Seedworld:
*INTRODUCTION TO OIL PALM CULTIVATION*


OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis ) is a specie of palm commonly called African oil palm. It is the principal source of palm oil. It is native to west and south west Africa, Mature palms are single-stemmed and grow up to 20m tall.

The leaves are pinnate and reach 3-5 m long. A young palm produces about 30 leaves a year. Established palms over 10 years produce about 20 leaves a year.

The flowers are produced in dense clusters; each individual flower is small, with three sepals and three petals.

The palm fruit takes 5–6 months to mature from pollination to maturity. Although the new re-engineered palm does not take this much. It is reddish, about the size of a large plum, and grows in large bunches.

Each fruit is made up of an oily, fleshy outer layer (the pericarp), with a single seed (the palm kernel), also rich in oil. When ripe, each bunch of fruit weighs between 5 and 30kg (11 and 66 lb) depending on the age of the palm tree.

*AGRONOMY PRACTICES FOR OIL PALM PRODUCTION*

1. *CLIMATE* : Oil palm is a humid tropical crop and thrives best in the areas where temperature ranges from 22 degree Celsius to 24 decree Celsius (Minimum) and 20 degree Celsius to 33 degree Celsius (Maximum).

Oil palm require at least 5 to 6 hours of bright sunshine per day and 80% of humidity for optimum growth .The oil palm requires annual evenly distributed rainfall of 2500 to 4000mm or 150 to 150mm monthly .


2. *SOIL REQUIREMENT FOR OIL PALM CULTIVATION*

Generally oil palm can be grown on a wide range of soils .However they thrive best in well drained deep loamy moist and alluvial soil rich in organic matter .These trees require at least 1 meter soil depth . Farmers must avoid highly saline and highly alkaline ,coastal sandy and water stagnant soils such as clay soils.


3. *PROPAGATION OR PLANTING OF OIL PALM*

The propagation of oil palm is done mainly by seeds which are extracted from fruits using depericarper .Pre heating of seeds is required for 75 days for 40 degree Celsius temperature due to their high dormancy.

There after seeds should be soaked in running water and make them to cool down for 4 to 5 days .The seeds start germinating 10 to 12 days and when germinated sprouts should be transplanted to poly bags and raised in nursery .

The single stage nursery system is most popular in Nigeria .It involves the use of black poly bags filled with top soil and rotten or cured manure .The sprouts should be placed at a depth of 2.5cm in the center of the poly bag.

Regular watering and mulching should be carried out for proper growth of seedlings. Use recommended NPK fertilizer for the nursery until they are ready to be transfered into the main field .

About 35 hectares can grow enough seedlings over a three-year period to plant a 5,000-hectare plantation. After eight months in the nursery, normal healthy plants should be 0.8–1 m in height and display five to eight functional leaves.

Although in Nigeria it is advisable to buy high yield and disease free seedlings from reputable nursery . The ones that are ready to be planted to save yourself from stress and unnecessary delays especially during the raining season ideal for planting.


4. *LAND PREPARATION FOR OIL PALM CULTIVATION*

Since oil palm is expected to be done in large scale for good returns on investment ; it therefore imperative that the land for its production be well prepared.

Mechanical land preparation can be done with all weeds removed .The land ploughed to get the soil fine tilth stage. The field should be supplemented with good organic matter to make the soil a rich field .Poultry manure can be incorporated prior to planting.The best time to plant oil palm is from June to July.

Those planted during the dry season must be given alternative irrigation system such as drip irrigation.They should also be mulched adequately alongside growing cover crops with them during the dry season.


The proper approach to oil palm development begins with the establishment of leguminous cover plants, immediately following land clearing.

They help prevent soil erosion and surface run-off, improve soil structure and palm root development, increase the response to mineral fertilizer in later years, and reduce the danger of micronutrient deficiencies.

Leguminous cover plants also help prevent outbreaks of Oryctes beetles, which nest in exposed decomposing vegetation. Both phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are needed to maximize the leguminous cover plants’ symbiotic nitrogen-fixation potential of around 200 kg nitrogen/ha/yr, and are applied to most soils at 115 to 300 kg phosphorus oxide/ha and 35 to 60 kg potassium oxide/ha.

Young palms are severely set back where grasses are allowed to dominate the inter-row vegetation, particularly on poor soils where the correction of nutrient deficiencies is difficult and costly.

5. *SPACING FOR OIL PALM CULTIVATION*

Triangular spacing pattern which is most recommended requires 9m x 9m x 9m spacing .With this dimension 143 to 145 oil palm plants can accommodate an hectare of land.Planting should be done on pits of 60cm x 60cm x 60cm.

During planting ,mix the soil with 400grams of SSP (Single Super Phosphate ) fertilizer and 50grms of prorate and apply at the base of the pit as soon as planting is done.Do not forgot to water the young tree or seedling immediately after the fertilizer is applied at the base of the pit.


6. *FERTILIZER APPLICATION IN OIL PALM CULTIVATION*

Oil palms requires a balanced and sufficient supply of micro ,macro and secondary nutrients for high production of palm oil.In oil palm cultivation fertilizers should be applied every 3 months interval starting from June or July .

In case of newly planted trees ,first dose of fertilizer should be applied after 3 months of planting.Do not forget to water after each application of fertilizer.

*A SIMPLE GUIDE FOR FERTILIZER APPLICATION FOR THE FIRST 3 YRS*

*NITROGEN*

* Use Urea Fertilizer *

*1st year* - 870grams per palm /per year.

*2nd year* - 1750grams.

*3rd year* - 2600 grams.

*PHOSPHORUS*

* Use SSP (Single Super Phosphate) fertilizer*

*1st year* - 1250 grams* per gram ,per palm /per year*.
*2nd year* - 2500grams
*3rd year* - 3750 grams.

*POTASSIUM*

*Use MOP Fertilizer (Muriate of potash)

*1st year* 670gram, per palm /per year*
*2nd year* 1350 grams.
*3rd year* 2000grams.

*MAGNESIUM*

*Use Magnesium Sulphate fertilizer *

*1st year* Use 125 gram ,per palm /per year*
*2nd year* 250 grams.
*3rd year* 500 grams.

*BORON*
.Use Borax fertilizer.

*1st year* 25grams, per palm/per year*
*2nd year* - 50gram.
*3rd year* - 100grams .



7. *IRRIGATION IN OIL PALM CULTIVATION*

Oil palm requires sufficient irrigation or water supply especially during the dry season when there is no rains.The growth rate of palms is faster and yield higher when there is sufficient water available for them .It is not advised to grow oil palm without availability of water especially in the dry season. Younger growing plant requires about 200litres of water per day .Older plants require a little bit more water in hot season.Drip irrigation systems can be installed under each plant .Sprinkler irrigation systems can also be deployed as alternative irrigation systems for oil palms.

8. *MULCHING IN OIL PALM CULTIVATION*

Mulching is necessary in oil palm cultivation to conserve soil moisture and control weed growth .Mulching can be done with dried leaves ,coconut husk ,male flowers and empty bunches.

9. *WEED CONTROL IN OIL PALM CULTIVATION*

Regular manual weeding or chemical weeding can be carried out in oil palm cultivation. However chemical weed control should be done only with recommended herbicides. For effective chemical control of weeds in oil palm orchard ,glyphosate of 700ml to 750ml per hectare per year should be applied.

Herbicides mixtures of paraquat with Atrazine ,Diuron and Monuron on the ground can effectively control the weeds and this operation should be carried out at least twice a year .

10. *INTERCROP IN OIL PALM CULTIVATION*

Oil palms are usually widely spaced trees and intercrop can be effectively utilized during initial 3yrs period before trees create a canopy.

However,care should be taking with inter crops so it will not compete with the oil palms in terms of water, light and nutrients. The most suitable crops for intercrop with oil palm during the first 3 yrs are vegetables such as peppers,banana, ginger,tumeric, pineapple etc.

11. *PEST AND DISEASES MANAGEMENT IN OIL PALM CULTIVATION*

The common pest and diseases of oil palm include ; Pestalotiopsis leaf spot ,Ganoderma butt rot,oil palm wilt,Rhinoceros beetle ,Mealy bugs.Appropriate control measures should be taken to care for these pests and diseases by contacting experienced agro inputs dealers.

12. *HARVESTING OF OIL PALMS*

The first oil palm will be ready for harvesting in 3yrs after planting in the main field. Determining harvest time is very important in oil palm cultivation as it greatly impacts the quality and quantity of oil.Harvesting can be done when the fruits on the palm turn into yellowish to orange color and 5 to 8 fruits drop on their own.

Harvesting takes place throughout the year and generally done in 10 to 14days internal with the help of sharp knief or sickle. A stalk length of 5cm should be left while harvesting the fruit bunches.

*YIELD POTENTIAL OF OIL PALM*

Any crop yield depend mainly on the soil type ,Variety, climatic conditions and farm management practices.

*During initial period of 4 to 8yrs of the palms yield ranges from 10 to 12 tonnes per hectare*

*After the 8th year yield can increase from 18 to 20 tonnes per hectare*


*THE NEW SUPERGENE HYBRID OIL PALM VARIETY YIELD & CHARACTERISTICS IS SHARED BELOW*



*SuperGene* – Most Productive Oil Palm Hybrid.

Earlier harvest (22 to 24 months) compared 36 to 48 months for Tenera standard seedling. First year harvest 7 to 8 tonnes of palm oil per hectare ,Significant higher yields for each and every year throughout the 25year lifespan.Life span average yield of 44 tons.

Dwarf Palm – annual growth rate of 25 to 35 cm compared to 60 cm of tenera. Extends the economic cropping cycle beyond the normal 25-year lifecycle.

Shorter Tree … Easy to reach speeds up harvesting … Harvesting cost is reduced.
Tree diameter and circumference is bigger supports more branches & more fruits, this reduces gravity effect allowing easy transfer of nutrients from soil to fruit.

This allows the tree to thrive better in dry season. Wider gap between leaves stem results in an increase in photosynthesis for more robust growth.

More Disease Resistant
Higher Oil-to-Bunch Ratio more than 25% bigger seed, thinner shell and smaller kernel.More Female Flowers, ratio is 2 times higher than the normal species.

Longer Tree Lifecycle 30 years for fruit bearing as well as income generating period is longer.

Average yield over 25 years lifespan – 44 tons /hectare or over 10 tonnes of Oil based on Oil Extraction Rate of 23%.Yields can be enhanced with the use of high performance liquid plant fertilizers and high yield hybrids.

*Interested in this oil palm variety, further enquiries or wishes to purchase other economic tree seedlings we supply ,pls do contact SEEDWORLD LTD 07082638957 (whatsapp) Email: seedworldlimited@gmail. com*

Really love your very educative and entertaining articles. Will definitely consult you if and when I buy land for cultivation.

Thanks sir ,and God bless you real good .We look forward to hearing from you in the days ahead.Pls stay safe in these pandemic times.

Yours Truly,
SEEDWORLD LTD.

*INTRODUCING THE AFRICAN STAR APPLE*

The African star apple Cherry, botanically called (Chrysophyllum albidum), belongs to the family of sapoteacea.

It is locally called cherry, is in full bloom. You can see the fruits on sales along the highways and roadsides all over the country, especially in the Southern part of Nigeria.

It is a tropical fruit mainly distributed in the low land rain forest zones and frequently found in villages. It is popularly called Udara in Igbo, Agbalumo in Yoruba, and Otien in Edo.

The arrangement of the seeds are in form of asterisks and the name star apple was coined from this. The chemical compositions includes tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, proteins, carbohydrates and resins.

Cherry is a fruit that is difficult to ignore. While many find the taste not so pleasant, some find the sticky nature of the inner pulp of the fruit unattractive. It is difficult to predict the taste of the cherry fruit until you actually taste it. Unlike fruits like banana, Mango and cashew which taste one can predict, cherry could be sour, sweet or in-between sour and sweet.

African star apple is a seasonal economic tree crop that start producing during the dry season from December to April.

The health benefits of cherry is what makes it difficult to ignore. Compared with other fruits, cherry is among the healthiest fruits available.

*BENEFITS OF CHERRY TO MAN*

Cherry is a good source of calcium providing about 10% of the amount needed by the body.

Calcium lends strength to the bones and teeth and it may also lessen symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.

Cherry is highly recommended for pregnant women because it reduces salivation and is one of the best natural sources of Vitamin A and C.

In fact, the Vitamin C found in the pulp of cherry is said to be higher than the ascorbic content of Orange and guava.

The fruit also provides calories which makes the fruit a good snack. The fruit possesses antioxidant properties which gives the body a better chance of fighting and avoiding heart disease and cancer.

The fruit contains fiber which aids digestion and it is also ideal for weight watchers.

While most people seem to be interested only in the cherry fruit, all other parts of the plant is infact very useful.

The leaves contains hypoglycemic (lowering blood sugar) properties and anti-platelet activities. The stem can be used as chewing stick as it contains anti-bacterial properties and is a natural remedy for tooth ache, constipation and indigestion.

Remember to swallow your spit when using the stem as chewing stick.The roots and barks when boiled are excellent remedies for cough, yellow fever, high blood pressure and Diabetes.

An infusion of the leaves can be used to wash wounds as an antiseptic, and as remedies for diarrhea, and constipation.

In this age when many people are struggling with obesity, cherry is a good fruit to have around. The fruit is excellent for maintaining a healthy metabolism, and therefore good for losing weight.

It is unfortunate that after eating the pulp of the cherry fruit we always throw away the skin. The cherry skin is infact one of the most medicinal part of the cherry plant.

I recommend chopping the skin into pieces and then blend a handful in half liter of water. This is one of the best preparation for weight loss and for diabetes. Blending the skin gives you access to the full benefits of the fiber and you will be amazed at the burst of energy you will feel after drinking the solution.


It is worthy of note that the African star apple is one of the endangered plants in Nigeria and Africa. While many of us eat cherry and value its health benefits, we don’t seem to care about the cultivation of this wonderful plant.

People are busy harvesting cherry from the wild and there is hardly any interest in cultivation of the plant.
The implication is that there will be less and less African star apple plant available and eventually we may wake up one day to find that our precious cherry is no more available to purchase.

Having known the several health benefits, it becomes expedient to take advantage of this economic tree by cultivating it especially for commercial production.

*SELECTING YOUR AFRICAN STAR APPLE VARIETY*

You need to know that there are different varieties or species of African star apple otherwise known as Udara or Agbalomo .

They can be distinguished by their shapes,sizes as well as their taste .So , before venturing into African star apple farming ,you need to decide on the variety to plant.Before now the local African star apple takes 8yrs to reach maturity and start yielding fruits .But with the new improved or exotic varieties it takes lesser from 3yrs to start production after transplanting to the field.This is the type we supply at SEEDWORLD LTD.


*AGRONOMY PRACTICES FOR STAR APPLE CULTIVATION*

1. LAND PREPARATION :

Land preparation is the foundation for a good farming enterprise.The objective of land preparation is to develop potential tree growth ,survival and uniformity of a crop about to be established.

Through proper land preparation factors that limit tree growth are reduced. The land to be use for growing African star apple should be properly prepared.

Clear the land and till any soil that is hardened in other to loosen it for water and nutrients penetration or absorption.The soil should be a well drained sandy loam rich in organic matter with a good PH .

2. PLANTING / PROPAGATION :

African star apple can be propagated by seed or through the use of grafted seedlings. When planting your African star apple from seed ensure you use seeds that are not more than 4 months old.When planting it is advisable to plant during the raining season .

This is because they need adequate water during their early stages for seed germination or seedlings growth.If you decide to plant them during the dry season do ensure you have alternative irrigation system in place especially drip irrigation or sprinklers.

Always buy your seedlings from trusted and recognized nursery farms or suppliers.We at SEEDWORLD LTD provide you quality and trusted seedlings for commercial farm establishment.

3. *FERTILIZER APPLICATION*

It is good to apply fertilizer to your farm as it improves soil fertility and increases output. You can choose to use organic or compound fertilizers such as NPK to improve the soil fertility.You can contact us for the right fertilizer recommendation .

4. PRUNING OF AFRICAN STAR APPLE .

It is necessary to prune the trees so they can produce healthy fruits.This makes them develop a very good structure which will make harvesting very easy and simple.Pruning the trees will also promote higher fruit yield.


5. PEST AND DISEASE CONTROL IN AFRICAN STAR APPLE FARMING.

If you desire to have a bountiful harvest in farming African star apple ,you must have a pest and disease control program as the need arises. It is often said that " Prevention is better than cure".

You must try at all cost to prevent pest end diseases which bring about low productivity of your trees .You can prevent pest and diseases through the use of good cultural practices and application of the right chemical control.You can contact us (SEEDWORLD LTD) for any advice on the right chemicals to use per time .

6. HARVESTING OF THE AFRICAN STAR APPLE.

The African star apple is mostly harvested during December period. However ,the taste is not always sweet .It is far better to allow the fruit for the rain to meet it before you can harvest it.This allows for a sweet taste of the fruits.You know the fruits are ready for harvest when it turns from green to yellow.

*Interested in improved African star apple (Agbalomo or Udara ) seedlings ,do contact SEEDWORLD LTD 07082638957 (WHATSAPP) Email: seedworldlimited@gmail.com*

Exotic Agbalomo seedlings .

*INTRODUCING BUSH MANGO( OGBONO ) FARMING*

The scientific name is irvingia gabonensis, English name is African mango, wild mango or bush mango. Ogbono grows naturally in the wild and the fruits fall on their own when they mature.

The fruits are then allowed to decay or eaten for the seeds that are broken for the nut.
There are different varieties of ogbono in Nigeria; the slippery and the non slippery types.

Ogbono farming is mostly done in African countries such as Congo, Angola, Cote d’ voire, Cameroun, Ghana, Togo, Benin republic and Uganda.

In Nigeria it is cultivated in orchards by few states; Edo, Ebonyi, Cross River and Benue. Ogbono plants are mostly grown for their nuts, the fruit is like mango, oval in shape and can be eaten same way..

Their juice is used in the production of jams, wine, jelly, etc. Ogbono is used for soup . This a kind of soup that is so loved by many, it has great taste and amazing flavour.
That’s one of the reasons ogbono demand is always on the increase.

*CLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS FOR GROWING OGBONO*

Ogbono tree can grow up to about 40m in height with a temperature between 20-37°C; annual rainfall is between 120-150cm. They are planted in deep soil and also a seasonal crop.

*OGBONO CULTIVATION RATE IN NIGERIA*

Studies shows that it is only aged persons that are into ogbono farming
Only very little has been done to increase their cultivation in Nigeria.


There is still a wide gap between supply and demand of ogbonor in Nigeria and beyond. The ogbono seeds we have in Nigeria is not enough to go round mainly because of population increase.

Entrepreneurs and investors are forced to go to other African countries in other to meet up with the high demands.This is why we need more people to venture into ogbonor farming in Nigeria.


*OTHER HEALTH BENEFITS OF OGBONO APART FROM SOUP INGREDIENT*

Aside the weight reduction advantages of its consumption, as well as its age-long dietary aid for humans, there are many other health benefits derivable from consuming the African mango.

* African mango is rich in potassium and pectin. Pectin is a fibre you need to reduce your cholesterol level inside your blood vein.


* Consuming African mango can be one of the best treatments to prevent kidney stones according to some research works.


* The bark of the African mango tree can be decocted and used for treating dysentery and diarrhea.


* The fruits and seeds can serve as fodders fed to farmland livestock such as goat, sheep, cow, cattle, etc.


*Antioxidants are important in fighting free radicals. Irvingia gabonensis (ogbono) African Mango is a potent source of antioxidants.


* African Mango appears to reduce blood sugar levels, as well as having a beneficial effect on insulin resistance and glycemic index control in obese diabetic patients.


* African mango surprisingly has almost same proportion of potassium and Vitamin K to optimal potassium absorption into the blood and cells.


* By consuming African mango at least three times a week, you can say good bye to constipation forever.


* African mango has numerous amount of Vitamin E which stimulates the body to produce sexual hormones to raise your sexual desire.


* Methanolic extract of the African Mango can be used for treating bacterial and fungal infections.


* Ogbono works much better to strengthen your memory and concentration because it has an important protein; glutamine acid.



*AGRONOMY PRACTICES FOR OGBONO CULTIVATION*

1. LAND PREPARATION :

The importance of land preparation cannot be over emphasized in farming because of its benefits.Land preparation for planting of ogbonor is done between November and March .

Acquire a land in a farm area. The operations involves : Clearing ,felling of unwanted trees ,cross cutting ,packing and burning . Mechanical operations can also be deployed using tractors and harrow.

Make the land ready for planting by clearing the debris. Ogbono is best planted in a sandy loam soil that is rich in organic matter. They are planted in deep soil of about 150cm, with acidic PH of 4.5-7.0.So confirm your soil pH by carrying out a soil test .

2. PLANTING / PROPAGATION.

Ogbono can be propagated through seeds and grafting, marcoting, cutting, air layering and budding. But propagation through seed is difficult and may likely fail except you are well experienced or have a technical know how on how to go about it.That is why we recommend seedlings.

*PLANTING SPACING*

The spacing of 7m x 7m is recommended for Ogbono planting .This gives a population of about 200 stands per hectare.After making out ,dig planting holes of 60cm x 60cm x 45cm .

*HOW AND WHEN TO TRANSPLANT OGBONO SEEDLINGS*

Transplanting of ogbono seedlings is done in the early part of the raining season as soon as the rains stabilize that is between May to June .

Fill the holes with well decomposed organic manure or farm yard manure and top soil two weeks before transplanting of seedlings .

Pls note, do not put inorganic or chemical fertilizers like NPK or UREA in planting holes at transplanting of seedlings. This may be harmful to the young seedlings.

Seedlings should be transplanted with the ball of earth (Sand) around the roots of the plant in the nursery nylon.If budded seedlings are planted,regularly check and prune off all side shoots especially under the budded root stock.


3. FERTILIZER APPLICATION IN OGBONO CULTIVATION :

Fertilizer application starts one year after field establishment. If the planting holes were well prepared ( with decomposed organic manure and top soil) no chemical fertilizer is required in the first year of establishment.

1 to 4yrs after planting if the soil is fairly rich ,an application of 0.25kg (250grams) per tree stand or NPK (15:15:15, 20:10:10 ) or any other compound fertilizer having NPK can be applied.

Fertilizer application should be done during the raining season. If the soil is poor ,the dosage could increase to 0.5kg (500grams) per tree stand.The plant are ring weeded before broadcasting the fertilizer around each tree stand once a year.

4. TOPPING IN OGBONO CULTIVATION :

Topping is a management practice whereby all the growing shoots of the plant are shaped by clipping (Pruning or Training) . This is a Taming process .

*ADVANTAGES OF TOPPING IN OGBONO CULTIVATION*

(a) It gives the trees desired shape instead of conical shape that the tree is naturally prone to.

(b) It exposes more leaves to sunlight thereby enhancing photosynthesis and facilitating more fruits formation.

(c) It encourages early flowering.

(d) It controls the height of the plant.

*WHEN TO DO OR START TOPPING*

Between the second and third year ,and towards the end of the rains ,do the first (Prunning) .This is achieved by cutting back all the growing shoots .Repeat this yearly for the next 3 to 4 years.

5. IRRIGATION IN OGBONO CULTIVATION :

Seedlings transplanted in May/June or June / July depending on location ,may be adversely affected by the following dry season (Nov to March ) especially if the dry season comes early and extends to March and April of the following year.

During this time it is recommended to provide alternative irrigation system such as drip irrigation or sprinklers and mulch round each tree stand with grasses and supply at least 20 to 25litres of water per tree per week.This will enhance survival rate and early productivity .

6. REPLACEMENT OF DEAD PLANTS WITH NEW OGBONO SEEDLINGS :

Plants or seedlings that fail to survive should be replaced the next rainy season.This practice should continue until all the missing tree stands are filled up.Before replanting the dead plants ,the planting holes should be properly checked to find out the cause of the death.

If the death is caused by disease or pest ,adequate measures should be taken to clean up the planting site and planting materials before and after replanting.

7. WEED CONTROL IN OGBONO CULTIVATION :

In the first 2yrs of field establishment ,it is recommended to ring weed 1meter from the base of the plants.This can be done consistently as they grow on. Chemical weed control can also be done with proper caution.You can contact SEEDWORLD LTD for the applicable chemical recommendation.

8. INTER CHOPPING OGBONO :

Within the first 5yrs of field life and until the tree's start creating canopy ,food crops such as Yam ,Cassava,Ginger,Cocoyam and vegetables can be planted within the ogbono tree stands.

Spreading or crawling crops especially sweet potato is highly recommended as intercrop for ogbono ,because apart from.the edible sweet potato roots,the sweet potato will also serve as a cover to check erosion and to control weed growth.

After canopy is formed in a few years ,only cocoyam,yam and potatoes can be intercropped because they are shade tolerant crops.

8. DISEASES AND PEST IN OGBONO CULTIVATION.

*DISEASES* Most of the diseases associated with ogbono in the nursery or field includes;

(a) *Damping off* : Ogbono is susceptible to damping off disease caused by two fungi - (Pythium Spp and Phytophtora Spp). The seedlings remain susceptible till the cotyledons drop 3 - 4 weeks after planting.

*Control* Avoid waterlogging conditions in the field or nursery.You can also use copper based fungicides such as (Red force) for treatment.For chemical recommendations you can contact SEEDWORLD LTD.

(b) Leaf Spot : There are two types of leaf spot namely ;
(i) Clorotic to necrotic spots caused by two fungi - Rhizoctonia Spp and Collectrotirichum Spp.

(ii) Reddish Purple spots caused by Rhizoctonia Spp .These are controlled as stated above for damping off.


*PESTS*

The pest that affect ogbono includes the following.

(a) Insect Pest : Young seedlings are attacked by grasscutters,Caterpillars, Scale insects etc.Leaf miners and fruit borers occasionally attack mature plants .These insects are controlled by spraying monthly with a broad spectrum insecticide .You can contact SEEDWORLD LTD for recommended brands of insecticide.

For other pest we would state them below because of time.You can contact us for possible control measures.

(b) Rodents.
(c) Epiphytes (A parasite)

*Other natural destroyers of Ogbono plantation include* ;

(d) Fire

(e) Weed .


9. HARVESTING OF OGBONO .

Local Ogbono that grows in the wild from seed could take 10yrs to maturity.Improve Ogbono varieties take a shorter period of 4 to 5yrs .

Fresh ogbono comes into market between June and August and is most scarce between March and April. The two varieties of Ogbono have different flowering / fruiting cycles as stated below .

(a) *VARIETY* : Gabonensis

*FLOWERING TIME* : Nov to March and June .

*FRUITING* : April to July and Sept to Oct.

(b) *VARIETY* : Excelsa


*FLOWERING TIME* Sept to Oct.

*FRUITING* December to March.

When fruits mature they fall to the ground and are collected for processing .Mature fruits can equally be plucked manually or mechanically.

Picking of ripe fruits is an organized annual event in areas where ogbono grow in the wild on commercial lands .

*YIELD POTENTIAL*

An average kernel yield of 25kg per stand of Ogbono is considered good.Kernel yield could be up to 30 to 35kg per plant in good years and could be as low as 20kg per stand in bad fruiting years.

*Interested in improved Ogbono seedlings or further enquiry do contact SEEDWORLD LTD 07082638957 WhatsApp
Email : seedworldlimited@gmail.com

We wish you all a HAPPY EASTER .Pls stay safe in this season.

*INTRODUCTION TO JACK FRUIT FARMING*

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is one of the most remunerative and important fruits of India. It belongs to the family Moraceae.

Jackfruit is the largest tree-borne fruit in the world with a weight varying from a mere 3 kilograms to 36 Kilograms. It is a delicious and exotic fruit packed with many nutrients and benefits.

Jackfruit is popularly called the jack of all fruits. It is a rich source of vitamins, minerals, phytonutrients, carbohydrate, electrolytes, fiber, fat and protein.

In rare cases, this fruit grows from underground roots and in such situations, cracks the ground over it before emerging outside.

However, distinct varieties are not available in jackfruit. Cultivated types are broadly classed into two groups by consumers, namely, soft flesh and firm flesh.

A. Soft flesh

When fully ripe, the fruits yield to the thrust of a finger easily. The pulp is very juicy and soft. The taste varies from very sweet, sweet acidic to insipid.

B. Firm flesh

The rind does not yield to the thrust of finger easily. The pulp is firm and crispy. The taste is variable in degree of sweetness. Some distinct types are capable of maintaining their individuality even after propagation by seeds. These are:

i. Rudrakshi

It produces roundish fruits of the size of the pummelo. The rind is smooth, less spiny than the common jackfruit and the perianth is fleshy but the quality is inferior.

ii. Singapore or Ceylon jack

It has been introduced to India by Sri Lanka. This is highly precocious type, producing fruits after approximately 2½ years of planting the seedling.

The size of fruit is like common jack fruit. Some trees produce light off-season crop between September and December.

*CLIMATE* Jack fruit prefers warm climate to thrive. This is because is a tropical tree crop.The jackfruit is adapted only to humid tropical and near-tropical climates. It is sensitive to frost or cold in its early life and cannot tolerate drought. If rainfall is deficient, the tree must be irrigated.

*SOIL TYPE*

The jackfruit tree flourishes in rich, deep soil of medium or open texture, sometimes on deep gravelly or laterite soil. It will grow, but more slowly and not as tall in shallow limestone. It cannot tolerate "wet feet" or root. If the roots touch water, the tree will not bear fruit or may die.

*AGRONOMY OR CULTURAL PRACTICES FOR JACK FRUIT CULTIVATION*

1. LAND PREPARATION :

Jackfruit grows well on all climatic types although warm and moist surroundings are best. Prepare the land for planting before the onset of the rainy season. For flat to gently rolling lands, plow the field once and harrow two or more times. These operations are dispensed with in very hilly areas.


2. PROPAGATION

Jackfruit is generally propagated by seeds and this leads to immense variation and prolonged juvenility. The seeds are sown immediately after extraction either in beds, polythene bags, earthen pots or in coconut husk pieces containing enough soil to cover the seeds.

Heavier seeds should be used for sowing purposes. The seeds should be soaked 24 hours in water and thereafter treated with some germination boosting chemicals ;which results in improved germination and enhanced seedling growth.You can contact SEEDWORLD LTD for such.

Propagation by vegetative means offers handicap or is fruitless . Different methods of grafting have not given encouraging results or success.

However, inarching and layering have been found effective in multiplying the jack fruit and it should be done from June to August.

The poor success in budding of jackfruit is probably due to severe oozing out of latex from the freshly cut surfaces.

Under good conditions, success has been reported by budding, when it is performed from mid-May to mid-August after collecting buds from a defoliated shoots.

In recent years, epicotyl grafting has also given encouraging results. It has been observed that often there is a poor establishment of air layered shoots in their permanent places because of their non-fibrous and brittle root system.

Stool layering has proved better as there is no problem of establishment in field due to the presence of fibrous roots. The lifting of seedlings from beds as well as the transplanting of the grafts from the nylons to the field should be done with care, as the seedling plants have pronounced tap root system.

Any injury to roots or breaking of earth ball will lead to the poor establishment of the plants at their permanent position. Direct sowing of seeds in the field and budding in situ from promising strains have been found beneficial to ensure better establishment of plants.

*PLANTING METHOD*

For jackfruit plantation, 1 x 1 x 1 m pits are dug at least 10 days before planting. About 30 kg well rotten farmyard manure and 500g super phosphate are mixed with the soil of each pit and the pit is refilled.

Approximately, 2g/litre chloropyriphos active ingredient should be applied in the pit to avoid insect attack.


Planting of 3 to 4 seed per pit leads to stronger plants. But nursing and raising of a large number of plants in this way is difficult. After planting, the soil is pressed firmly to avoid waterlogging in pits during rainy season.

This is important for jackfruit plantation as the jackfruit can not withstand waterlogging. The best time for planting grafts or seedling is June to August.

Prolonged dry weather after planting may lead to the death of plants. The tap root should not be disturbed while planting, to avoid damage to the plants.

The square system of planting is commonly practiced for planting but hexagonal system may be followed in less fertile soils.

*SPACING*

In fertile soils, a spacing of 12 x 12 m accommodating 70 plants per hectare will suffice for this fruit crop.

On average soil, trees may be planted 11m apart. High density planting can be practiced in lighter and poorer soils.

3. CARE FOR YOUNG JACK FRUIT PLANTS.

The leaves of jackfruit are favourite feed for goats. Thus, the young plants are frequently damaged by stray goats and cattle unless adequately protected by providing iron mesh or gabions for about two years. Gabions may have to be replaced after a year.

Hand watering of young plants during one or two times daily during dry periods is necessary for assured survival and good growth of plants.

Frequent weeding and mulching are necessary to achieve normal plant growth.

4. FERTILIZER APPLICATION

In Jackfruit plantation, an application of 20:10:10 of NPK per year respectively up to 8 years and thereafter, the dose of 8th year taken as the constant dose for subsequent years, should be followed in jackfruit trees.

It has been observed that the young fruits (0.5-1.0 kg) suffer from browning and mature fruits show the symptoms of developing spongy and corky tissues along with whitish pockets in the fruit mesocarp.

This malady is believed to be caused due to lack of boron in the soil which can be controlled by spraying the trees with 1 % solution of Borax at monthly intervals starting from January to May or by adding borax @ 250g per tree along with fertilizer application.

5. IRRIGATION OF JACKFRUIT PLANTATION.

Jackfruit tree is sensitive to drought, therefore, irrigation during dry periods is considered essential in arid regions for normal plant growth.

Generally, ring system of irrigation should be adopted for irrigating jackfruit trees as it also economises the use of water.Drip irrigation or sprinkler system is most recommended.

For young orchards, hand watering is necessary during first two to three years. The frequency of irrigation will depend on the soil moisture condition.

6. INTERCROPPING

It starts bearing after 5 to 7 years of its transplanting. Therefore, during this period the interspaces of the orchard should be properly utilized. Suitable crops should be grown every year till the trees reach bearing stage.

When the soil moisture is not a limiting factor, vegetable crop like okra,Pepper especially chilli, tomato, Potatoes and watermelon etc. can be grown. These crops will also improve the nitrogen status of the soil.

7. INSECT , PEST AND DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH JACKFRUIT .

*Insects and Pests*

There are about 7-8 insects attacking jackfruit but three of them are of economic importance. Two common pests are described here:

i. Shoot and trunk borer

It is often a serious pest . It bores into the tender shoots and buds. After sometime the affected parts become dried and ultimately the (buds) drop off.

To control this pest, chemical application spray is advisable. Affected parts should be nipped off and destroyed.

ii. Brown weevil

It is also reported to bore into the tender buds and shoots. They may be controlled by destroying fallen fruits and buds and by collecting grubs and adults.

In addition, mealy bug and jack scale are also found to attack jack fruit which can be controlled by use of a suitable contact insecticide.

*Common Diseases for Jackfruit*

Soft rot and pink disease are common diseases in jackfruit.

i. Soft rot

It is a fungal disease found in jackfruit. In this disease, male flowers and small fruits are badly affected, whereas female flowers and mature fruits escape this disease.

Humid atmosphere facilitates the spread of this disease. To control this disease, spray applicable copper related chemicals in the month of January, February and March at an interval of 21 days should be done.

ii. Pink disease

White or pink spots are formed on the affected branches. It gradually covers the whole branch. When the disease becomes serious, peeling of the bark takes place.

All the affected branches should be severed .
To check the further spread of the disease, spray of (2.75 kg copper sulphate + 1.8 kg slaked lime + 200 litres of water) should be sprayed.

8. FLOWERING AND FRUITING.

Jackfruit is a monoecious fruit tree. Large number of flowers is borne on club-shaped rachis. The female spikes are borne on footstalks while male spikes appear both on the footstalks as well as the terminal branchlets.

Footstalks bearing female spikes are vigorous and have granular surface, while the male spikes are in the central and top region of the tree with thinner stalks and smoother surface.

Sex of a spike can be easily identified when it is small. The length and diameter of female spikes are much more than those of the males. Surface of a young male spike is smooth, while in the case of a female flower it is granular.

Both pollination and fertilization completes within 3 to 6 days after the opening of flowers (anthesis).Irrespective of method of propagation, the tree starts bearing from the 7th or 8th year after transplanting.

The flowers generally start appearing in December and continue up to March and the fruit ripens in dry season.

At higher altitudes, jack fruit growth may continue up to September. Occasionally, though rare, off-season flowering may be noticed. The axis of inflorescence, the multiple fruit, botanically called sorosis, the pericarp around each seed and the fleshy perianth are edible.

Jackfruit is a multipurpose fruit tree. It can be cooked as vegetable, ripe fruits used for table purpose and green mature fruit can be used for making pickles. The fruits develop during raining season and dry season. The fruits become ready for harvest in June or early July.

If the flowers on all sides are not pollinated, the fruit does not develop normally. The size is small and the shape may be irregular in less pollinated fruits.

However, lack of pollination may lead to the drop of female spike.

9. HARVESTING AND YIELD OF JACK FRUIT.

Bearing in jackfruit starts from the 7th to 8th year when a few fruits may develop, while the tree reaches its peak bearing stage within 15th to 16th years after planting.

Tender fruits are harvested for use as vegetables during early spring and summer until the seeds harden. The fruit matures towards the end of June. Period of fruit development is February to June.

Harvesting is done by cutting the stalks carrying the fruits. Normally, a tree bears a few to 250 fruits annually at this stage. The weight of the fruit varies widely depending on the type. Individual jackfruit may weigh up to 50 kg.

10. STORAGE AND MARKETING OF JACK FRUIT.

In Jackfruit plantation, storage is also very important. Jackfruit has a good storage quality because of its thick peel.

Jackfruit storage life of about 6 weeks is expected when the temperature is 0.1 to 12.7 0C and humidity between 85 to 90 per cent.

The initial quality and stage of maturity at harvest are important factors on which the storage life depends. Because of its good storage life, it can be transported to distant places for marketing. It does not need any packing or wrapping before sending to markets.

*Interested in jack fruit seedlings do contact SEEDWORLD LTD 07082638957 (WHATSAPP) Email : seedworldlimited@gmail.com*

Seedlings

****CASTOR VARIETIES****

1)GCH 07: its an annual Castor seeds, which means you will harvest it once in a year, the yield can be up to 3 to 4 tons.

2) India's Dwarf: its a perennial Castor seeds that lasted for 2 to 3 years, the yield is 1 tone at first harvest, second harvest will be 2 tons or more.

3) Indian brown: its a perennial Castor seeds that can last for 5 to 7 years, the yield will not up to 1 ton at first harvest but at second harvest it will more than 1 ton that is how it will be increasing till you get up to 3 to 4 tons per harvest

4) Brazilian or Indian white: its also a perennial Castor seeds that can lasted for 7 years even more but is advisable to cut it and replant when its 7 years, yield, just like Indian brown.


Contact SEEDWORLD LTD 07082638957 (WhatsApp) for the planting seed.

*RED ROYALE F1 DWARF PAW PAW SEEDS AND SEEDLINGS CURRENTLY AVAILABLE FOR SALE*


*DESCRIPTION*

RED ROYAL F1 is vigorous hybrid paw paw with excellent setting ability.

**CHARACTERISTICS **

* A vigorous hybrid with evident dwarf plant habit.

* Strong thick stems.

* Good level of virus resistance.

* Excellent setting ability
size fruit with thick flesh.

* Attractive red colour and very sweet.

* Maturity 8 months after planting.

* Weight 1.7 - 2.3 kgs

**Resistances / Tolerances**

* Intermediate tolerance to Papaya Ring Spot Virus.

*SEED QUANTITY* : 5grams.

*For purchase of the seeds or seedlings, and further enquiry do call or Whatsapp SEEDWORLD LTD 07082638957*.

Jack fruit seedlings available for sale.

*INTRODUCING THE HYBRID DWARF PAW PAW*

*Description*

This is a hybrid dwarf pawpaw seed imported from ASIA (Indonesia) and it takes 6 months to fruiting. It can last for five years like a tree. A seed can produce up to 70 fruits up .

*Variety* : ipb9

*Germination* 15 to 21 days

*Flowering* 5 months

*Fruiting* 5-6months

*Maturity* 8months.

*Life span* 5years

*Average harvest* 180kg per tree per cycle.

*Fruit Weight* Average fruit weight is 1.2 kg.

*Package* 250 seeds packs (Average 5grams)


*NB*: *ipb9* is currently the best variety of paw paw in the world , its out doing varieties like solo and sunrise due to it's high disease resistance, early maturity,sweetness and easy processing.

*For order for this hybrid dwarf paw paw seeds variety pls contact SEEDWORLD LTD 07082638957 (WhatsApp) Email: seedworldlimited@gmail.com*

...

Seedworld:
...

You haven't posted in a while. Yes, there are people like me who love what you post. Keep at it please cos I really enjoy reading everything on this thread.

Thanks very much and God bless u.

*RED ROYALE F1 DWARF PAW PAW SEEDLINGS CURRENTLY AVAILABLE FOR SALE*


*DESCRIPTION*

RED ROYAL F1 is vigorous hybrid paw paw with excellent setting ability.

**CHARACTERISTICS **

* A vigorous hybrid with evident dwarf plant habit.

* Strong thick stems.

* Good level of virus resistance.

* Excellent setting ability
size fruit with thick flesh.

* Attractive red colour and very sweet.

* Maturity 8 months after planting.

* Weight 1.7 - 2.3 kgs

**Resistances / Tolerances**

* Intermediate tolerance to Papaya Ring Spot Virus.

*INTRODUCING THE DxT COCONUT VARIETY FROM INDIA*


*DxT – Dwarf x Tall*

*Origin* India.

*DESCRIPTION*

This is a unique short hybrid variety coconut tree, which gives a yield up to 450 nuts per year.

The size of the nuts looks similar to the size of COD but green in color with slight yellow shade, after dehusking the nut weights 600 grams at an average it gives maximum of 45 nuts in a single branch when the maintenance is good.

Lifetime of this variety is 45 years average.

*INTUITIVE SOLUTION FOR THE ISSUE*

In result of the flower of Yazhpanam (Tall) variety mixes with COD (Dwarf)flower naturally by honeybees this pollination happens and that results in forming a new breed D x T, however the productivity is very less in natural pollination.

In order to meet the demands, we follow the same procedure by manually mixing the flowers to bring productivity, and we would like to clarify this is not a genetically changed breeds, this is a natural variety which gives the maximum Yield as of coconut tree is concerned.


*GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS*

*Variety*- D X T

*Product Type* -Hybrid

*Other Necessities*
Well Watered,Fast Growth.

*Features*

*Multipurpose General Hybrid.

*Non-adulterated nature.

*High nutrition value.

*Excellent quality.

*For Tender Coconut And Copra

*More Features*:

1. Ideal general purpose hybrid.

2. Early yielder – first flowering within 24 months after planting.

3. Large number of nuts – 350 nuts per palm per annum.

4. 400 and more tender nuts per annum reported by several customers.

5. The tender coconut harvested at 7 months has 500ml plus of sweeter Tender Coconut Water.

6. Good kernel and copra content – approximately 210 grams per nut. [21 kgs per 100 nuts].

7. Approximately 3,675 kgs of copra per acre per annum.

8. Approximately 2500 kgs of coconut oil per acre .

For seedlings order or further enquiry do contact SEEDWORLD LTD 07082638957 (WHATSAPP).

**INTRODUCING DxP SP540 OIL PALM FROM INDONESIA**

*Specifications*

Earlier fruit production – initial harvest at 24 months after planting with a yield of 8-10 tonnes FFB/hectare.

Initial Yield (3-8 years) average >26 tonnes FFB/hectare; in favourable conditions can easily achieve 36 tonnes FFB/hectare

Oil extraction rate of >24%

Kernel oil extraction rate >6%

Total oil production >9 tonnes/hectare

Low levels of chimera or crown disease in the nursery and field

Adaptable to a wide range of environments

Planting density of 136 palms/hectare ensures maximum production

Dura contam
a, ination in the field < 0.1%.


Oil palm varieties in this group consists of DxP PPKS 540, DxP Simalungun, and DxP AVROS.
These varieties are produced from
descendants of SP540T. They are mostly quick starter and high in mesokarp per fruit content. These varieties can be grown in various topography of area (flat to undulating) due to their wide
adaptability.

*Profile of DxP PPKS 540*

The DxP PPKS 540 variety is the result of a cross between Dura Deli PA line 131 D Self / TI 221 D x GB 30 D with pure Pisifera parents of SP540T descent.

*The superior characteristics of this variety are the quick starter and the very high percentage of mesocarp per fruit (88-90%).
*CPO production potential reaches 8-9 tons / ha / year.
*With extensive adaptability, this variety can be planted in various types of land, ranging from flat to undulating areas.

This DxP PPKS 540 variety was released in 2007. (Source: PPKS Medan) Excellence of DxP PPKS 540 Quick Starter (harvest age starts 28-30 months) High Mesocarp.

*CPO Potential 9.6 tons / ha / year Broad adaptation, can be planted in all areas Potential FFB production of 35 tons / ha / year Here I include a detailed picture of the DxP PPKS 540 variety:

Profile of Dxp PPKS 540 Superior varieties.

You can contact SEEDWORLD LTD 07082638957 for purchase of the seedlings.

*BAY TREE SEEDLINGS AVAILABLE*

Bay leaves are the pleasantly aromatic leaves of several plants used for cooking. It is one of the known culinary leaf spices.

The spices contain many significant compounds, vitamins and minerals which are necessary for good health.

One can receive the health advantages of bay leaves by using them in cooking, or burn them and inhaling the vapours or enjoy tea made from bay leaves.

*Contact SEEDWORLD LTD 07082638957 for the seedlings*

Seedworld:
*BAY TREE SEEDLINGS AVAILABLE*

Bay leaves are the pleasantly aromatic leaves of several plants used for cooking. It is one of the known culinary leaf spices.

The spices contain many significant compounds, vitamins and minerals which are necessary for good health.

One can receive the health advantages of bay leaves by using them in cooking, or burn them and inhaling the vapours or enjoy tea made from bay leaves.

*Contact SEEDWORLD LTD 07082638957 for the seedlings*

Nice. Welcome back.

Seedworld:
*BAY TREE SEEDLINGS AVAILABLE*

Bay leaves are the pleasantly aromatic leaves of several plants used for cooking. It is one of the known culinary leaf spices.

The spices contain many significant compounds, vitamins and minerals which are necessary for good health.

One can receive the health advantages of bay leaves by using them in cooking, or burn them and inhaling the vapours or enjoy tea made from bay leaves.

*Contact SEEDWORLD LTD 07082638957 for the seedlings*

Good morning bro

Please which variety of cucumber seed will you require for Lagos markets... Those dark green ones

A variety that won't bring about cause for pollination

You can get Jorad or Darina

Seedworld:
You can get Jorad or Darina

What about Greengo

No Greengo

well done!

pls how much is you hybrid open pollinated cocoa pod? very urgent pls

No cocoa pod

Please sir, can i get Jacaranda seedling?

Seedworld:
*INTRODUCING BUSH MANGO( OGBONO ) FARMING*

The scientific name is irvingia gabonensis, English name is African mango, wild mango or bush mango. Ogbono grows naturally in the wild and the fruits fall on their own when they mature.

The fruits are then allowed to decay or eaten for the seeds that are broken for the nut.
There are different varieties of ogbono in Nigeria; the slippery and the non slippery types.

Ogbono farming is mostly done in African countries such as Congo, Angola, Cote d’ voire, Cameroun, Ghana, Togo, Benin republic and Uganda.

In Nigeria it is cultivated in orchards by few states; Edo, Ebonyi, Cross River and Benue. Ogbono plants are mostly grown for their nuts, the fruit is like mango, oval in shape and can be eaten same way..

Their juice is used in the production of jams, wine, jelly, etc. Ogbono is used for soup . This a kind of soup that is so loved by many, it has great taste and amazing flavour.
That’s one of the reasons ogbono demand is always on the increase.

*CLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS FOR GROWING OGBONO*

Ogbono tree can grow up to about 40m in height with a temperature between 20-37°C; annual rainfall is between 120-150cm. They are planted in deep soil and also a seasonal crop.

*OGBONO CULTIVATION RATE IN NIGERIA*

Studies shows that it is only aged persons that are into ogbono farming
Only very little has been done to increase their cultivation in Nigeria.


There is still a wide gap between supply and demand of ogbonor in Nigeria and beyond. The ogbono seeds we have in Nigeria is not enough to go round mainly because of population increase.

Entrepreneurs and investors are forced to go to other African countries in other to meet up with the high demands.This is why we need more people to venture into ogbonor farming in Nigeria.


*OTHER HEALTH BENEFITS OF OGBONO APART FROM SOUP INGREDIENT*

Aside the weight reduction advantages of its consumption, as well as its age-long dietary aid for humans, there are many other health benefits derivable from consuming the African mango.

* African mango is rich in potassium and pectin. Pectin is a fibre you need to reduce your cholesterol level inside your blood vein.


* Consuming African mango can be one of the best treatments to prevent kidney stones according to some research works.


* The bark of the African mango tree can be decocted and used for treating dysentery and diarrhea.


* The fruits and seeds can serve as fodders fed to farmland livestock such as goat, sheep, cow, cattle, etc.


*Antioxidants are important in fighting free radicals. Irvingia gabonensis (ogbono) African Mango is a potent source of antioxidants.


* African Mango appears to reduce blood sugar levels, as well as having a beneficial effect on insulin resistance and glycemic index control in obese diabetic patients.


* African mango surprisingly has almost same proportion of potassium and Vitamin K to optimal potassium absorption into the blood and cells.


* By consuming African mango at least three times a week, you can say good bye to constipation forever.


* African mango has numerous amount of Vitamin E which stimulates the body to produce sexual hormones to raise your sexual desire.


* Methanolic extract of the African Mango can be used for treating bacterial and fungal infections.


* Ogbono works much better to strengthen your memory and concentration because it has an important protein; glutamine acid.



*AGRONOMY PRACTICES FOR OGBONO CULTIVATION*

1. LAND PREPARATION :

The importance of land preparation cannot be over emphasized in farming because of its benefits.Land preparation for planting of ogbonor is done between November and March .

Acquire a land in a farm area. The operations involves : Clearing ,felling of unwanted trees ,cross cutting ,packing and burning . Mechanical operations can also be deployed using tractors and harrow.

Make the land ready for planting by clearing the debris. Ogbono is best planted in a sandy loam soil that is rich in organic matter. They are planted in deep soil of about 150cm, with acidic PH of 4.5-7.0.So confirm your soil pH by carrying out a soil test .

2. PLANTING / PROPAGATION.

Ogbono can be propagated through seeds and grafting, marcoting, cutting, air layering and budding. But propagation through seed is difficult and may likely fail except you are well experienced or have a technical know how on how to go about it.That is why we recommend seedlings.

*PLANTING SPACING*

The spacing of 7m x 7m is recommended for Ogbono planting .This gives a population of about 200 stands per hectare.After making out ,dig planting holes of 60cm x 60cm x 45cm .

*HOW AND WHEN TO TRANSPLANT OGBONO SEEDLINGS*

Transplanting of ogbono seedlings is done in the early part of the raining season as soon as the rains stabilize that is between May to June .

Fill the holes with well decomposed organic manure or farm yard manure and top soil two weeks before transplanting of seedlings .

Pls note, do not put inorganic or chemical fertilizers like NPK or UREA in planting holes at transplanting of seedlings. This may be harmful to the young seedlings.

Seedlings should be transplanted with the ball of earth (Sand) around the roots of the plant in the nursery nylon.If budded seedlings are planted,regularly check and prune off all side shoots especially under the budded root stock.


3. FERTILIZER APPLICATION IN OGBONO CULTIVATION :

Fertilizer application starts one year after field establishment. If the planting holes were well prepared ( with decomposed organic manure and top soil) no chemical fertilizer is required in the first year of establishment.

1 to 4yrs after planting if the soil is fairly rich ,an application of 0.25kg (250grams) per tree stand or NPK (15:15:15, 20:10:10 ) or any other compound fertilizer having NPK can be applied.

Fertilizer application should be done during the raining season. If the soil is poor ,the dosage could increase to 0.5kg (500grams) per tree stand.The plant are ring weeded before broadcasting the fertilizer around each tree stand once a year.

4. TOPPING IN OGBONO CULTIVATION :

Topping is a management practice whereby all the growing shoots of the plant are shaped by clipping (Pruning or Training) . This is a Taming process .

*ADVANTAGES OF TOPPING IN OGBONO CULTIVATION*

(a) It gives the trees desired shape instead of conical shape that the tree is naturally prone to.

(b) It exposes more leaves to sunlight thereby enhancing photosynthesis and facilitating more fruits formation.

(c) It encourages early flowering.

(d) It controls the height of the plant.

*WHEN TO DO OR START TOPPING*

Between the second and third year ,and towards the end of the rains ,do the first (Prunning) .This is achieved by cutting back all the growing shoots .Repeat this yearly for the next 3 to 4 years.

5. IRRIGATION IN OGBONO CULTIVATION :

Seedlings transplanted in May/June or June / July depending on location ,may be adversely affected by the following dry season (Nov to March ) especially if the dry season comes early and extends to March and April of the following year.

During this time it is recommended to provide alternative irrigation system such as drip irrigation or sprinklers and mulch round each tree stand with grasses and supply at least 20 to 25litres of water per tree per week.This will enhance survival rate and early productivity .

6. REPLACEMENT OF DEAD PLANTS WITH NEW OGBONO SEEDLINGS :

Plants or seedlings that fail to survive should be replaced the next rainy season.This practice should continue until all the missing tree stands are filled up.Before replanting the dead plants ,the planting holes should be properly checked to find out the cause of the death.

If the death is caused by disease or pest ,adequate measures should be taken to clean up the planting site and planting materials before and after replanting.

7. WEED CONTROL IN OGBONO CULTIVATION :

In the first 2yrs of field establishment ,it is recommended to ring weed 1meter from the base of the plants.This can be done consistently as they grow on. Chemical weed control can also be done with proper caution.You can contact SEEDWORLD LTD for the applicable chemical recommendation.

8. INTER CHOPPING OGBONO :

Within the first 5yrs of field life and until the tree's start creating canopy ,food crops such as Yam ,Cassava,Ginger,Cocoyam and vegetables can be planted within the ogbono tree stands.

Spreading or crawling crops especially sweet potato is highly recommended as intercrop for ogbono ,because apart from.the edible sweet potato roots,the sweet potato will also serve as a cover to check erosion and to control weed growth.

After canopy is formed in a few years ,only cocoyam,yam and potatoes can be intercropped because they are shade tolerant crops.

8. DISEASES AND PEST IN OGBONO CULTIVATION.

*DISEASES* Most of the diseases associated with ogbono in the nursery or field includes;

(a) *Damping off* : Ogbono is susceptible to damping off disease caused by two fungi - (Pythium Spp and Phytophtora Spp). The seedlings remain susceptible till the cotyledons drop 3 - 4 weeks after planting.

*Control* Avoid waterlogging conditions in the field or nursery.You can also use copper based fungicides such as (Red force) for treatment.For chemical recommendations you can contact SEEDWORLD LTD.

(b) Leaf Spot : There are two types of leaf spot namely ;
(i) Clorotic to necrotic spots caused by two fungi - Rhizoctonia Spp and Collectrotirichum Spp.

(ii) Reddish Purple spots caused by Rhizoctonia Spp .These are controlled as stated above for damping off.


*PESTS*

The pest that affect ogbono includes the following.

(a) Insect Pest : Young seedlings are attacked by grasscutters,Caterpillars, Scale insects etc.Leaf miners and fruit borers occasionally attack mature plants .These insects are controlled by spraying monthly with a broad spectrum insecticide .You can contact SEEDWORLD LTD for recommended brands of insecticide.

For other pest we would state them below because of time.You can contact us for possible control measures.

(b) Rodents.
(c) Epiphytes (A parasite)

*Other natural destroyers of Ogbono plantation include* ;

(d) Fire

(e) Weed .


9. HARVESTING OF OGBONO .

Local Ogbono that grows in the wild from seed could take 10yrs to maturity.Improve Ogbono varieties take a shorter period of 4 to 5yrs .

Fresh ogbono comes into market between June and August and is most scarce between March and April. The two varieties of Ogbono have different flowering / fruiting cycles as stated below .

(a) *VARIETY* : Gabonensis

*FLOWERING TIME* : Nov to March and June .

*FRUITING* : April to July and Sept to Oct.

(b) *VARIETY* : Excelsa


*FLOWERING TIME* Sept to Oct.

*FRUITING* December to March.

When fruits mature they fall to the ground and are collected for processing .Mature fruits can equally be plucked manually or mechanically.

Picking of ripe fruits is an organized annual event in areas where ogbono grow in the wild on commercial lands .

*YIELD POTENTIAL*

An average kernel yield of 25kg per stand of Ogbono is considered good.Kernel yield could be up to 30 to 35kg per plant in good years and could be as low as 20kg per stand in bad fruiting years.

*Interested in improved Ogbono seedlings or further enquiry do contact SEEDWORLD LTD 07082638957 WhatsApp
Email : seedworldlimited@gmail.com

Westworld you sell Ogbono seeds?

Please sir, can i get Jacaranda seedling ?

No sir