For simplicity, let's assume you have a 100 watt device that you want to power with free solar energy for 10 hours each night.

To figure out what size solar panel, batteries, charge controller and inverter you need, follow the simple steps below.

1. Calculate how much energy is needed. 100 Watts x 10 hours = 1,000 Watt hours. That is the total energy you will need.

2. Now calculate what size solar panel you will need. Based on a ten hour day of light, the calculation is simple:
1,000 Watt hours / 10 hours sunlight = 100 Watt solar panel.

The reality is that most summer days give about 15 hours of sunlight and winter you get about 4-5 hours of sunlight. Always choose the worst case scenario for
your solar panel. In this case, go with a winter day of 5 hours sunlight.
1,000 Watt hours / 5 hours sunlight = 200 Watt solar panel.

(Based on average United States daily sunlight hours.)

3. Calculate what size batteries you need. 1,000 Watt hours divided by 12 Volts = 83 Amp Hours of reserve battery power.
1,000 / 12 = 83.3
An average marine deep cycle battery will work well here. Select a larger size battery to be sure, say 100 Amp hours capacity.

4. To figure what size solar charge controller is needed, take your solar panel wattage, which is 100 watts divided by 12 Volts.
100 / 12 = 8.3 Amps.
Always go larger, in this case use a 10 Amp solar charge controller.

5. Calculate what size inverter is needed. That's the easy part. You need to power a 100 Watt load, so select an inverter that has
at least 100 Watts continuous power rating.

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