2013/14 LIKELY PRACTICAL BIOLOGY SPECIMENS QUESTIONS & ANSWERS


SPECIMEN A:



specimen A is a stem of cassava. specimen A is propagated by stem cutting. specimen A consist of nodes .a leaf or palmate leaf . botanical name =manihof spp. pest of

specimen A includes. (a)grasshopper(b)white flies(c)mealy bug (d)rodents . disease ofspecimen A are casava mosaic,leaf spot ,root knot e.t.c




CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN A


(a)possesion of notes


(b)presence of inter nodes


(c)possesion of buds


(d)possesion of leaves and leaves stalk


(e)it stored food in the roots




SPECIMEN B

SPECIMEN B
is a plantain or bannana sucker .

method of propagating specimen B is by sucker. class of fruit of specimen B is a berry.

other plants in the same class of berry are
(a)tomato
(b)guava
(c)garden eggs

other plants that can propagated by sucker are

(a)pineaple
(b)bannana . suckers are underground young plants which develop from the axillary buds of the parent plant.

ecological consequence of sucker is over crowding leading toncompelition for space,light and available food resources


.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN B


(a)presence of advations roots
(b)possesion of axillary buds
(c)possesion of leaf base
(d)underground stem of main shoot is also present




ECONOMIC IMPORTANT OF SPECIMEN B


(a)the new plant arised from the stem sucker is a source of income to the farmers


(b)the fruit cell is also a source ofincome


(c)the fruit is a good source of food, vitamins,minerals,e.t.c


(d)the leaf base of the main shoot can also host pests and diseases.




SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SPECIMEN A AND B


(a)both are propagated through their vegetative parts.


(b)both consist of buds




DIFFERECES BETWEEN SPECIMEN A AND B

SPECIMEN A


(a)its a stem of cassava


(b)absense of the stem sucker


(c)it is dicot




SPECIMEN B


(a)it is a plantain sucker

(b)presence of stem sucker

(c)it is a monocot

specimen C

specimen C is runner of grass.runners are stems which grow horizontally on the surface of the ground

examples are (a)imperata cylindrica(b)runner of sweet potato(c)strawberry(d)blueberry e.t.c




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----DIAGRAM------

the structure of imperata cylindrics(a runner)

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GENERAL


CHARACTERISTICS OF A RUNNER

(a)possesion of buds

(b)they grow horizontally to the surface of the ground

(c)they are organs of vegetative propagation

(d)possesion of advatition roots.




SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SPECIMEN B & C

(a)both are propagated through their vegetative parts

(b)both have advertition roots

(c)scale leaves are present in both specimen




DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SPECIMEN B & C

SPECIMEN B

(a)its a plantain sucker

(b)possesion ofunderground stem

(c)stem sucker grow vertically

SPECIMEN C

(a)is a runner of grass.

(b)the stem grow on the surface of the ground

(c)stem runner grow horizontally.

SPECIMEN D

specimen D is spirogyrs filorments in water in a petric dish. Specimen D is a filaments plants in the division of thallophyt.

other organisms in the thallophyt are

(a)sargassum

(b)closterium

(c)anabaena , e.t.c




CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN D

(a)possesion of clchiroplast

(b)possesion of mucilage

(c)possesion of cell wall

(d)possesion of pyreniod

(e)it is a simple multicellular




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---DIAGRAM----

the structure of specimen D

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Mode of reproduction:

-specimen D carries out s*xual reproduction by conjugation & as*xual reproduction by fragmentation

-When specimen D (SPIROGYRS)cell is immersed in salt (super) solution more concentrated than its cell sap,the cell (spirogyrs)we shrink & die (plasmolysis have taking

place).

-Rub the filament of the specimen D gently between your fingers & you will observe that the filaments are coated with mucilage which makes them slimy.

-Place a filament of specimen D in a cover slip or white tide & place a drop of iodine solution the part(portion)of the specimen.the portion turned blue-black showing

the presence of starch.

-The invunerable bubbles of gas form among the threads of specimen D shows that oxygen is evolved during photosynthesis.

Mode of nutrition of specimen:

-D is AUTOgrapH (holophytic)nutrition.

-The habitat of specimen D is aquatic (moist place)


SPECIMEN E



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-----DIAGRAM----

The structure of specimen E

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CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN E

(a)it consist of bronehioles

(b)it also consist of alveoli

(c)it consist of network of blood capillaries

(d)it is used for respiration

-Respiration is a metabolic process wchich takes part in living cells by which organic nutrients are broken down to release energy(ATP)for life activity or (6H12

O6+6O2-->6CO2+6H2O+ATP)



SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION

(a)both occur in living organism

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RESPIRATION & PHOTOSYNTHESIS

RESPIRATION:

(a)it is exothrmic

(b)it occur in plants & animals

(c)respiration is a catabolic process

(d)heat is libiberated

(e)oxygen is used

Photosynthesis:

(a)it is endothermic

(b)it occur only in plants

(c)photosynthesis is an anearobic procees

(d)heat is absorbed

(e)oxygen is liberated




SPECIMEN F

SPECIMEN F is freshly perserved Toad.

Habitat of specimen F is terretrial-aquatic.

Respiratory organ: lungs,skin,gills,& buea cavity.

Class of specimen F is amphibian.

Parental care= none.

Reproduction= s*xual.

Fertilization= external.

Excretory organ= kidney.

Mode of nutrition= carnivores,during adult stage & herbivore duringtadpole stage.




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----DIAGRAM----

structure of specimen F



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STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIMEN F


specimen F undergoes various stages of development which are

(a)courtship stage

(b)the egg stage

(c)the young tadpole stage

(d)the external gill stage

(e)the internal gill stage

(f)the limb stage

(g)the young toad stage.




METAMORPHOSIS of specimen F

SPECIMEN F undergoes imcomplete metemorphosis,that is from egg->tadpole->adult. Metamorphosis is the series of gradual chargesof forms & shape of an insect from the

fertilised egg to adult.




EFFECTS OR ROLE OF HORMONE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOAD(SPECIMENF)

In the specimen F,metamorphosis is controlled by the hormone called thyroxin,tyroxin lastens the rates of metamorphosis.




CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN F

(a)possesion of bulg eye

(b)possesion of poisonous gland

(c)specimen F exibit dual life

(d)absense of neek

(e)possesion of webbed limbs

ADAPTATION OF SPECIMEN F IT'S HABITAT

(a)possesion of poisonous glands for defence

(b)presence of long sticky tongue for capturin of prey

(c)possesion of webbed limbs for swimming

(d)possesion of tympanic membrane for recieving sound

(e)absense of tail for easy hopping.




ECONOMIC IMPORTACE OF SPECIMEN F

(a)it destroyed some equatic weeds during tadpole stage

(b)it reduce the effect of structural adaptative of insects.

(c)it serve as a food to terrestrial organism eg hawk,snake e.t.c

(d)it also serve as food to some aquatic species




SPECIMEN G1

Specimen G1 is water leaf plant with fleshy stem

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----DIAGRAM----

The stucture of specimen G1

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----DIAGRAM----

traverse sector of the stem specimen


G1

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STRUCTURAL ADAPTATIVE OF SPECIMEN G1

(a)possesion of taproot system

(b)possesion of lenticells

(c)pressure of hair root

(d)possesion of succulent leaves




DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MONOCOT & DICOT



MONOCOT

(a)Possesion of narrow cortex

(b)absense of cambium

(c)possesion of fibrous root system

(d)possesion of broad leaf tip



DICOT

(a)possesion of wide cortex

(b)presence of cambium

(c)possesion of taproot system

(d)possesion of pointed leaf tip



SPECIMEN G2

specimen G2 is water leaf plant with fleshy stem (left in eosin solution for minimum of six hours).

An experiment to show that the xylem tissue conducts water upwards from the roots through the stem to the leaves.



AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT

to show that the xylem tissue conducts water upwards from the roots through the stem to the leave



METHOD OF THE EXPERIMENT

A young herbacous plant (specimen G2)is uprooted,washed & placedin a beaker containing eosin solution(red ink)the roots must be completely coverd by the soluion

(eosin)leave the set UP for about six hours at the end of six hours,the plants is brought out & washed in a tap water.transver section of the roots, stems,7leavesof

the plant are made & examined under a microscope .

OBSERVATION-The xylem vessels are staird red

CONCLUSION-it showsthat the xylem tissue conducts water in plant



SPECIMEN L

specimen L is skin of a goat.



ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SPEICIMEN L

(a)A good source of income

(b)its used for decoration

(c)it is used for musical instrument

(d)A good meat



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----DIAGRAM----

THE STRUCTURE OF SPECIMEN L

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SOURCE OF SPECIMEN L

specimen L can be obtained from goat,sheep cow e.t.c



IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN L to the organisms where it can be obtained

(a)it relegate body temerature

(b)it brings about responds to stimulus

(c)it also help for excretion & osmorgulation

(d)it also help to manufacture & store vitamins



SPECIMEN M

Specimen M is qill feather from birds



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----DIAGRAM----

sTructure of specimen M

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Types of feather

(a)quill feather

(b)contour feather

(c)down feather

(d)filoplume feather.



ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN M

(a)t is used for flight

(b)it gives shape to the animal

(c)the calamus is rich in mineral

(d)it is used for making of pillos

(e)it is used for decoration

(f)A source of manure



CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN M

(a)possesion of vane

(b)presence of barbs

(c)it is used for flight

(d)presence of calamus

(e)possesion shaft



ADAPTIVE FEATHERS OF SPECIMEN M

(a)it is mdified for flight

(b)its used as an insulator

(c)it gives shapes to the organs that posses them

(d)it is also used to keep the osmotic temperature of the organisms that posses them constant.




SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SPECIMEN L & M

(a)both are anal bye-products

(b)both also helps to maintain constant body temperature .

(c)both also helps to protect the body from diseases,cold e.t.c

(d)both can be used for decoration

-Parasites of specimen M is fles

-Parasites of specimen L is tick

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SPECIMEN L & M



Specimen L

(a)specimen L is obtained from goats,sheep e.t.c

(b)it consists of fur (hairs)

(c)specimen L is not modified for flight

(d)absense ofvane & barbs



Specimen M

(a)specimen M is obtained from birds.

(b)it does not consists of fur

(c)specimen M modified for flight

(d)presense of vane & barbs



SPECIMEN N

specimen N is a shell of a great african snail



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---DIAGRAM----

STRUCTURE OF SPECIMEN N

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-Respiratory organ of specimen N is by the foot.

-Habitat= terrestrial ie humid areas.



CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN N

(a)possesion of apex of shell

(b)it is hexical in nature

(c)presence of aparture

(d)possesion of spiral whorn.



ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN N

(a)it is used as ornament

(b)it is also used for musical instrument purpose

(c)A source of income.

(d)it is used for drinking of water



SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SPECIMEN L,M & N

(a)they are all obtained from animals

(b)all are anal bye-product

(c)all are used for decoration

(d)they are used for musical instrumental purposes.



SPECIMEN P

SPECIMEN p is a tuber of irish potato .its also stem tuber.specimen P is grown on a cold temperature environment



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---DIAGRAM---

STRUCTURE OF SPECIMEN P

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CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN P

(a)specimen P is a tuber

(b)possesion of scale leaf

(c)possesion of lenticell

(d)possesion of axillary bud or eye



ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN P

(a)A good source of food

(b)A source of income

(c)A specimen P is a source of carborhydrate.



SPECIMEN Q

specimen Q is a twig of hibiscus flower.



CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN Q

(a)The tendril twigs round a supports

(b)the tendril is located at the top of the leaf

(c) the leaf is parallel & venated



SPECIMEN R

-Specimen R is a cassava cultting.

-Specimen R is used for vegetative propagation cassava



--NOTES OTHER FEATURES OR CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN R ARE THE SAME AS SPECIMEN A

SPECIMEN S

specimen S is hind wing of cockroach.



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---DIAGRAM---

STRUCTURE OF SPECIMEN S

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FUNCTIONS OF SPECIMEN S

(a)it is used for flight

(b)it protects the abdominal layer



CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN S

(a)it is lighter than the fore-wings

(b)possesion of distal end

(c)possesion of proximal end

(d)it consist of elytron

(e)it usually found in adult



SOURCE OR WHERE IT CAN BE FOUND

(a)specimen S can be found in cocroach

(b)organism that posseses specimen S undergoes incomplete metamorphosis



SPECIMEN H

Specimen H is freshly prepared iodine solution.



USES OF SPECIMEN H

(a)it is used for testing of starch in carbohydrate food

(b)it is also used for testing for starch in green leaf.



EXPERIMENTS USING SPECIMEN H

(a)test for starch using specimen H & p

collect a few pieces of spcimen p (irish potato) & add few drops of specimen H (IODINE SOLUTION). Record your observation & inference



-OBSERVATION: The colour of the portion of specimen P change to blue-black .



-INFERENCE: It indicate the presence of starch.



TEST OFF STARCH ON GREEN LEAF USING THE LEAF SPECIMEN G1,G2,& Q

METHOD OF EXPERIMENT:

Step 1:

Collect the leaf from any of the specimen above .boil the leaf for about 4-7 minutes to kill the cells,burst starch grains that are present & to inactivate the enzymes

in the leaf.


STEP 2: Then dip the boiled leaf into a test tube containing 70% alcohol to decolourised the leaf


STEP 3: Finally,collect the leaf in a test tube containing 70% alcohol& place in a white tile & pour few drops of specimen H (IODINE) Solotion on the leaf.



OBSERVATION: The leaf turned blue-black or iodine solution.

INFERENCE: It indicates the presents of starch.

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