This RFA seeks to advance knowledge of how changes in water quality, including incremental or step improvements, can be valued at appropriate spatial scales using advanced non-use valuation methods for the water bodies identified. The inclusion of non-use values in benefit-cost analysis is a subject of scrutiny (see Carson 2012; Kling et al. 2012, Hausman, 2012, and Haab et al. 2013 for a review) within the environmental and economic communities. If non-use values are an important component of benefits, they should be measured accurately so that benefit-cost analysis helps improve decision making. Tests evaluating the accuracy of methods used to estimate non-use values are therefore encouraged. Other key methodological issues that could be addressed include the effect of alternative baseline trends or time horizons and how attributes are considered in the context of ecological production functions, e.g., as endpoints or inputs (Boyd and Krupnick, 2013).
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