces, you need to highlight the specifications so that buyers can understand what they are buying.

This involves instructional business writing.

If you wish to indulge in instructional business writing, you should hire someone offering technical writing services.

Technical writers are in the best place to execute this writing style.



Hiring Skilled Business Writers
Every business will have to hire a content writer or copywriter who can handle their publications and other activities involving content writing and marketing.

However, hiring a good and skilled business writer and knowing how much to pay your content writer is always challenging.

To hire experienced business writing services for your business, you should either get a corporate writer or a freelance business writer.

Alternatively, Read more here https://www.positiveequator.com/business-writing-services-hire-skilled-business-writers/

For

Hiring Skilled Business Writers
Tips on How to Hire the Best Skilled Business Writers
Tips to help you get a suitable business content writer
Some Places where you can Hire a Skilled Business Content Writer and
More

https://www.positiveequator.com/business-writing-services-hire-skilled-business-writers/

Searching for information about investment banks in Nigeria? You’re at the right place, as this post covers everything you need to know about investment banking in Nigeria.

Investment Banking in Nigeria – An Introduction

An investment bank is a financial institution that functions as a third-party intermediary in transactions for individuals, corporate institutions, and the government.

These types of transactions are often complex and heavy, hence the need for a service that can help ease the process.

In simpler terms, investment banks serve as the link between investors and financial markets.

They also exist to offer financial advice and procure financing for their clients.

Investment Banks in Nigeria are no different.

Nigerian investment banks help generate funding for major development projects such as Agriculture, Oil and Gas, Construction, Industrialization, Infrastructure, and so on.

They play essential roles in sustaining the economy, work with IT firms in Nigeria, and drive the development of the nation.

In fact, many of these investment banks rank as some of the top 10 banks in Nigeria.
List of Top Investment Banks in Nigeria

In no particular order, here’s a list of the names of the best investment banks in Nigeria:

Zenith Bank
Vetiva Capital Management
Standard Chartered Bank
Stanbic IBTC Capital Limited
Renaissance Capital Bank
Afrinvest Limited
GTI Group


Let's discuss these banks in details.

Zenith Bank

Zenith Bank is a licensed institution that offers financial services to clients in Nigeria and West Anglophone Africa.

It is one of the top banks in Nigeria and provides an elite investment banking platform for customers.

Their investment banking services offer exposure to fixed income securities (US Treasuries, UK Gilts, and Sub-Saharan Africa Eurobonds), which are all dominated by the United States Dollar ($).

However, not all clients qualify for certain investment products as they can put their capital at risk.


Vetiva Capital Management

Read more here https://informationtoknow.com/investment-banks-in-nigeria/

FOR

Other investment banks in Nigeria and
Answer to all your questions about Investment Banks in the country.

https://informationtoknow.com/investment-banks-in-nigeria/

Searching for information about investment banks in Nigeria? You’re at the right place, as this post covers everything you need to know about investment banking in Nigeria.

Investment Banking in Nigeria – An Introduction

An investment bank is a financial institution that functions as a third-party intermediary in transactions for individuals, corporate institutions, and the government.

These types of transactions are often complex and heavy, hence the need for a service that can help ease the process.

In simpler terms, investment banks serve as the link between investors and financial markets.

They also exist to offer financial advice and procure financing for their clients.

Investment Banks in Nigeria are no different.

Nigerian investment banks help generate funding for major development projects such as Agriculture, Oil and Gas, Construction, Industrialization, Infrastructure, and so on.

They play essential roles in sustaining the economy, work with IT firms in Nigeria, and drive the development of the nation.

In fact, many of these investment banks rank as some of the top 10 banks in Nigeria.
List of Top Investment Banks in Nigeria

In no particular order, here’s a list of the names of the best investment banks in Nigeria:

Zenith Bank
Vetiva Capital Management
Standard Chartered Bank
Stanbic IBTC Capital Limited
Renaissance Capital Bank
Afrinvest Limited
GTI Group


Let's discuss these banks in details.

Zenith Bank

Zenith Bank is a licensed institution that offers financial services to clients in Nigeria and West Anglophone Africa.

It is one of the top banks in Nigeria and provides an elite investment banking platform for customers.

Their investment banking services offer exposure to fixed income securities (US Treasuries, UK Gilts, and Sub-Saharan Africa Eurobonds), which are all dominated by the United States Dollar ($).

However, not all clients qualify for certain investment products as they can put their capital at risk.


Vetiva Capital Management

Read more here https://informationtoknow.com/investment-banks-in-nigeria/

FOR

Other investment banks in Nigeria and
Answer to all your questions about Investment Banks in the country.

https://informationtoknow.com/investment-banks-in-nigeria/

This article covers the military coups in Nigeria right from the first one to the last military coup the country experienced. It also highlights their causes and everything you need to know about Nigeria’s coup d’etat since the country gained independence.

Sit back and enjoy the read.


Military Coups in Nigeria – An Introduction

Nigeria, as a country, has experienced several military coups since the country got her independence in 1960.

There have been both successful and unsuccessful military coups in Nigeria, but one thing is sure – these coups have helped chart the course of the country.

With the rise in corruption and other factors post-independence, it sometimes became crucial for the military to take over power and restore sanity.

However, what began as an emergency intervention soon became a permanent feature in the Nigeria political atmosphere.

Between 1966 and 1999, the Nigerian army held power in the county without interruption, except from a short-lived return to democracy between the years 1979 and 1983.

This fact shows how deep coup d’etats are a part of the history of Nigeria post-independence.
What is a Military Coup?

A military coup is a situation when the military violently or non-violently overthrows an existing political regime. It also goes by the terms, ‘ousting,’ ‘overthrow,’ ‘putsch,’ or ‘takeover.’

No matter the term it bears, it’s typically illegal, and unconstitutional and involves the seizure of power by the military, political faction or a dictator.

A coup is successful when the coup organizers seize and hold power for at least seven days and a coup in the works or unsuccessful coup is term a ‘coup attempt’.


Causes of Military Coups in Nigeria

Military coups in Nigeria link to various factors revolving around one word – corruption.

Following independence, Nigeria had democratically elected leaders; however, with the rise in corruption, the military stepped in to set things straight, thus the first military coup in Nigeria.

After that, there were a series of military coups leading the country to where it is today.

Comprehensively, the top reasons for military intervention in Nigeria include;

Socio-economic Underdevelopment
Corruption and Political Underdevelopment
The Centrality of the Military
Conflict Based on Societal Issues
Ethnic and Regional Differences

Top Reasons for Military Intervention in Nigeria

Socio-economic Underdevelopment

This reason suggests that military intervention sometimes happens because of disbelief in the socio-economic development of the country.

Countries that are socially and economically stable are less prone to military coups and any country having instabilities in socioeconomics is likely to experience one.

Military interventions often happen in countries with low-income status, with the military trying to seize power and take situations back to normal.


Corruption and Political Underdevelopment

Political underdevelopment and crises is another reason the military might intervene. This is a common cause of a military coup, and the coup is often to eliminate the corruption and crises from the political sector.

These political crises and corruption weakens the government and increases the chances of a military coup happening.



The Centrality of the Government

This cause of military coup is based on the amount of power the military has in a country. This theorizes that the greater the power and resources the military have, the greater the chances of a military coup.

A weak government may provoke strong military forces to take over the rule of the country.
Societal Conflict

Conflicts about societal issues can be a prevalent cause of a military coup. These conflicts may include ethnic and religious issues. This is typical because Nigeria has several tribes and three major religions.

When these ethnic and religious conflicts are not controlled, it can lead to military intervention.



Regional Differences

Nigeria has several tribes and geopolitical zones with different regional and ethnic differences. These differences may lead to political instabilities and lead to military coups if not handled well.

This is why the government must provide ways to foster peaceful interrelationship and coexistence between the different regions in Nigeria.



Military Coups in Nigeria

Nigeria has experienced several military coups since independence in 1960. Some of this coup d’etat include;

The January 1966 Coup
The July 1966 Coup
The 1975 Coup
The 1976 Coup
The 1983 Coup
The August 1985 Coup
The December 1985 Alleged Vatsa Coup
The 1990 Coup
The 1993 Coup


The January 1966 Coup

The January 1966 Nigeria military coup began on January 15th, 1966.

It started when some Nigerian soldiers led by Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu and Emmanuel Ifeajuna killed 22 persons.

The persons killed included the Prime Minister, several senior politicians, senior army officers, and their wives, and sentinels on protective duty.

The coup plotters attacked Ibadan, Kaduna and Lagos and blockaded the Niger and Benue River within 48 hours before the plotters were subdued.

Following the coup, Johnson Aguiyi Ironsi, the General Officer Commanding the Nigerian Army, took charge of the country.

This put democracy in Nigeria on hold.

The casualties of the coup included the country’s Prime Minister, Alhaji Abubakar Tafawa Belewa, the Sardauna of Sokoto, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Samuel Akintola, the finance minister, the Premier of the Western Region, Festus Okotie-Eboh and many others.



The July 1966 Coup

Read more here https://informationtoknow.com/military-coups-in-nigeria/

FOR


Other Coups in Nigeria and their details
The Impact of Military Rule in Nigeria
Characteristics of Military Rule in Nigeria
The Structure of Military Rule in Nigeria
Achievements and Failures/Weaknesses of Military Rule in Nigeria.
Achievements of Military Rule in Nigeria
The failures and weaknesses of military rule in Nigeria
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Military Coups in Nigeria
and More


https://informationtoknow.com/military-coups-in-nigeria/

Antivirus92:
and the falsehood of ogun state being rich let alone richest state in nigeria continues,,,,,,
I don't know why u people love living in delusion!

It is based on IGR and cost of living.

Do you have a contrary view?

Ilaumoh:

Should I ask you the same question?

Mokason288:

A penny for the reason behind your laugh

Do you wish to know more about seaports in Nigeria? This article is for you. The article covers everything you need to know about Nigerian seaports.


Seaports in Nigeria – An Introduction

It is normal that a country like Nigeria to have seaports the same way it has airports. If there are many airports in Nigeria, why should there be no seaports with Nigeria being a coastal country?

Although we cannot say that the number of seaports in the country is equivalent to that of local airports or international airports, there are some seaports in different parts of the nation. These seaports help ensure that goods come in through the water bodies.

Some people may assume that any water body classifies as a seaport, but such an assumption is false.

You cannot expect that a water body in an interior rural area would become a seaport.

Before a water body can be classified as a seaport, it must be well-vetted, ensuring that vessels can securely pass through it.

A certified seaport provides facilities and equipment necessary for seagoing vessels to anchor, load and unload cargo, and embark and disembark passengers.

A water body must have a harbor to be classified as a seaport.

Thus, a ship cannot dock in a water body without a harbor, eliminating thoughts about all waterbodies being a seaport.

Instead, they are lakes or rivers.

Some seaports are small, while others are big.

A port can either be a cargo port or a cruise port. Both ports are, as the name implies.

People use the ships for cruising on a cruise port, while vessels dock with cargo and shipments on a cargo port.

Typically, every country has organizations or agencies that control the different ports.

It could be that one agency handles all the ports, or different agencies control the various ports.

Whatever the case might be, the aim is to ensure that things are done in an orderly manner to promote accountability.
Nigerian Ports Authority (NPA)

The body that is in charge of the operations of most Nigerian seaports is the Nigerian Ports Authority. The authority started operations in 1955 but was only in charge of the Lagos and Port Harcourt ports then.

Now, it has expanded, adding other ports under its supervision.

The body’s head office is in Marina, Lagos state.

Nigerian Ports Authority has the vision to be the leading port in Africa while delivering efficient port services in a safe, secure, and customer-friendly environment.

Thus, it is not surprising that efficiency, customer satisfaction, safety and security, and innovation are the organization’s values.

The Nigerian Ports Authority has towage, boat servicing, radio/ signal communication and control, and much more under the harbor services it renders.


Branches that Represent the Work of Nigerian Ports Authority

Others branches that represent the work of the Nigerian Ports Authority are:

Cargo Handling
Marine Services
Health, Safety, and Environment Services
Security Services
Commercial Services
Engineering and Technical Services
Lands and Estate Services


Seaports under the Nigerian Ports Authority

The Nigerian Ports Authority is currently in charge of six Nigerian seaports, namely:

Lagos Ports Complex
Tin Can Island Port
Calabar Port
Delta Port
Port Harcourt Port
Onne Port

The other Nigerian seaports are run by agencies different from the Nigerian Ports Authority.

The Nigerian Ports Authority Abuja office acts as a liaison office.


List and details of the Seaports in Nigeria

Here is a list of the seaports in Nigeria and everything you need to know about them:

https://informationtoknow.com/seaports-in-nigeria/

This post highlights the richest state in Igbo land and points out why it is the richest amongst other southeast states.

Igbos are seen as a rich tribe and are business persons who travel the world to acquire legitimate wealth. This is the reason people are looking out for the richest state in Igboland often.

Searching for the richest countries, states, regions, etc. is not new. People are usually curious about knowing the richest states in any country, and Nigeria is not any different.

While this post is focused on the Southeastern states (which are major Igbo states), you should also not forget that there are different tribes in the country. Nigeria has three major tribes – Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba – and it is common to see people want to know the richest state of each of these tribes.

Back to the Igbos.

Being rich is one of the attributes associated with Igbo people, so it is not out of place to see people assume that they have money, and would be the richest out of all the tribes.

Are they?

If yes, which state is the richest amongst them?

This article will let you know the richest state in Igbo land.


The Igbo States in Nigeria

People say that Igbo people are everywhere globally, and if you go to any place without seeing an Igbo person, you should relocate.

Thus, you know that you will see an Igbo person in all states of Nigeria. This does not mean that they are the inhabiting tribe of that state.

Five states in Nigeria are classified as Igbo states, as anyone from any of these states is called an Igbo person.

The five Igbo states are:

Abia
Anambra
Ebonyi
Enugu
Imo

Thus, out of these five states, you can pick the richest when talking about the richest state in Igbo land.



The Top Richest States in Nigeria

Before thinking about the wealthiest state in Igbo land, it is only right for you to know the richest states in Nigeria.

For a state to qualify as the richest in the country, it has to contribute to the country’s economy, and the state of living of its residents has to be high.

Any state that makes the list of the richest can stand independently and not depend on the federal government.

Here are the top 5 richest states in Nigeria:

Ogun State
Akwa Ibom State
Edo State
Imo State
Oyo State

Now you have an idea of the ranking of wealthy states in Nigeria.

You can read more about the richest state in Nigeria here https://informationtoknow.com/the-richest-state-in-nigeria/


Richest State in Igbo Land

From the ranking above, you can see that Imo state is the only Igbo state on the list of top 5 richest states in Nigeria. Thus, one can say that Imo State is the richest state in Igbo land.

Imo state has Owerri as its capital city but has other towns that are well-developed and famous. Some of these towns in Imo State are Orlu, Mbano, Okigwe, Mbaise, etc.

Asides from being the richest state in Igbo land, it has also produced some famous people such as Chioma Ajunwa, Onyeka Owenu, Mercy Eke, Miracle Igbokwe, Christy Opara, Samuel Okwaraji, and much more.



Resources that make Imo state the richest Igbo State

Unlike some states in Nigeria that limit its economy to depend on only Agriculture, Imo State is versatile. The state ensures that its tentacles reach other sectors to ensure that the economy stays well-balanced.

Some of these sectors are:

https://informationtoknow.com/richest-state-in-igbo-land/

amerengues:
Hmm

It’s quite unfortunate that most officers in Nigeria work based on their perception on what they should do rather than what and how law backs their responsibilities.

An average Nigerian officer just feel being entitled to gun means free shooting or being in public places means they are untouchable and untop of the world so that they arrogate power and uses it as they like.

We all need to rub the laws, duties, and responsibilities in their face to know what they are meant to do. “Oga Dey do am so me sef go do am”.

This kind of posts should be on front page for education


When the public is informed, it creates a seamless execution of the law, duties and responsibilities.

I agree with you 100%