Landlocked developing countries ( LLDC ) are
developing countries that are landlocked . The
economic and other disadvantages experienced
by such countries makes the majority of
landlocked countries Least Developed Countries
(LDC), with inhabitants of these countries
occupying the bottom billion tier of the world's
population in terms of poverty. Apart from
Europe, there is not a single successful highly
developed landlocked country when measured
with the Human Development Index (HDI) and
nine of the twelve countries with the lowest HDI
scores are landlocked. Landlocked countries
that rely on transoceanic trade usually suffer a
cost of trade that is double of their maritime
neighbours. Landlocked countries experience
economic growth 6% less of their non-
landlocked countries, holding other variables
constant.
http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landlocked_developing_countries

What challenges do landlocked countries face?

The challenges facing landlocked developing countries Despite significant technological improvements in transport, landlocked countries in Africa and Asia continue to be less developed than countries that border the sea. While the poor economic performance of landlocked countries is often solely attributed to geographical distance from the coast, the situation is more complex. Landlocked countries must also face the challenges that result from their dependence on passage through another country to access global markets.
Research carried out by the Earth Institute at Columbia University and the United Nations Millennium Project attempts to understand the nature of these challenges. Based on data from a number of sources, the researchers highlight the relatively low development levels in landlocked developing countries and outline the problems they face.
Overall, landlocked countries have lower levels of human development and external trade compared with their maritime neighbours. Nearly all landlocked countries export between twelve and seventy per cent less than maritime countries. According to the Human Development Report (HDR) 2000, nine of the twelve countries with the lowest human development index ranking are land-locked. Average GDP per capita is approximately forty-three per cent lower, while life expectancy is three and a half years lower than their neighbours with access to the sea.
The authors argue that the relatively worse performance of landlocked countries is strongly related to their dependence on other countries' transit routes for access to overseas markets. They identify four issues that may inhibit the economic development of landlocked countries:Dependence upon transit neighbours' infrastructure to transport goods to port. This imposes direct costs on trade, particularly if the transit country's infrastructure is weak due to lack of resources, mis-governance, conflict or natural disasters.The political relationship between landlocked and transit countries. If the two are in conflict, whether military or diplomatic, the transit neighbour can easily block borders or obstruct trade.Vulnerability to civil conflict within transit countries. Civil conflict can damage or close transit routes, which often means that trade corridors have to be rerouted or even that transit is stopped.High administrative costs due to transit, associated with border crossings, heavy paperwork and bureaucratic procedures. These often add the greatest amount to shipping costs.
Strategies to improve the economic performance of landlocked countries should involve reducing their dependence on their transit neighbours. Measures should also be taken to reduce the risk of disruptions in trade flows. The authors recommend the following policy measures:Landlocked developing countries need to emphasise the development of their internal transportation infrastructure.Regional infrastructure integration strategies are needed to develop active trade routes and expand market access for landlocked countries. This includes investment in building and maintaining efficient ports to serve entire regions.Regional integration strategies (e.g. the Southern African Development Community) need to focus on administrative co-ordination to standardise border procedures and reduce transport costs.Landlocked countries need to invest, where possible, in developing industries that are less affected by transport costs.
In order to invest in all four of the above areas, official development assistance (ODA) to developing countries should give special attention to the unique needs of those that are landlocked. In particular, ODA should recognise the requirement for increases in assistance to support large-scale investments in roads and railways. Such investments need to include improvements in operations and maintenance as well as in transport infrastructure itself.

Idrismusty97: The most mind blowing fact of all is that Switzerland is a Landlocked country. It is hard to believe this!

Onlinebizexpert: All I see here is war war war yet they are not the world power............rubbish

DonaldGenes:

Yeah, I am impressively aware of that since, It has borders with France, Liechtenstein, Germany, Austria and Italy, but has no coastline
But there is this country that hardly made headline, I_mean_LIECHTENSTEIN

Idrismusty97: Nigeria GDP would still even surpassed theirs(Although their citizens are more wealthy and many live above the poverty line). Their GDP is roughly $650bn and ours is roughly $530bn. We are growing at a more faster rate than them and in less than 2-3 years from now we will have a bigger GDP.

Idrismusty97: Maybe because it is a tiny region in with a population of just over 35 thousands. That shouldn't even be a country, Germany should annex it . After all their official language is German and their cultures are similar. Lagos state is even bigger than Liechtenstein.

DonaldGenes:

You must be dreaming, Grow pass which country? I guess you really not in the know about what you saying? don't compare Nigeria with Switzerland in any ramification_ They just don't add up comparison-wise

Difference Between GDP and GDP per Capita.
http://www.differencebetween.net/business/difference-between-gdp-and-gdp-per-capita/

DonaldGenes:

You must be dreaming, Grow pass which country? I guess you really not in the know about what you saying? don't compare Nigeria with Switzerland in any ramification_ They just don't add up comparison-wise

PapiWata: Another amazing fact about Switzerland is that EVERY man over 18 is required to serve in the military, which is not remarkable on its own, HOWEVER, what sets Switzerland apart is that when that mandatory military service is over, every discharged soldier is expected to take home his military assault rifle as PERSONAL PROPERTY, which remains theirs for life.

So, while the Swiss may walk and talk softly, just remember that EVERY Swiss man packs some MAJOR firepower in the house, and is trained to use that fully automatic battle-rifle to devastating effect. Aside from perhaps Israel, there is NO other nation on earth, besides Switzerland, that deliberately puts large numbers of assault rifles in the hands of civilians.

Yomieluv: I need amazing facts about Nigeria,my beloved country.

PapiWata: Another amazing fact about Switzerland is that EVERY man over 18 is required to serve in the military, which is not remarkable on its own, HOWEVER, what sets Switzerland apart is that when that mandatory military service is over, every discharged soldier is expected to take home his military assault rifle as PERSONAL PROPERTY, which remains theirs for life.

So, while the Swiss may walk and talk softly, just remember that EVERY Swiss man packs some MAJOR firepower in the house, and is trained to use that fully automatic battle-rifle to devastating effect. Aside from perhaps Israel, there is NO other nation on earth, besides Switzerland, that deliberately puts large numbers of assault rifles in the hands of civilians.

BlackTechnology:


God bless you for confirming my post above to be the truth.

That's why I insist that GEJ involve our higher institutions in weapons development at least for 10years to help us quickly rebuild our military arsenals with indigenous weapons which will make us less vulnerable to Western arm embargo.


#InvolveOurHigherInstitutionsInWeaponsDevelopment

DonaldGenes:

Ideally, Sounds like a noble idea to me but we can't catch up with developed countries without constant power- you know

SMALLPENIS: Wow! Nigeria will reach that level one day !

dein77:
With these current bunch of rulers, that ONE DAY may be an eternal mirage.

DonaldGenes:

Bruh, Tell me something, "35k", SOUNDS Crazy you know, wait a sec, How did they manage to be a Country with such a paltry number of people?
omg! {Pushes Wiz Khalifa off the road}