The death of someone we love is one of the most intense emotional experiences
any of us will face. So it's no surprise it's often accompanied by floods of tears. Not everyone cries when they grieve, however – or if they do, they may cry less
than they (or others) expected. But is little or no crying a reason for concern
when someone's grieving? Not necessarily, says bereavement counsellor Mal McKissock. While crying is an
important part of the grieving process for many people, lack of tears shouldn't be
seen as a sign something's wrong. That's because individuals differ greatly in both their tendency to cry (under any
emotional circumstances) as well as in the way they respond to the specific stress
of grief; there is no right or wrong way to grieve, McKissock says. "You ought to be allowed to cry if you feel you want to. And if you're a non-crier,
you shouldn't be made to feel bad about that. What matters is that you are able to
express yourself in a way that's consistent with who you are." In his experience, those unable to express themselves the way they'd like to, feel
worse. So if you're supporting someone who's bereaved, it's important to "provide a
safe place where the person can be themselves". Just don't judge them on the volume of their tears because this varies enormously
from one person to the next. "If you're a person who cries four times as much or four times less, it's still 100
per cent of your crying." Tears as painkillers Our tendency to cry (or not) seems to be at least partly biologically-determined. Research suggests greater amounts of the hormone prolactin in women may be
one reason their cry four times as much as men, McKissock says. (Prolactin is best
known for its role in milk production but some researchers have suggested it
may also help stimulate tears.) When women cry, they do so in bouts that average six minutes long, compared
with an average of four minutes in men, he says. So it's feasible there may be other biochemical explanations for differing
individual crying tendencies within each sex. Some of the benefits of crying may also be biological. When we experience intense emotional distress such as the death of someone
we love, our bodies produce a number of powerful painkilling chemicals – similar
to heroin and morphine. And tears are one of the ways these chemicals are
distributed in the body, McKissock says. The tears carry the chemicals to the surface of our eyeballs, where they are
absorbed and may serve to ease the emotional pain, and so, from an evolutionary
perspective, help our survival, he says. This may also explain why many of us – bereaved or not – feel better after a good
weep. "How many times do you sit down and have a good cry and feel better
afterwards?" When crying is blocked If people want to cry but are prevented, it's possible they are denied some of
these natural painkillers that would otherwise help moderate their distress,
McKissock argues. "That may be a reason why it's important to be allowed to cry if you are able to
when you are bereaved." He says there is also some evidence crying may be a way of ridding the body of
substances that would otherwise build up and affect our mood and wellbeing. For instance, a build up in the brain of the chemical manganese, which is excreted
through tears, has been linked with low mood and increased risk of depression,
he says. But it doesn't necessarily follow those who are 'non-criers' are worse off as, in
these people, natural painkillers may be distributed, and toxins excreted, through
means other than tears, he speculates. Extended crying While extended crying often concerns people, including the crier, it shouldn't be
interpreted as a sign someone is going downhill, McKissock says. "Becoming upset is actually a sign you are going uphill – and it's a very difficult
haul. But you can make it. Tears are a healthy display of passion. They are liquid
love." For those concerned by unexpected surges of grief, behaviours like visiting the
grave or looking at photographs of the person can be helpful. "My experience is that if people do that of their own volition, the likelihood of it
sneaking up on them when they least expect it is diminished." So if crying (or not crying) isn't a reliable sign someone is dealing inappropriately
with their grief, is there anything that is? "Whatever you do is OK as long as it's safe," says McKissock. "The concept of
'getting over grief' is not a truth. What happens is we learn to live with it."