In 1670s, human started to use pig iron as a construction material, before applying wrought iron to build bridges, houses in the beginning of 19th century. The low strength and poor combination property of these kinds of steel materials hinder them from meeting requirements. That is the earliest time people started to steel structure. After middle 19th century, civil engineering made a great leap with increasing grades and types of steels, higher strength and welding technologies.

Construction steel is commonly divided into structural steel and concrete steel. The former mainly includes common carbon steel and low alloy steel, with types of steel profiles (angle, H beam, box iron), steel pipes and rebar. According to different process methods, concrete rebar can be divided into hot rolled coil, heat-treated reinforcing bar, cold-draw steel rod, cold-draw low carbon wire and deformed steel bar; and it can be divided into plain surface rod and deformed steel bar according to surface appearance; and it can be divided into 5 class – I, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, V as for tensile strength.

Construction steel is one of the four major materials of civil engineering – steel, concrete, wood and plastic. And in steel industry, without special instructions, construction steel refers to the most used steel wires and deformed steel bars.
There are two kinds of classification of deformed steel bar:

The first one is classified by geometrical shape: the shape of cross sections and the distant between two ribs. For example, deformed steel bar is divided into classⅠand classⅡ according to the England standard BS4449. This classification mainly reveals the clench performance.
The second one focuses on property. According to China’s executive standards (GB1499.2-2007), hot rolled ribbed bar is divided into 3 classes in line with (yield/tensile) strength.

Rebar is indispensable steel products for medium and large scale constructions. China imports the product mainly from countries in the Western Europe, and exports increasing amount of rebar abroad. Most the steel enterprises in the second largest economic entity come from cities or provinces including Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Wuhan, Sichuan, Liaoning etc.

The cross sections of deformed steel bar manufactured in China mainly in shape of spiral, herringbone and crescent.
Rebar’s specifications should be illustrated in contracts which include items including grade, nominal diameter, nominal weight, length and according tolerances of all the items.

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