The history of Gobir has begun for 5,000 years with 1,100 years of migration. According to the explanations given by the head of the Maradi Institute for Social Sciences (IRSH), Mr. Sani Habou Magagi, If we take from the Eastern origin, the Gobirawa have come from Baghdad. That is to say present Iraq, which is their first site or first capital. Their 2nd site or 2nd capital is Birnin Qudus in Jerusalem, The 3rd capital is Birnin Gubur in Yamen where they got the name “Gobir”, The 4th is Birnin Karbala in Saudi Arabia, The 5th is Birnin Masar (Egypt in Africa). The 6th capital is Birnin Surukan in Tunisia, The 7th is Birnin Tunasse still in Tunisia (North Africa), The 8th capital is Birnin Bagazane (now Agadez) in Niger (West Africa), The 9th is Birnin Aigadasse still in Niger Republic, The 10th is Birnin Tinliguilit in Niger also, The 11th is Birnin Marandat in Niger, The 12th capital is Birnin Toro in Niger, The 13th is Birnin Lalle in Niger, The 14th is Birnin Gwararabe in Niger, The 15th is Birnin Alkalawa in Nigeria, The 16th capital is Birnin Dakorawa in Niger, The 17th Capital is Birnin Gawon Gazau in Nigeria.

The 18th capital is Birnin Maradi in Niger (where there was a cohabitation with the Katsinawas) and the 19th and last capital is Birnin Tibiri Gobir in Niger. So there were 19 capitals, from Iraq to Niger, during 1100 years of migration; It should be noted that with these multiple migrations, the first Gobirawas mingled with the indigenous populations found on the spot.

According to the explanation given by the head of the IRSH, the capital Tibiri (Gobir) was created in the 19th century, more precisely in 1835 by Sarki Gobir Djibon Taouba; Gobirawas founded their 19th capital at Birnin Tibiri in 1835 at the end of the Battle of Dakorawa between Mahamane Bello and two (2) sovereigns: one of Katsina Maradi, known as Raouda and the other of Tibiri called Ali.

According to Sani Habou Magagi, if we take this genealogical list from the first traditional ruler to the Gobir 380th ruler, Sultan Elhadj Abdourahmane Balla Marafa, we can say that the Gobir’s climax came to fruition during the reign of Sarkin Gobir Bawa Jangwarzo. His fame has reached the four corners of the world. During his reign there was no wickedness and he was the absolute master of the Gobir. He prayed for a mysterious secret by which his power was recognized outside the Gobir. The decline of large West African empires or kingdoms began with the “Jihad” of El Hadj Omar in western Sudan, that of Usmanu Danfodio in central Sudan and the “Jihad” of Mahadi in eastern Sudan. And it was during the same period, 19th century, that these three (3) Jihads took place. As for the decline of the Gobir, there was the Fulani war of Usman Danfodio who targeted the reigning family with the crisis between the sovereign Yunfa and his brothers; There were also tribal and intestine wars between the different states and at the beginning of the 20th century there was colonial penetration which aided in weakening these great kingdoms in West Africa.

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